Hallazgo de la biozona de <i>Persculptograptus persculptus</i> en la Formación Eusebio Ayala (Ordovícico Superior?-Llandovery), Paraguay oriental

El Silúrico expuesto en la porción central del Paraguay oriental, Cuenca de Paraná, representado por el Grupo Itacurubí, incluye en orden ascendente las formaciones Eusebio Ayala, Vagas Peña y Cariy. La recolección de graptolitos se efectuó en los niveles inferiores de la Formación Eusebio Ayala, expuestos en dos canteras próximas a la localidad de Itauguá, 35km al este de la ciudad de Asunción. La unidad está caracterizada por pelitas micáceas rojizas - violáceas con intercalaciones de arenisca con alto contenido de hierro. La secuencia contiene una graptofauna dominante cuyos especímenes han sido preservados en relieve y parcialmente reemplazados por óxido de hierro, o conservados como películas aplastadas; la observación de los ejemplares se dificulta parcialmente por la presencia de mica. La asociación reconocida está constituida por Persculptograptus persculptus (Salter) y Normalograptus medius (Törnquist). P. persculptus es un graptolito que está presente en las asociaciones del Hirnantiano y también fue reconocido en el Silúrico basal, caracterizando el límite Ordovícico-Silúrico. En las sierras de Talacasto y Villicúm, Precordillera Central y Oriental sanjuanina, Argentina, se ha registrado la Biozona de P. persculptus en las formaciones La Chilca y Don Braulio respectivamente, quedando el límite entre los sistemas comprendido en la base de estas unidades. En estas localidades dicho límite se sitúa inmediatamente por encima de los sedimentos glacimarinos hirnantianos producto de la glaciación ocurrida en el Ordovícico Superior de Gondwana. Si bien estos niveles glacimarinos no han sido registrados con precisión en Paraguay, sí se reconoce con certeza la presencia de la Biozona de P. persculptus, elemento que permite efectuar una correlación con otras regiones de América del Sur y con el resto de las regiones pericratónicas de Gondwana.Simposio 1: 2º Simposio de bioestratigrafía y eventos del Paleozoico inferior.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Treatment of Dipetalonema gracile in Cebus apella by Ivermectin

The microfilaricidal effect of ivermectin was studied on Cebus apella infected with Dipetalonema gracile in Paraguay. Nine monkeys were treated with ivermectin at the dosage of 200μg/kg body weight by single subcutaneous injection. The significant reduction in microfilarial count after treatment of ivermectin was recognized (P<0.01). The change of blood picture of 9 monkeys infected with D. gracile following treatment of ivermectin also studied. The total WBC count was found to be significantly increased at 1 day after the treatment. Differential count study showed that neutrophils increased in most monkeys. On the other hand, the significant change in eosinophil and lymphocye count was not observed

Graptolites and trilobites from the Eusebio Ayala Formation (Hirnantian?-early Llandovery), Paraná Basin, eastern Paraguay

A low-diversity graptolite fauna fromthe upper part of the Eusebio Ayala Formation exposed in the intracratonic Paraná Basin of eastern Paraguay is reported herein. The sections studied are composed dominantly of red micaceous mudstones with intercalations of purple sandstones from a series of clay quarries (Santa Elena; Galeano; Western Itauguá) around Itauguá city. The graptolites Metaclimacograptus sp., Normalograptus cf. ajjeri (Legrand), and Normalograptus cf. medius (Törnquist) indicate an early Llandovery age for the upper Eusebio Ayala unit. Compared to coeval, postglacial successions in southwestern Gondwana, the graptolites studied have their closest affinities with those from the Rhuddanian lower Lipeón (Subandean Ranges, northwestern Argentina) and La Chilca (Precordillera) formations. In addition, a trilobite assemblage dominated by the genus Mucronaspis was collected from the Eusebio Ayala Formation type locality near Eusebio Ayala city. The latter represents an isolated small outcrop which seems to be latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) in age.Centro de Investigaciones GeológicasConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The Hirnantian-Early Llandovery transition sequence in the Paraná basin, Eastern Paraguay

The Lower Paleozoic Itacurubí Group (Harrington, 1972) is exposed in the western border of the intracratonic Paraná Basin of eastern Paraguay (Fig. 1). This group (c. 350 m thick) includes from base to top the Eusebio Ayala, Vargas Peña and Cariy siliciclastic formations. It was traditionally assigned to the Llandovery (e.g. Harrington, 1950; Dyck, 1991; Benedetto et al., 1992; Benedetto, 2002; Galeano Inchausti and Poiré, 2006; Uriz et al., 2008a, 2008b and references therein) based on a marine fossil record mainly of graptolites, shelly fauna, and palynofacies assemblages. The new records of graptolites and some trilobites from the Eusebio Ayala Formation, exposed in clay quarries to the east of Asunción allow the comparison with other sequences bearing similar faunal associations known in west Gondwana. These records are discussed here, taken into account that the mentioned interval was a relevant paleobiogeographical time slice during the Lower Paleozoic (Cocks, 2001).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

