ETIKA PENDIDIKAN DALAM PEMIKIRAN AL-GHAZALI DAN KI HADJAR DEWANTARA: SEBUAH TELAAH PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA

This study discusses the development of globalization, advances in science and technology that have an impact on human life. Ease of transportation, communication and access to education are positive impacts. Meanwhile, the degradation of moral values, namely individualistic, selfish, and competitive attitudes is a negative influence on the development and advancement of science. Moral education and among system education is an ideal educational alternative in facing the development of technology in Indonesia. Moral education according to al-Ghazali, teaches a child to understand the Qur'an and Hadith from an early age. By learning religion from an early age, children are able to strengthen beliefs. The basic character of children who are mature and supported by strong religious beliefs are able to avoid the bad effects of globalization. Meanwhile, among system education according to Ki Hadjar Dewantara is education that fosters mutual respect for fellow human beings. Appreciating and respecting fellow human beings will foster a sense of humanity and humanize humans, thus avoiding individualism, egoism, and competition between individuals

EUDAIMONIA DALAM FILSAFAT STOA SEBAGAI DASAR ETIKA

The term eudaimonia or happiness first appeared in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics in book I. Aristotle considered happiness to be something that could be achieved in ordinary activities, not something that was independent of that activity. Happiness makes human life better based on moral values. Happiness is related to birth, life processes, and events after death. Discussion of happiness in later times continued into the time of Stoic philosophy. The meaning of happiness which was interpreted inclusively during Aristotle's time shifted into a pragmatic meaning, about how an individual is able to control negative emotions in social life. The teachings brought by the Stoics taught that when a human being has an awareness of the virtues he has, then he will consider all things before deciding what action to take so he avoids negative emotions.Istilah eudaimonia atau kebahagiaan pertama kali muncul dalam karya Aristoteles berjudul Nicomachean Ethics dalam buku I. Aristoteles menganggap kebahagiaan merupakan sesuatu yang bisa dicapai dalam aktivitas biasa, bukan sesuatu yang independen terlepas dari aktivitas tersebut. Kebahagiaan adalah segala sesuatu yang membuat kehidupan manusia menjadi lebih baik berdasarkan nilai-nilai moral. Kebahagiaan berkaitan dengan kelahiran, proses kehidupan, dan peristiwa setelah kematiaan. Perbincangan tentang kebahagian di kemudian hari berlanjut hingga masa filsafat Stoa. Pergeseran makna kebahagiaan yang dimaknai secara inklusif pada masa Aristoteles bergeser menjadi makna pragmatis, tentang bagaimana seorang individu mampu mengendalikan emosi negatif dalam kehidupan sosial. Ajaran yang dibawa oleh Stoa mengajarkan ketika seorang manusia memiliki kesadaran akan keutamaan yang dimilikinya, maka dia akan mempertimbangkan segala hal sebelum memutuskan tindakan yang akan dilakukan sehingga dia terhindar dari emosi negatif

KONSEP EPISTEMOLOGI DALAM PEMIKIRAN IBNU RUSYD

This study aims to analyze the dimensions of epistemology or philosophy of knowledge in the thought of Ibnu Rusyd, who lived in 520H/1126 AD. There are two theories used to study Ibnu Rushd's epistemological thinking. First, the epistemological classification consisting of 4 forms, namely bayânî, burhâni, irfânî and tajrîbî. Second, Abd Jabbar's theory of plurality of text meanings. Each text contains the possibility of other meanings that are not the same as those explicitly stated. These meanings are always born and differ according to the different approaches and methods used. However, this does not mean that there is an exclusivity of understanding but that the text (al-Qur'an) provides a large space for various understandings according to the level of reasoning.Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dimensi epistemologi atau filsafat pengetahuan dalam pemikiran Ibnu Rusyd, yang hidup pada tahun 520H/1126 M. Ada dua teori yang digunakan untuk mengkaji pemikiran epistemologi Ibnu Rusyd. Pertama, klasifikasi epistemologi yang terdiri atas 4 bentuk, yaitu bayânî, burhâni, irfânî dan tajrîbî. Kedua, teori pluralitas makna teks dari Abd Jabbar. Setiap teks mengandung kemungkinan adanya makna lain yang tidak sama dengan yang tersurat secara eksplisit. Makna tersebut senantiasa lahir dan berbeda sesuai dengan perbedaan pendekatan dan metode yang digunakan. Meski demikian, hal itu bukan berarti terjadi eksklusivitas pemahaman melainkan benar-benar bahwa teks (al-Qur’an) memberikan ruang yang besar bagi adanya beragam pemahaman sesuai dengan tingkat penalaran

JATIDIRI MANUSIA BERDASARKAN FILSAFAT TINDAKAN HANNAH ARENDT PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT MANUSIA: RELEVANSI DENGAN PELANGGARAN HAM TAHUN 1965-1966 DI INDONESIA

