Bandwidth Selection for Prediction in Regression

[Abstract] There exist many different methods to choose the bandwidth in kernel regression. If, however, the target is regression based prediction for samples or populations with potentially different distributions, then the existing methods can easily be suboptimal. This situation occurs for example in impact evaluation, data matching, or scenario simulations. We propose a bootstrap method to select a global bandwidth for nonparametric out-of-sample prediction. The asymptotic theory is developed, and simulation studies show the successful operation of our method. The method is used to predict nonparametrically the salary of Spanish women if they were paid along the same wage equation as men, given their own characteristics

Bandwidth selection for statistical matching and prediction

Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.[Abstract]: While there exist many bandwidth selectors for estimation, bandwidth selection for statistical matching and prediction has hardly been studied so far. We introduce a computationally attractive selector for nonparametric out-of-sample prediction problems like data matching, impact evaluation, scenario simulations or imputing missings. Even though the method is bootstrap based, we can derive closed expressions for the criterion function which avoids the need of Monte Carlo approximations. We study both, asymptotic and finite sample performance. The derived consistency, convergence rate and extensive simulation studies show the successful operation of the selector. The method is illustrated by applying it to real data for studying the gender wage gap in Spain. Specifically, the salary of Spanish women is predicted nonparametrically by the wage equation estimated for men while conditioned on their own (i.e., women’s) characteristics. An important discrepancy between observed and predicted wages is found, exhibiting a serious gender wage gap.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C-2020-14Xunta de Galicia; ED481A-2017/215Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/01This research has been supported by the MICINN Grant PID2020-113578RB-I00. The first two authors have been supported by the MINECO Grant MTM2017-82724-R, and the Xunta de Galicia (Grupos de Referencia Competitiva ED431C-2020-14 and Centro de Investigación del Sistema Universitario de Galicia ED431G 2019/01), all of them through the ERDF. Furthermore, the first author acknowledges financial support from the Xunta de Galicia and the European Union (European Social Fund—ESF), ED481A-2017/215

Postnatal exposure to a progestin does not prevent uterine adenogenesis in domestic dogs

To assess the effects of a single supraphysiological postnatal administration of a progestogen on uterine glands in dogs, 10 females were randomly assigned to a medroxyprogesterone acetate 35 mg (MPA; n = 6) or placebo (n = 4) group within the first 24 h of birth. The safety of the treatment was also evaluated. A transient mild clitoris enlargement appeared in MPA-treated females. Microscopic postpubertal uterine assessment revealed the presence of uterine glands in all cases without significant differences in the area occupied by the glands per μm2 of endometrium nor in the height of the uterine epithelium.Fil: López Merlo, Mariana Lucía. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias. Centro de Fisiologia Reproductiva y Metodos Complementarios de Diagnostico.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ponchon, Tamara Janet. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Faya, Marcela Inés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Priotto, Marcelo Adrián. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Gobello, María Cristina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral y Fisiología Reproductiva; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Morphometric variables determination in porcine endometrial glands at 30 and 70 gestation days

Se determinaron las variables morfológicas, número, área de lumen y altura celular de las glándulas endometriales de la cerda gestante en una etapa temprana de 30 días y en una media tardía al día 70. Se obtuvieron muestras placentarias de 30 y 70 días de gestación, provenientes de frigoríficos de Río Cuarto (Córdoba, Argentina). Parte de las placentas fueron procesadas mediante la técnica para microscopía óptica convencional y destinados al análisis digital de la morfometría glandular. Otra parte fue procesada por la técnica de microscopía electrónica convencional para la técnica de MOAR. Se detectó un número significativamente mayor de glándulas endometriales en el día 30 de gestación respecto del día 70. El área de lumen glandular fue significativamente mayor al día 70 respecto del día 30 de gestación. La altura celular fue significativamente mayor en el día 30 de gestación. La técnica de MOAR permitió visualizar con mayor detalle el epitelio glandular y diferenciar células ciliadas de secretoras. En la gestación temprana, el crecimiento glandular es activo, hay numerosas glándulas y moderada actividad secretora. En la gestación media tardía, las glándulas endometriales no aumentan en número, pero sí en actividad secretora acompañando las crecientes demandas metabólicas del feto en desarrollo.Morphological variables, number, lumen area and cell height of the endometrial glands of the pregnant sow were determined at an early stage of 30 days and in a late average at day 70. Placental samples of 30 and 70 days of gestation were obtained from slaughterhouses from Río Cuarto, (Córdoba, Argentina). Part of the placentas were processed using the conventional optical microscopy technique and destined for digital analysis of glandular morphometry. Another part was processed by the conventional electron microscopy technique for the MOAR technique. A significantly higher number of endometrial glands was detected on day 30 of gestation compared to day 70. The glandular lumen area was significantly greater on day 70 compared to day 30 of gestation. Cell height was significantly higher on day 30 of gestation. The MOAR technique allowed visualizing the glandular epithelium in greater detail and differentiating ciliated from secretory cells. In early gestation, glandular growth is active, with numerous glands and moderate secretory activity. In late mid-gestation, the endometrial glands would not increase in number, but in secretory activity, accompanying the increasing metabolic demands of the developing fetus.Fil: Fiorimanti, Mariana Rita. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal. Área de Microscopia Electrónica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias.; ArgentinaFil: Cristofolini, Andrea Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal. Área de Microscopia Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Keisy Pabla. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal. Área de Microscopia Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Merkis, Cecilia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal. Área de Microscopia Electrónica; Argentin

