Best Practices of the Economic Development Impact Study of Airports

Today airports are increasingly becoming full transport junctions. The location of their networks provides strategic benefits, which makes them possible to attract a wide range of economic activities, therefore to operate as new development poles. Nowadays it is widely accepted that the airports of Europe have considerable economic and social impacts on the surrounding regions. These impacts reach much deeper than the direct impacts an airport has on the environment of its operation, since the availability of air services are advantageous both for the regional business interests and for the consumers. Air transport means a fundamental infrastructural background, which facilitates the economic growth of the regions; furthermore, the global accessibility is one of the key factors of being successful in terms of the settlement of business activities and for every region in Europe. The primary aim of the study is the theoretical review of the impacts of airports on economy. In addition, the study makes an attempt to review and analyse the international benchmark examples developed for the analysis of the economic impacts of airports. Based on the international literature, the methods and procedures are identified which are theoretically suitable for the economic impact study of airports. Afterwards, the procedures are selected of which the methodological clarity is suitable to found the empirical study of the impacts of an optional airport on the local economy.

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES AT THE HUNGARIAN LABOUR MARKET

In present paper presenting the regional differences of the Hungarian labor market on the basis of individual survey, data collecting, and the statistics from the State Labor office was analyzed by the author. Also, The trends in the rate of unemployment and its structure in the past 13 years was also analyzed (computer based data collecting started in 1994.) The paper presenting the situation of unemployment from three points of view: regional, county and settlement. There is a significant difference between the two parts of Hungary. As we pas from the West to the East, the number of unemployment is rising as much. The research compares the different types of towns as well. There are county towns, two small towns near Budapest, an average developed district in Budapest, a small town in the rural region, one small industrial town, and one town at the Austrian-Hungarian border line in the West part of Hungary. The author studied the structure of unemployment from the following aspects: the level of registered unemployment, sexes, age groups, level of education.differences, labor market, regions, unemployment, Labor and Human Capital, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Coordonatele auditului in marketingul financiar-bancar - situatia din Romania

The general term of internal audit was established in relation to the financial accounting activity; this notion was gradually replaced by a new approach which expands the sphere of the audit so that the preoccupation for the future is very important for any audit activity. If forming and consolidating a favorable image of the bank among service consumers represents a marketing problem, then solving it requires numerous instruments from the marketing policies; the most important role is attributed to the audit. The final goal of the marketing audit is drawing up a table regarding the performances and the efficiency of the bank, in relation to the risks involved by financial institutions and its operations. In this respect, specialists in banking management have come up with different models of calculations and rating systems in their trials to obtain the most accurate scan of the “state of health” of the banks, and moreover in their trials to identify the institutions which face financial and operational difficulties leading to bankruptcy. The uniform bank rating system is a specific instrument for the supervising activity and has its origins in the USA ; it has later been borrowed by German, Italian, Great Britain authorities, which use influential components in their banking system; later on, their system was adopted by most central banks within the European Union. In Romania, the uniform bank rating system has been implemented by N.B.R. (the National Bank of Romania) since 2000; the specific components that were analyzed are: the capital adequacy (C), the quality of assets (A), the management (M), profitability (P), liquidities (L) and sensitivity (S) starting from the year 2005. For short, this system is called CAMPL. The evaluation of these specific elements represents an important criterion for establishing a compound rating, which means assigning scores to each bank. The compound rating for the banking system is established based on economic – financial indicators and prudence indicators.marketing audit; uniform bank rating system; the capital adequacy; the quality of assets ; sensitivity to market risk

THE EDUCATION AND THE DEMANDS OF LABOUR MARKET

In the present study the author intend to discuss the role of education in economy and the relationship between education and the current state of Hungarian labor market. Education became one of the largest sub-systems of modern societies in the past century. One of the most important endeavors of employment policy, according to Galasi, is to establish stronger harmony between training and employment. The key for the reduction of unemployment is that training should better serve labor market demands. We are astoundingly under informed about how a degree is exploited on the labor market, what is the expected time of the return of a certain qualification, and which degrees do not prevail without the return of investment.role of education, Hungary, problems, Labor and Human Capital, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

COMPARABLE VALUATION METHOD - A NEW APPROACH. CASE STUDY: A ROMANIAN FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING FIRM

