MEMAHAMI MEKANISME GEJALA DEPRESI DAN KEDUKAAN: PERAN JERAT KOGNITIF SEBAGAI MEDIATOR

Proses kedukaan merupakan fenomena yang umum dialami oleh setiap orang. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa gejala kedukaan berkorelasi dengan gejala depresi, namun belum banyak penelitian yang mengeksplorasi mekanisme hubungan antara keduanya. Penelitian ini mencoba membuktikan bahwa jerat kognitif menjadi mediator hubungan antara gejala depresi dengan gejala kedukaan. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan regresi berbasis mediasi dilakukan kepada dewasa muda yang mengalami kedukaan akibat kematian (N = 112). Gejala depresi diukur dengan Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), gejala kedukaan yang kompleks diukur dengan Complicated Grief Inventory (CGI), dan jeratan kognitif diukur dengan Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jerat kognitif memediasi secara parsial hubungan antara gejala depresi dan gejala kedukaan (ab = .38, p < 0.001; 95% CI [.14, .70]). Semakin tinggi gejala depresi, maka akan semakin tinggi pula jerat kognitif individu yang akan diikuti dengan peningkatan gejala kedukaan. Oleh karena itu, mengintervensi aspek kognitif merupakan hal yang krusial untuk menurunkan gejala kedukaan

Psychological Inflexibility and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) Behavior among Emerging Adults: Life Satisfaction as Moderator

This study aims to examine the role of life satisfaction level as a moderator in the correlation between psychological inflexibility and NSSI behavior. Self-harm behavior without any intention to commit suicide (non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)) is now widely practiced by adolescents and young adults. Participants in this study were 224 participants aged 18-29 years (average age 22.21 years, 81.3% female). Life satisfaction levels were measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), psychological inflexibility was measured using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and NSSI behavior was measured using the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Function Scale (NSSI-FS). Moderation analysis was done using Hayes 4.0. The results of the moderation analysis show that level of life satisfaction significantly moderates the relationship between psychological inflexibility and NSSI behavior. This is consistent with the research hypothesis, namely the level of life satisfaction can weaken the relationship between psychological inflexibility and NSSI behavior. Therefore it can be concluded that individuals can weaken the effects of psychological inflexibility by increasing their life satisfaction

MEMAHAMI PENERIMAAN DALAM KEDUKAAN: KEDUKAAN DAN KETERJERATAN KOGNITIF

Kedukaan dapat muncul setelah kehilangan orang yang dicintai. Terlepas dari rasa sakit akibat kehilangan, pandemi COVID-19 telah membatasi orang-orang dari melakukan ritual berduka yang biasanya dilakukan. Ditambah lagi, pengaruh COVID-19 yang berdampak ke kehidupan individu yang lebih luas sehingga, menghasilkan berbagai tekanan dalam kehidupan individu. Hal ini dapat menjadikan respons kedukaan yang dialami oleh seseorang menjadi lebih kompleks dan menghasilkan complicated grief. Salah satu faktor yang diduga memiliki kaitan dengan complicated grief yaitu adanya jerat kognitif. Namun, belum terdapat penelitian yang melihat bagaimana hubungan antara jerat kognitif dan kedukaan. Variabel yang diduga memiliki kaitan erat dengan keduanya adalah tingkat penerimaan akan pikiran dan emosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara jerat kognitif dengan gejala complicated grief yang dimediasi oleh tingkat penerimaan pada dewasa muda yang mengalami kehilangan akibat kematian. Studi kuantitatif kepada partisipan dewasa muda dilakukan dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis mediasi. Gejala complicated grief diukur dengan Complicated Grief Inventory (CGI), jeratan kognitif diukur dengan Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) dan penerimaan diukur melalui Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II (AAQ-II). Dari 107 partisipan, penerimaan memediasi secara penuh hubungan antara jerat kognitif dengan gejala complicated grief (ab = .53, p < 0.001; 95% CI [.15, .89]. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa cognitive fusion dapat memprediksi gejala complicated grief dengan penurunan tingkat penerimaan terhadap pengalaman internal

Psychological Inflexibility and Loneliness in Young Adults: The Role of Hope as a Mediator

Young adulthood (18-29 years of age) is the most unstable period of the life span when changes in intimate relationships and work are the common issues. This period is closely related to various mental health problems, such as loneliness. This study aims to determine the role of hope as a mediator between psychological inflexibility and loneliness in young adults. Research participants were 230 participants who were in the young adulthood stage (18-29 years of age). Loneliness was measured using UCLA Loneliness Scale-6 (ULS-6), psychological inflexibility was measured using Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), and hope was measured using The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (AHS). Mediation analysis was done using Hayes PROCESS MACRO (Model 4). The results of the analysis show that hope has a mediating role in the relationship between psychological inflexibility and loneliness in young adults. The implication of this research is that it can be used as a consideration for selecting interventions that focus on increasing psychological flexibility and hope when dealing with loneliness in young adults