High-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater provides insights into circulating variants

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely emerged from a zoonotic spill-over event and has led to a global pandemic. The public health response has been predominantly informed by surveillance of symptomatic individuals and contact tracing, with quarantine, and other preventive measures have then been applied to mitigate further spread. Non-traditional methods of surveillance such as genomic epidemiology and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) have also been leveraged during this pandemic. Genomic epidemiology uses high-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to inform local and international transmission events, as well as the diversity of circulating variants. WBE uses wastewater to analyse community spread, as it is known that SARS-CoV-2 is shed through bodily excretions. Since both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals contribute to wastewater inputs, we hypothesized that the resultant pooled sample of population-wide excreta can provide a more comprehensive picture of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity circulating in a community than clinical testing and sequencing alone. In this study, we analysed 91 wastewater samples from 11 states in the USA, where the majority of samples represent Maricopa County, Arizona (USA). With the objective of assessing the viral diversity at a population scale, we undertook a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis on data from 52 samples with \u3e90% SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage of sequence reads, and compared these SNVs with those detected in genomes sequenced from clinical patients. We identified 7973 SNVs, of which 548 were “novel” SNVs that had not yet been identified in the global clinical-derived data as of 17th June 2020 (the day after our last wastewater sampling date). However, between 17th of June 2020 and 20th November 2020, almost half of the novel SNVs have since been detected in clinical-derived data. Using the combination of SNVs present in each sample, we identified the more probable lineages present in that sample and compared them to lineages observed in North America prior to our sampling dates. The wastewater-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequence data indicates there were more lineages circulating across the sampled communities than represented in the clinical-derived data. Principal coordinate analyses identified patterns in population structure based on genetic variation within the sequenced samples, with clear trends associated with increased diversity likely due to a higher number of infected individuals relative to the sampling dates. We demonstrate that genetic correlation analysis combined with SNVs analysis using wastewater sampling can provide a comprehensive snapshot of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic population structure circulating within a community, which might not be observed if relying solely on clinical cases

Tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para adultos: Una revisión selectiva

Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicológicos han mostrado su eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no obstante, considerando el conocimiento científico generado en los últimos años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualización en español sobre cuáles son los tratamientos psicológicos con respaldo empírico. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión selectiva de los principales tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para el abordaje de trastornos mentales en personas adultas. Método: se recogen niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación en función de los criterios propuestos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud de España (en las Guías de Práctica Clínica) para diferentes trastornos psicológicos. Resultados: los resultados sugieren que los tratamientos psicológicos disponen de apoyo empírico para el abordaje de un amplio elenco de trastornos psicológicos. El grado de apoyo empírico oscila de bajo a alto en función del trastorno psicológico analizado. La revisión sugiere que ciertos campos de intervención necesitan una mayor investigación. Conclusiones: a partir de esta revisión selectiva, los profesionales de la psicología podrán disponer de información rigurosa y actualizada que les permita tomar decisiones informadas a la hora de implementar aquellos procedimientos psicoterapéuticos empíricamente fundamentados en función de las características de las personas que demandan ayuda. Background: Psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientific knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults. Method: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different psychological disorders. Results: The results indicate that psychological treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed. The review indicates the existence of certain fields of intervention that need further investigation. Conclusions: Based on this selective review, psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help

Psicothema

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónEl trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y su relación con la vulnerabilidad al asco y la minuciosidad. Antecedentes: el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre los síntomas asociados al trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC), la vulnerabilidad al asco y el modelo de los cinco factores de personalidad. Método: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 100 adultos con TOC y 246 con otro trastorno de ansiedad (OTA) que respondieron a diferentes cuestionarios sobre TOC, propensión y sensibilidad al asco, ansiedad, depresión y personalidad. Previamente a realizar los análisis estadísticos paramétricos, todas las puntuaciones directas se transformaron en medidas Rasch, con propiedades de escala de intervalo. Resultados: los pacientes TOC puntuaron significativamente más alto en sensibilidad y propensión al asco que los pacientes del grupo OTA, y esta diferencia fue mayor para la propensión al asco. Se observaron correlaciones altas entre las puntuaciones en propensión al asco y contaminación de la DOCS en ambos grupos. Finalmente, las puntuaciones en minuciosidad del test NEO FFI fueron significativamente más altas en el grupo TOC que en el OTA.Universidad de Oviedo. Biblioteca de Psicología; Plaza Feijoo, s/n.; 33003 Oviedo; Tel. +34985104146; Fax +34985104126; [email protected]