This study presents the valuation scheme of a flexographic printing industry firm. The industry, the technology used and most importantly the firm being young ones, it is not possible to use the classical comparable valuation methods. The new approach in this matter is to use as benchmark financial ratios not those related to the price of the firm (as P/E, P/S, P/BV, P/CF, P/CAPEX), but those related to the structure of the income statement, financial and operating leverage using 13 Romanian and 6 Hungarian reference firms' data. Our main contribution to this line of research is to solve the problem of lack of reference data regarding the price, the benchmark companies not being listed on any stock exchange.mergers and acquisitions, corporate valuation, free cash flow, comparable valuation method, benchmarking

LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKING

The objective of this paper is to provide a global perspective of the liquidity risk from a banking societies‘ viewpoint. Our paper belongs to the technical studies that analyze the concrete way in measuring the liquidity risk at the level of the banking societies from Romania. The study is structured on chapters that present the theoretical background in liquidity risk management and new trends in measuring, monitoring and controlling liquidity risk. Also, the paper contains a study cases part, which presents the actual stage and the challenges of the measuring the liquidity risk. We try to underline the importance of a flexible banking system, which should be able to measure and forecast its prospective cash flows for assets, liabilities, off-balance sheet commitments and derivatives over a variety of time horizons, under normal conditions and a range of stress scenarios, including scenarios of severe stress.liquidity risk,, simple net liabilities, cumulated net liabilities, liquidity, rate, average maturities transformation, immediate liquidity

A munkaerőpiaci kihívásoknak való megfelelés érvényesítése a szakképzésben

Magyarországon a kiváló természeti adottságokból kifolyólag a mezőgazdaság tradicionális tevékenységnek számít. Az ágazat nemzetgazdasági súlya azonban jelentősen csökkent, ami kihat az agrárképzésbe jelentkezők számára, összetételére és a tőlük elvárható követelményekre. Míg a rendszerváltás előtt tanult diákok szinte biztosra vehették, hogy a végzés után egy nagyüzemben állás és karrier lehetősége vár rájuk, addig napjainkban ezt csak kevesek tudhatják magukénak. A mezőgazdasági ágazatban szerény az új beruházók száma és a beruházások volumene, a munkaerőpiacra inkább a munkaerőkínálat, semmint az igény a jellemző

Orvosi pályaszocializáció a hallgatók boncolással kapcsolatos élményeinek tükrében. Szakirodalmi áttekintés = The effect of experiences with dissection on medical students’ professional development

A holttestekkel, boncolással kapcsolatos tapasztalatok a megfelelő orvosi attitűd kialakulásában játszott szerepük miatt döntőnek bizonyulnak a medikusok professzionalizációjában. Az itt szerzett élmények beavatási rítusnak (Gennep, 1960) is tekinthetők, melynek következtében a laikus látásmód átalakul egy szakértőibb, tudományosabb szemléletmóddá. Hogy ezek az élmények sajátosságukból adódóan gyakorta jelentenek stresszforrást vagy szorongást a hallgatók számára, az szinte magától értetődő, mégis az érzelmi hatásokkal egyáltalán nem vagy csak alig foglalkozott eddig az orvosképzés, a hallgatókat magukra hagyva a megküzdésben. Bizonyítékok szólnak amellett, hogy a feldolgozás sikeressége a megfelelő pályaszocializáció segítője, de ugyanakkor hátráltatója is lehet. A boncolással kapcsolatos élmények feltérképezése, hatásainak megértése és a szakirodalomban gyakran nem egyértelműfogalmak tisztázása hozzájárulhat ahhoz, hogy a pályaszocializáció folyamatát megfelelő módszerekkel segíteni tudjuk, és nyíltabbá tegyük e tárgyaknak – a korszerű, tudományos ismeretek átadása mellett – egy nagyon fontos feladatát, a humanista értékek közvetítésén keresztül az orvos–beteg kapcsolat optimalizálását. Jelen írásunk célja a témában megjelent fontosabb szakirodalom áttekintése, a potenciális kutatási irányok ismertetése. | The experiences of medical students from dissecting room are decisive in their professional development. The human cadaver dissection has great importance as an educational tool in technical and emotional training having the function – as an rite du passage (Gennep, 1960) – to develop the appropriate medical attitude, helping students in transition from the laic approach to the scientific one. These experiences often produce anxiety or stress, which are considered normal reactions to such exposures but coping with these emotional states could be difficult for some students. Several studies reported that the way of coping has an important role in medical socialization; however, it could also be a risk factor for mental health or even for effective doctor–patient relationship. The sufficient exploration of students’ emotional and cognitive reactions and the proper understanding of this process could help the development of innovative strategies in education helping to fulfill a very important objective of these subjects: to mediate humanistic values. Our purpose with this review article is to present the most important research findings in this topic