The impact of corporate social responsibility activities on stakeholders' value co‐creation behaviour

AbstractThis paper analyses the relationships between corporate social responsible employees, corporate social responsible suppliers and customer value co‐creation behaviour in banking industry. More in detail it aims to investigate the mediating effect of relationship marketing orientation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and customer value co‐creation behaviour. Data collected from 383 banking customers are analysed through smart partial least square (PLS). The results highlight that corporate social responsible employees and suppliers have a positive impact on customer value co‐creation behaviour. Moreover, relationship marketing orientation has a mediating role between CSR activities and customer value co‐creation behaviour

Defense against Malicious Users in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Using Genetic Algorithm

In cognitive radio network (CRN), secondary users (SUs) try to sense and utilize the vacant spectrum of the legitimate primary user (PU) in an efficient manner. The process of cooperation among SUs makes the sensing more authentic with minimum disturbance to the PU in achieving maximum utilization of the vacant spectrum. One problem in cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is the occurrence of malicious users (MUs) sending false data to the fusion center (FC). In this paper, the FC takes a global decision based on the hard binary decisions received from all SUs. Genetic algorithm (GA) using one-to-many neighbor distance along with z-score as a fitness function is used for the identification of accurate sensing information in the presence of MUs. The proposed scheme is able to avoid the effect of MUs in CSS without identification of MUs. Four types of abnormal SUs, opposite malicious user (OMU), random opposite malicious user (ROMU), always yes malicious user (AYMU), and always no malicious user (ANMU), are discussed in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed hard fusion scheme has surpassed the existing hard fusion scheme, equal gain combination (EGC), and maximum gain combination (MGC) schemes by employing GA

Photocatalytic Denitrification of Nitrate Using Fe-TiO2-Coated Clay Filters

In this work, 3D-structured clay filters were prepared and coated with iron-doped tita- nium dioxide (Fe-TiO2) using 3D printing and sol–gel soaking and calcination techniques. Three- dimensional printing was employed to mold and shape the clay filters before annealing. The coated and uncoated filters were characterized for different properties, i.e., morphology, optical properties, and crystalline structure, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV/Vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FESEM images show uniform coatings of round-shaped Fe-TiO2 on the tiny pore of the clay filter. The optical energy band gap of the obtained coating was around 2.8 eV, estimated by Tauc’s plot, compared with 3.2 eV of pristine anatase TiO2. The XRD spectra data processed through XRD software revealed the coatings of TiO2 on the filter surface with the obtained phase of anatase. The photocatalytic performance of bare and coated filters was initially tested for the degradation of indigo carmine (IC) dye and the obtained results suggested the photocatalytic degradation of IC dye by the Fe-TiO2 clay filter compared with the bare filter. Afterward, the deni- trification of nitrate NO3 at various concentrations was performed using Fe-TiO2-coated clay filters and analyzing the total nitrogen (TN) analysis and reduction of NO3 to nitrite (NO2−), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and nitrogen gas (N2). The TN analysis revealed up to 81% denitrification efficiency of the 30 ppm NO3 solution with the photocatalytic response of the Fe-TiO2-coated filter. The results revealed that the Fe-TiO2-coated clay filter has a high potential for denitrification applications under natural sunlight

اردو کا پس منظری مطالعہ

The word "Urdu" is used actually in two meanings. One is literal or verbal meaning i.e. 'Army' لLashkar) and the second is idiomatic conventional or secondary meaning i.e. 'Language' which is spoken. Therefore in this article explained the both comprehensions videlicet fundamental relations between language لUrdu) and army لUrdu). It must be impressed in the mind that Urdu is the language of heart, and the hearts of the people of "Islamic Jamhoriya Pakistan" are palpitates now, so Inshaallah Urdu will remain as a throb in our hearts till the last day.</p

Efficacy of Laser Capsulotomy in the Treatment of Posterior Capsule Opacification