Morphometric variables determination in porcine endometrial glands at 30 and 70 gestation days

Se determinaron las variables morfológicas, número, área de lumen y altura celular de las glándulas endometriales de la cerda gestante en una etapa temprana de 30 días y en una media tardía al día 70. Se obtuvieron muestras placentarias de 30 y 70 días de gestación, provenientes de frigoríficos de Río Cuarto (Córdoba, Argentina). Parte de las placentas fueron procesadas mediante la técnica para microscopía óptica convencional y destinados al análisis digital de la morfometría glandular. Otra parte fue procesada por la técnica de microscopía electrónica convencional para la técnica de MOAR. Se detectó un número significativamente mayor de glándulas endometriales en el día 30 de gestación respecto del día 70. El área de lumen glandular fue significativamente mayor al día 70 respecto del día 30 de gestación. La altura celular fue significativamente mayor en el día 30 de gestación. La técnica de MOAR permitió visualizar con mayor detalle el epitelio glandular y diferenciar células ciliadas de secretoras. En la gestación temprana, el crecimiento glandular es activo, hay numerosas glándulas y moderada actividad secretora. En la gestación media tardía, las glándulas endometriales no aumentan en número, pero sí en actividad secretora acompañando las crecientes demandas metabólicas del feto en desarrollo.Morphological variables, number, lumen area and cell height of the endometrial glands of the pregnant sow were determined at an early stage of 30 days and in a late average at day 70. Placental samples of 30 and 70 days of gestation were obtained from slaughterhouses from Río Cuarto, (Córdoba, Argentina). Part of the placentas were processed using the conventional optical microscopy technique and destined for digital analysis of glandular morphometry. Another part was processed by the conventional electron microscopy technique for the MOAR technique. A significantly higher number of endometrial glands was detected on day 30 of gestation compared to day 70. The glandular lumen area was significantly greater on day 70 compared to day 30 of gestation. Cell height was significantly higher on day 30 of gestation. The MOAR technique allowed visualizing the glandular epithelium in greater detail and differentiating ciliated from secretory cells. In early gestation, glandular growth is active, with numerous glands and moderate secretory activity. In late mid-gestation, the endometrial glands would not increase in number, but in secretory activity, accompanying the increasing metabolic demands of the developing fetus.Fil: Fiorimanti, Mariana Rita. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal. Área de Microscopia Electrónica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias.; ArgentinaFil: Cristofolini, Andrea Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal. Área de Microscopia Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Keisy Pabla. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal. Área de Microscopia Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Merkis, Cecilia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal. Área de Microscopia Electrónica; Argentin

Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020–May 2021)

Background: We estimated the association between the level of restriction in nine different fields of activity and SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility in Spain, from 15 September 2020 to 9 May 2021. Methods: A stringency index (0–1) was created for each Spanish province (n = 50) daily. A hierarchical multiplicative model was fitted. The median of coefficients across provinces (95% bootstrap confidence intervals) quantified the effect of increasing one standard deviation in the stringency index over the logarithmic return of the weekly percentage variation of the 7-days SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, lagged 12 days. Results: Overall, increasing restrictions reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission by 22% (RR = 0.78; one-sided 95%CI: 0, 0.82) in 1 week, with highest effects for culture and leisure 14% (0.86; 0, 0.98), social distancing 13% (0.87; 0, 0.95), indoor restaurants 10% (0.90; 0, 0.95) and indoor sports 6% (0.94; 0, 0.98). In a reduced model with seven fields, culture and leisure no longer had a significant effect while ceremonies decreased transmission by 5% (0.95; 0, 0.96). Models R2 was around 70%. Conclusion: Increased restrictions decreased COVID-19 transmission. Limitations include remaining collinearity between fields, and somewhat artificial quantification of qualitative restrictions, so the exact attribution of the effect to specific areas must be done with caution.This work has been partially supported by GAIN (Galician Innovation Agency) and the Regional Ministry of Economy, Employment and Industry, Xunta de Galicia IN845D 2020/26 (Grant COV20/00604) through the ERDF (2014-2020). The research of DGU has been financed in part by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación under grants PID2021-122154NB-I00 and TED2021-129455B-I00, and by a 2021 BBVA Foundation project for research in Mathematics. He also acknowledges support from the EU under the 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme and the Department of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia (FEDER-UCA18-108393).S