Efektivitas Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) Berbasis Web untuk Menurunkan Experiential Avoidance pada Mahasiswa

Mahasiswa rentan mengalami distres psikologis. Akan tetapi, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang menghambat mahasiswa untuk mendapatkan intervensi psikologis, yakni jumlah praktisi kesehatan mental yang terbatas, keterbatasan waktu, gejala permasalahan psikologis tertentu, dan stigma. Solusi alternatif untuk permasalahan tersebut adalah Acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) berbasis web. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas ACT berbasis web dalam menurunkan experiential avoidance pada mahasiswa yang mengalami distres psikologis. Terdapat 38 partisipan yang mengikuti intervensi. Akan tetapi, hanya terdapat 12 partisipan dengan data yang lengkap dan dapat diolah untuk menguji efektivitas intervensi. Pengukuran dilakukan pada tahap pra-intervensi, pasca-intervensi dan follow up. Analisis Friedman dan Wilcoxon menunjukan bahwa ACT berbasis web efektif untuk menurunkan experiential avoidance dan distress psikologis secara signifikan. Semua hasil yang signifikan dapat dipertahankan pada dua minggu setelah intervensi. Hasil penelitian berkontribusi terhadap literatur mengenai penerimaan dan efektivitas intervensi psikologis berbasis web serta menyediakan platform untuk meningkatkan akses ke perawatan berbasis bukti. Keterbatasan penelitian dijelaskan pada bagian diskusi

ACT untuk Meningkatkan PGI Mahasiswa Sarjana yang Mengalami Depresi, Kecemasan, atau Stres

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention in improving personal growth initiative (PGI) in undergraduate students who experience depression, anxiety, or stress. Levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42), while PGI was measured using the Personal Growth Initiative Scale II (PGIS-II). One-group pretest-posttest design with additional follow-up measurement were used in this study. Assessments were conducted before, after and two weeks after the intervention was implemented. The web-based ACT intervention was carried out for one month using Universitas Indonesia's Student Centered e-Learning Environment (SCeLE) system and consisted of eight sessions. Data processing using Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed that PGI significantly increased (p < 0.017) following the web-based ACT intervention. This study also showed that the level of depression, anxiety, and stress of undergraduate students significantly reduced (p < 0.017) following the web-based ACT intervention.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas intervensi Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) berbasis web dalam meningkatkan personal growth initiative (PGI) pada mahasiswa sarjana yang mengalami depresi, kecemasan, atau stres. Tingkat depresi, kecemasan, dan stres diukur dengan menggunakan Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42), sedangkan PGI diukur dengan menggunakan Personal Growth Initiative Scale II (PGIS-II). Desain one-group pretest-posttest dengan tambahan pengukuran follow-up digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Asesmen dilakukan sebelum, sesudah, dan dua minggu setelah intervensi dilaksanakan. Intervensi ACT berbasis web berlangsung selama satu bulan dengan menggunakan sistem Student Centered e-Learning Environment (SCeLE) Universitas Indonesia dan terdiri dari delapan sesi. Pengolahan data menggunakan Friedman Test dan Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test menunjukkan bahwa PGI meningkat secara signifikan (p < 0,017) setelah intervensi ACT berbasis web. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tingkat depresi, kecemasan, dan stres mahasiswa sarjana menurun secara signifikan (p < 0,017) setelah intervensi ACT berbasis web

The Role of Water Supply and Sanitation During Floods: Case Study of Flood Disaster in Five Regions of Jakarta

Jakarta lies in low-lying deltas served by the Ciliwung River and many other small rivers. Due to overpopulation in Jakarta, green open spaces are diminishing. Since infiltration capacities of land in Jakarta have decreased, surface runoff has become more extensive. As a result, Jakarta is often stricken by flood disasters which affect human life, property, and urban infrastructures. The objectives of this study are to identify and develop mitigation strategies during flood disasters for communities and urban infrastructures, including facilities that supply water for daily use as well as drinking water, and also sanitation facilities. Primary data was collected during field surveys, while secondary data represents information obtained from relevant literature. The results of this study show that the average height of water during flooding was about 1 meter, and the highest level reported as 4 meters. The time required to fully drain the flooding areas is typically about five days. However, the degree of damage to buildings and property is relatively minor during a flood. The study also reveals that residents who have lived in their houses more than 25 years generally had been hit by floods at least two times. Thus, these communities demonstrated that they had learned from their experiences to prepare themselves for future flooding to reduce the extent of damage, suffering, and loss. Public guidelines for mitigating damages caused by flood disasters should be developed and followed with communication and explanation to the communities within the various regions of Jakarta. The water supply facilities, such as reservoirs, and sanitation facilities should ensure that water tanks are made available to every shelter and campground, and that permanent public toilets are provided

