A novel and precise time domain description of MOSFET low frequency noise due to random telegraph signals

Nowadays, random telegraph signals play an important role in integrated circuit performance variability, leading for instance to failures in memory circuits. This problem is related to the successive captures and emissions of electrons at the many traps stochastically distributed at the silicon-oxide (Si-SiO2) interface of MOS transistors. In this paper we propose a novel analytical and numerical approach to statistically describe the fluctuations of current due to random telegraph signal in time domain. Our results include two distinct situations: when the density of interface trap density is uniform in energy, and when it is an u-shape curve as prescribed in literature, here described as simple quadratic function. We establish formulas for relative error as function of the parameters related to capture and emission probabilities. For a complete analysis experimental u-shape curves are used and compared with the theoretical aproach

The dynamic right-to-left translocation of Cerl2 is involved in the regulation and termination of nodal activity in the mouse node

The determination of left-right body asymmetry in mouse embryos depends on the interplay of molecules In a highly sensitive structure, the node. Here, we show that the localization of Cerl2 protein does not correlate to its mRNA expression pattern, from 3-somite stage onwards. Instead, Cerl2 protein displays a nodal flow-dependent dynamic behavior that controls the activity of Nodal in the node, and the transmission of the laterality information to the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Our results indicate that Cerl2 initially localizes and prevents the activation of Nodal genetic circuitry on the right side of the embryo, and later its right-to-left translocation shutdowns Nodal activity in the node. The consequent prolonged Nodal activity in the node by the absence of Cerl2 affects local Nodal expression and prolongs its expression in the LPM. Simultaneous genetic removal of both Nodal node inhibitors, Cerl2 and Lefty1, sustains even longer and bilateral his LPM expression.F.C.T.; IBB/CBME, LAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Evidenciação da Gestão de Resíduos e Logística Reversa nas Empresas Listadas no Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial

TCC (Graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Socioeconômico. Curso de Ciências ContábeisEste artigo tem como objetivo identificar as práticas de gestão de resíduos e de logística reversa nas empresas listadas no Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) no ano de 2013, classificando-as de acordo com o seu potencial de poluição. Para esse fim a pesquisa optou por uma metodologia descritiva, realizada por meio de análise de conteúdo, utilizando 4 categorias (reciclagem, reutilização, reaproveitamento e remanufatura) e 16 subcategorias para a análise dos dados obtidos. A pesquisa analisou as informações nos Relatórios Anuais e de Sustentabilidade referentes ao período de 2013, divulgados pelas 40 empresas que compõem a carteira ISE (Carteira 2014). Os resultados revelam que as empresas selecionadas se classificam como potencial alto, médio e não poluidor. O potencial não poluidor possui o maior número de empresas. A reciclagem foi a mais evidenciada nos três potenciais, seguido por reutilização, remanufatura e reaproveitamento. No total das empresas, 35 evidenciaram a prática de reciclagem, 21 de reutilização, 8 de remanufatura e 6 de reaproveitamento. Quanto às informações destas quatro práticas, destacam-se aquelas evidenciadas de forma quantitativa não monetária. As empresas que mais evidenciaram são do setor elétrico, químico, papel e celulose, produtos alimentares e bebidas e seguros. Os resíduos não perigosos foram os mais evidenciados nas empresas, com destaque para os materiais de papel, metal, plástico e vidro

Assessment of the performance of traditional agroforestry systems in Southwestern Cameroon

Amid the diversity of farming systems developed in humid tropical zones, a large number is characterized by the combination of perennial and annual plants. The productive functioning, the agronomic and economic performance, and the sustainability of these crop associations remain poorly understood. To improve the management capacity of these complex agroforestry systems, adequate indicators must be developed and integrated in assessment systems. These may then be used to assist farmers in their decision making regarding management practices, as well as used to evaluate the contributions of these farming systems to sustainability. This study focused on 38 farmers in the Southwestern Province of Cameroon, whose agroforestry systems were surveyed using indicators which were then integrated into a Traditional Agroforestry Performance Indicators System (TAPIS). Analyses of the relationships between indicators in TAPIS allowed an improved understanding of agro-ecological and agro-economic performances in the studied parcels, and may contribute for the sustainability assessment of agroforestry systems. (Résumé d'auteur