Modeling the Number of People Infected With SARS-COV-2 From Wastewater Viral Load in Northwest Spain

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] The quantification of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in wastewater has emerged as a useful tool to monitor COVID–19 outbreaks in the community. This approach was implemented in the metropolitan area of A Coruña (NW Spain), where wastewater from a treatment plant was analyzed to track the epidemic dynamics in a population of 369,098 inhabitants. Viral load detected in the wastewater and the epidemiological data from A Coruña health system served as main sources for statistical models developing. Regression models described here allowed us to estimate the number of infected people (R2 = 0.9), including symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. These models have helped to understand the real magnitude of the epidemic in a population at any given time and have been used as an effective early warning tool for predicting outbreaks in A Coruña municipality. The methodology of the present work could be used to develop a similar wastewater-based epidemiological model to track the evolution of the COVID–19 epidemic anywhere in the world where centralized water-based sanitation systems exist.This work was supported by EDAR Bens S.A., A Coruña, Spain [grant references INV04020, INV12120 and INV05921 to MP], the National Plan for Scientific Research, Development and Technological Innovation 2013-2016 funded by the ISCIII, Spain - General Subdirection of Assessment and Promotion of the Research-European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “A way of making Europe” [grant numbers PI15/00860 to GB, PI17/01482 and PI20/00413 to MP], the GAIN, Xunta de Galicia, Spain [grant number IN607A 2016/22 to GB, ED431C-2016/015 and ED431C-2020/14 to RC, ED431C 2017/58 to SL, ED431G 2019/01 to RC and SL, and ED431C 2017/66 to MCV], MINECO, Spain [grant number MTM2017-82724-R to RC], Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain [grant number PID2020-113578RB-100 to RC], and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD16/0016/006 to GB]. The work was also supported by the European Virus Archive Global (EVA-GLOBAL) project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme under grant agreement no 871029. SR-F was financially supported by REIPI RD16/0016/006, KC-P by IN607A 2016/22 and the Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC) and JAV by IN607A 2016/22. Funding for open access charge: Universidade da Coruña/CISUGEDAR Bens S.A.; INV04020EDAR Bens S.A.; INV12120EDAR Bens S.A.; INV05921Xunta de Galicia; IN607A 2016/22Xunta de Galicia; ED431C-2016/015Xunta de Galicia; ED431C-2020/14Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2017/58Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/01Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2017/6

Wastewater early warning system for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and variants in a Coruña, Spain

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract]: Wastewater-based epidemiology has been widely used as a cost-effective method for tracking the COVID-19 pandemic at the community level. Here we describe COVIDBENS, a wastewater surveillance program running from June 2020 to March 2022 in the wastewater treatment plant of Bens in A Coruña (Spain). The main goal of this work was to provide an effective early warning tool based in wastewater epidemiology to help in decision-making at both the social and public health levels. RT-qPCR procedures and Illumina sequencing were used to weekly monitor the viral load and to detect SARS-CoV-2 mutations in wastewater, respectively. In addition, own statistical models were applied to estimate the real number of infected people and the frequency of each emerging variant circulating in the community, which considerable improved the surveillance strategy. Our analysis detected 6 viral load waves in A Coruña with concentrations between 103 and 106 SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/L. Our system was able to anticipate community outbreaks during the pandemic with 8-36 days in advance with respect to clinical reports and, to detect the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in A Coruña such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA.2) in wastewater with 42, 30, and 27 days, respectively, before the health system did. Data generated here helped local authorities and health managers to give a faster and more efficient response to the pandemic situation, and also allowed important industrial companies to adapt their production to each situation. The wastewater-based epidemiology program developed in our metropolitan area of A Coruña (Spain) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic served as a powerful early warning system combining statistical models with mutations and viral load monitoring in wastewater over time.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Funding for open access charge: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG. This work was supported by EDAR Bens S.A., A Coruña, Spain [grant references INV04020, INV12120, INV05921, and INV148721 to MP], by the National Plan for Scientific Research, Development and Technological Innovation funded by the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain—General Subdirection of Assessment and Promotion of the Research-European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “A way of making Europe” [grant references PI15/00860 to GB, PI17/01482, and PI20/00413 to MP], by the Galician Innovation Agency (GAIN) (Xunta de Galicia, Spain) [grant references IN607A 2016/22 to GB, ED431C-2016/015 and ED431C-2020/14 to RC, ED431C 2021/53 to SL and ED431G 2019/01 and COV20/00604 to RC and SL, by Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation (MINECO), Spain [grant references MTM2017-82724-R to RC], by the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD16/0016/0006 to GB], by the “Innova Saúde” Program, (INNOVAMICROLAB project) co-founded by the Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by the Spanish Network of Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), and by the European Virus Archive Global (EVA-GLOBAL) project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 871029. SR-F was financially supported by REIPI RD16/0016/006, KC-P by IN607A 2016/22 and the Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC) and JAV by IN607A 2016/22. DP was funded by grant EPICOVIGAL FONDO SUPERA-COVID19 from Banco Santander-CSIC-CRUE, Spain, and grant CT850A-2 from (Health Knowledge Agency) ACIS SERGAS from the Consellería de Sanidade of Xunta de Galicia, Spain.EDAR Bens S.A.; INV04020EDAR Bens S.A.; INV12120EDAR Bens S.A.; INV05921EDAR Bens S.A.; INV148721Xunta de Galicia; IN607A 2016/22Xunta de Galicia; ED431C-2016/015Xunta de Galicia; ED431C-2020/14Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/53Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/01Xunta de Galicia; COV20/0060