Psychological Inflexibility Moderates Stress and Loneliness in Depression Among Indonesian College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on college students’ mental health. Recent studies have found increased perceived stress and loneliness during the pandemic, which are significant risk factors for depression. However, few researchers have specifically discussed the particular factors that can exacerbate the impact of these risk factors on depression. Psychological inflexibility is said to have an important role in facilitating the development of mental health problems. The current study explored the role of psychological inflexibility in moderating perceived stress and loneliness in depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted to assess college students’ sociodemographic information, perceived stress, loneliness, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 941 Indonesian college students (age range = 18-39 years old, 74% female) were analyzed using correlation analysis and SPSS macro PROCESS moderation analysis. Several sociodemographic factors such as age, marital status, previous mental health record, education level, perceived impact of COVID-19, income, and financial status were significantly associated with depression and psychological inflexibility, and were thus controlled as covariates. As predicted, higher psychological inflexibility was associated with higher perceived stress, loneliness, and depression. Results showed psychological inflexibility elevated the effect of both perceived stress and loneliness on the depression level. These findings support previous literature regarding the significant role of psychological inflexibility in moderating the development of depression, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the findings, it is recommended that alternative interventions are implemented to inhibit the development of depression by decreasing psychological inflexibility, while considering sociodemographic factors. Keywords: OVID-19 pandemic, college student, depression, psychological Inflexibility, perceived stress, lonelines

High-level fuzzy linguistic features of facial components in human emotion recognition

Emotion is an important element in an interaction since it conveys human perception and response of an event. Unlike verbal words that can be manipulated, emotion is brief, spontaneous and provides more honest information. There are several classes of basic primary human emotions that differ from one another.These classes are happy, sad, fearful, surprised, disgusted, and angry. Meanwhile, a psychologist has developed a set of rules to recognize emotions based on facial expressions. This research aims to develop an artificial intelligent model based on psychological knowledge to recognize emotions by analyzing facial expressions. Moreover, the proposed model has defined high-level fuzzy linguistic features of facial components which distinguish it from existing methods that commonly use lowlevel image features (e.g. color, intensity, histogram, texture). High-level linguistic features (e.g. opened eyes, wrinkled nose) are better at representing human minds than low-level features which are only understood by machines. The model functions by detecting facial points first to locate important facial components; then extracting geometric facial components features which are then applied to a fuzzy facial components inference system resulting in high-level linguistic facial features. In the last step, the high-level linguistic features are applied to a fuzzy emotion inference system which classifies the input image into its respective emotion class based on psychological rules. Experiments conducted using facial expression dataset gave a high accuracy rate of 98.26% for fuzzy facial components linguistic identification. The proposed model also outperformed other classifiers (Fuzzy C-Means, Fuzzy Inference System, and Support Vector Machine). This intelligent model can contribute in various fields, including psychology, health, and education, especially in helping people with emotional disorders (e.g. Alexithymia, Asperger syndrome, and Autism) to recognize emotions

Meningkatkan Kepuasan Perkawinan Melalui Aktivitas Menghitung Kebaikan

Ketidakpuasan dalam perkawinan tidak hanya berdampak pada hubungan perkawinan, tetapi juga pada diri individu, seperti menurunnya kesehatan psikologis dan peningkatan stres psikologis dan kecenderungan depresi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji efektivitas aktivitas menghitung kebaikan dalam meningkatkan kepuasan perkawinan. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 62 orang yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen diminta untuk melaporkan kebaikan yang ia lakukan kepada pasangannya selama 7 hari berturut-turut. Kepuasan perkawinan partisipan diukur sebanyak 2 kali (pre-test dan post-test), dengan menggunakan Enrich Marital Satisfaction (EMS) yang sudah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kepuasan perkawinan yang signifikan antara kelompok yang melakukan aktivitas menghitung kebaikan dan yang tidak melakukan aktivitas menghitung kebaikan. Akan tetapi, partisipan pada kelompok eksperimen menunjukkan tingkat kepuasan perkawinan yang meningkat sesudah melakukan aktivitas menghitung kebaikan, walaupun tidak signifikan