The essential problem of human rights violation is a matter of human life. The issue raises many new problems, including the trauma suffered by victims and guilty feelings experienced by perpetrators. Some cases of human rights violation, can often be resolved by the constitutional court. Other cases cannot be solved by laws and regulations that have been established. In such cases, it requires an accomplishment by using another point of view, for example, by understanding the basic structure of human person, based on Hannah Arendt's philosophy of action. This research is a qualitative research with emphasises library research in obtaining datas. Methods used in this study are: hermeneutics, and heuristics. The formal object is human person that is part of philosophy of human. Theory of human person which is categorized into three parts, namely: the personality of human, self identity of human, and the uniqueness in the sociality of human. The result of this research is an exposure of the philosophy of human action, as an ultimate activity in the vita activa. Human beings as individuals, are body and soul; soul and mind. Self identity is understood not only as the present, but also the past and the projections of the future. Human beings develop continuously in the historicity of the time, so that each individual is unique from the others. This uniqueness colors the difference in plurality of life which is expected to keep the friendship in a community. Arendt's philosophy has been successfully answered the problem for human rights violation during the under Nazi rule. Arendt's analysis of the problem for the emphasis on the human personality-conscious thinking in a situation that tends to be authoritarian. Another analysis is the human ability to forgive, promise and build friendship. It is inspire to answer the problem for human rights violation at Indonesia upon 1965-1966. Understanding based on consciousness thinking, forgiveness, promise and friendship will break the cycle of revenge, restore social memory, and ensure the creation of rights of every citizen

The Contribution of the Pragmatism Educational Philosophy in the Implementation of Pancasila Education During Distance Learning

The implementation of Pancasila education faces major challenges during distance learning. The lack of meeting face-to-face and the high level of human dependence on technology makes it difficult for students to internalize the values of Pancasila. Therefore, efforts to realize the goal of meaningful education are hampered. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the contribution of the pragmatism educational philosophy as a solution to overcome the obstacles in implementing Pancasila education. This was field research based on philosophical perspectives combined with library research. Description, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, internal coherence, and heuristics were used. The results showed that experience supports the success of education according to the pragmatism educational philosophy. In order for the values of Pancasila to be effectively internalized, these values need to be integrated into the learning process experience. The pragmatism perspective of “learning by doing” can be a strategy to integrate the process of internalizing the Pancasila values into the interaction patterns of educators and students through technology. Keywords: meaningful education, Pancasila, values, internalization, pragmatism, experienc

Panic Buying: Konsumerisme Masyarakat Indonesia di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 Perspektif Psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan

The development of technology in the contemporary era raises various problems of humanitarian crises. The humanitarian crisis was caused by rapid development of capitalist ideology, technology and science. Mass purchases in a short period of time in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic made subjects consume unnecessary items. The subject has a split in understanding reality. Lacan's psychoanalysis is important in understanding the lifestyle of the consumerist society amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The Lacan trilogy is able to analyze of humans as subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine the background of panic buying behavior in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research method is a literature study, aimed at analyzing panic buying behavior as a form of consumerism, with the theoretical framework of Jaques Lacan's psychoanalysis. The result of this research is that the currently present subject is a subject in interaction with pure reality which is translated into a symbolic code. A subject who seeks happiness with the desire to be someone else and to calm his panic in an unstable state. The subject considers consumption to be the answer to anxiety symptoms in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic

KEKERASAN SISTEMIK PADA MASYARAKAT MODERN TINJAUAN FILSAFAT SLAVOJ ZIZEK

Slavoj Zizek adalah filsuf berkebangsaan Slovenia, disoroti oleh publik karena ide Zizek tentang adanya kekerasan sistemik dalam iklan-iklan kemanusiaan. Zizek menyebut jika iklan-iklan kemanusiaan terpasang dalam sebuah kedai kopi, dianggap sebagai salah satu alat kapitalisme dalam melancarkan produk mereka. Para konsumen diberikan iming-iming untuk ikut serta membantu saudara mereka yang terjebak dalam kondisi perekonomian lemah agar mendapatkan pendidikan, kesehatan bahkan akses air bersih yang cukup. Bantuan kemanusiaan dapat berupa dengan membeli produk tertentu atau dengan secara sukarela memberikan beberapa koin. Kekerasan sistemik adalah jenis kekerasan tidak terlihat secara kasat mata. Seolah-olah korban yaitu konsumen, menjadi bagian dari tindakan kemanusiaan. Korban tidak menyadari adanya sistem kapital yang menggunakan kemurahan hati sebagai alat legitimasi merek

Harmonization of the Education Curriculum at Pesantren Al Falah Gorontalo: An Educational Philosophy Study

Pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) have become character-building institutions trusted by the Indonesian people; however, as educational institutions, pesantren must adapt to the national education curriculum which can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to critically identify and analyze the implementation of the educational curriculum at the pesantren Al Falah Gorontalo, based on the educational philosophy point of view. A qualitative approach was employed, using the hermeneutics method. Interpretation, description, synthetic analysis, internal coherence, holistic, reflection, and heuristics were used. The results indicated that the pesantren Al Falah Gorontalo combined two educational curriculums. Analysis from the educational philosophy perspective found that the implementation of education was based on essentialism educational philosophical ideas, which assume that education is full of flexibility and helps students to adhere to noble values, spiritual characteristics, and human guidance to achieve a more noble life. Keywords: pesantren, curriculum, combination, essentialism, educatio