Background: Neodymium – Ytrium – Aluminim – Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy is an effective treatment of posterior capsule opacification , but is not without its attendant risks Methods: In this interventional study, 200 Eyes with posterior capsule opacification (PCO) were subjected to Nd:YAG laser for posterior capsulotomy using ZEIS visualas YAG II plus system, under topical anaesthesia and dilated pupil with tropicamide eye drops with the help of Abraham Capsulotomy YAG Laser Lens. The patients were assessed for early complications after one hour, next day and after one week and the final visual acuity recorded with best correction. Results:Prior to Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy only 7% (14) patients had good best corrected visual acuity (6/18). After one week follow-up there was significant improvement in (73%) patients (122). The overall rate of early complications was 28.7%. Conclusion: The Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is a safe outdoor procedure with good visual outcome

catena-Poly[[triphenyltin(IV)]-mu-2-(cyclohexylaminocarbonyl)benzoat o-kappa 2 O 1:O 2]

In the title polymeric complex, [Sn(C6H5)(3)(C14H16NO3)] (n) , adjacent triphenyltin cations are bridged by the N-cyclohexylphthalamate anion through the carboxylate and carbonyl O atoms, forming a helical chain running along the b axis. The amide N atom is a hydrogen-bond donor to the uncoordinated carboxylate O atom. The geometry at the five-coordinate Sn atom is trans-C3SnO2 trigonal-bipyramidal

Management of Undisplaced and Minimally Displaced Colles’ Fracture with Thermoplastic Splint Versus Conventional Colles Casting

Background: To compare the outcome in Colles’ fracture treated with thermoplastic splint versus conventional Colles cast.Methods: In this observational study 62 patients having Colles fracture were included. Patients were placed in two groups; group A were treated with Colles’ cast while group B with Thermoplastic splint. Radiographic evaluation was done, using Antero-posterior and lateral view wrist radiographs. Functional outcome assessed with Gartland and Werley Score demerit system.Results: Out of 62 patients, 28 (45.1%) were male with mean age of 38.67 and 34(54.8%) were female patients having mean age of 47.20. The total number of patients that had excellent functional outcome was 34 out of 62 (54.8). The excellent functional outcome was achieved in 16(50%) patients treated with colles brace. However, in patients treated with thermoplastic splint the functional outcome was excellent in 18(60%) patients.Conclusion: Best functional outcome after the treatment of Colles’ fracture is achieved by the use of thermoplastic splint

Synthesis of indoles via intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization by using palladium-based catalysts

As part of natural products or biologically active compounds, the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles is becoming incredibly valuable. Palladium is a transition metal that is widely utilized as a catalyst to facilitate carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling; it is used in the synthesis of various heterocycles. This review includes the twelve years of successful indole synthesis using various palladium catalysts to establish carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen coupling, as well as the conditions that have been optimized

DIDDOS: An approach for detection and identification of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) cyberattacks using Gated Recurrent Units (GRU)

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks can put the communication networks in instability by throwing malicious traffic and requests in bulk over the network. Computer networks form a complex chain of nodes resulting in a formation of vigorous structure. Thus, in this scenario, it becomes a challenging task to provide an efficient and secure environment for the user. Numerous approaches have been adopted in the past to detect and prevent DDoS attacks but lack in providing efficient and reliable attack detection. As a result, there is still notable room for improvement in providing security against DDoS attacks. In this paper, a novel high-efficient approach is proposed named DIDDOS to protect against real-world new type DDoS attacks using Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) a type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Different classification algorithms such as Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Naive Bayes (NB), and Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) are utilized to detect and identify DDoS attacks. Performance evaluation metrics like accuracy, recall, f1-score, and precision are used to evaluate the efficiency of the machine and deep learning classifiers. Experimental results yield the highest accuracy of 99.69% for DDoS classification in case of reflection attacks and 99.94% for DDoS classification in case of exploitation attacks using GRU