Placentary efficiency in nutritionally restricted goats during gestation

La nutrición materna condiciona el desarrollo placentario y el correcto intercambio nutricional materno-fetal, afectando directamente el peso al nacimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la restricción nutricional durante la gestación sobre la eficiencia placentaria en cabras, el peso placentario, el peso y el sexo de los cabritos. Se utilizaron 10 cabras Anglo-Nubian en el Departamento de Nutrición Animal de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, las cuales fueron sincronizadas artificialmente y servidas por monta natural. Luego de comprobar su preñez, fueron separadas en un grupo control (C) (n=5) y un grupo restringidas nutricionalmente a partir del segundo tercio de gestación (R) (n=5). Las placentas obtenidas luego de la parición fueron recolectadas y pesadas, en ese momento se realizó el pesaje y el sexado de los cabritos. El análisis estadístico de la eficiencia placentaria no reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo C y el grupo R (p=0,2935), aunque, fue posible observar una tendencia de mayor eficiencia placentaria en el grupo R coincidente con placentas más pequeñas y menor peso de los cabritos. No se observó asociación entre la eficiencia placentaria con el sexo de los cabritos (p= 0,7127). El aumento de la eficiencia placentaria podría explicarse por cambios en la histoarquitectura celular y vascular, para compensar el transporte de nutrientes a través de la placenta. En este estudio se evidencia una tendencia a una mayor eficiencia placentaria en las cabras sometidas a una restricción nutricional de tipo energética durante la gestación debido a la disminución del peso al nacimiento de los cabritos y del peso placentario.Maternal nutrition conditions placental development and the correct maternal-fetal nutritional exchange, directly affecting birth weight. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutritional restriction during pregnancy on placental efficiency in goats, placental weight, weight and sex of the kids. 10 Anglo-Nubian goats were used in the Department of Animal Nutrition of the National University of Río Cuarto, which were artificially synchronized and served by natural riding. After checking their pregnancy, they were separated into a control group (C) (n=5) and a group nutritionally restricted from the second third of gestation (R) (n=5). The placentas obtained after calving were collected and weighed, at that time the weighing and sexing of the goats was also carried out. The statistical analysis of placental efficiency did not reveal statistically significant differences between group C and R (p=0.2935), although it was possible to observe a tendency to higher placental efficiency in group R, coinciding with smaller placentas and lower weight of the kids. No association was observed between placental efficiency and the sex of the kids (p=0.7127). The increase in placental efficiency could be explained by changes in the cellular and vascular histoarchitecture, to compensate for the transport of nutrients through the placenta. This study shows a trend towards greater placental efficiency in goats subjected to an energy-related nutritional restriction during gestation due to the decrease in the birth weight of the kids and the placental weight.Fil: Fiorimanti, Mariana Rita. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Cristofolini, Andrea Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Benzoni, Anabela. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; ArgentinaFil: Bozzo, Aida Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Anatomía Animal; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Tomás. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Anatomia Animal. Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Embriologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Flores Bracamonte, María Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Anatomia Animal. Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Embriologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Audap Soubie, Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Clínica Animal; ArgentinaFil: Coniglio, María Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Producción Animal. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal; ArgentinaFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Micología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Merkis, Cecilia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentin