6 research outputs found
Les carriÚres des non-titulaires du secteur public : analyse rétrospective et projections
Les non-titulaires reprĂ©sentent une part non nĂ©gligeable de la main dâĆuvre du secteur public (environ 20 % en 2011), part qui sâest accrue au cours des deux derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Ces emplois offrent une plus grande flexibilitĂ© de la gestion des ressources humaines du secteur public par lâadaptation aux variations de lâactivitĂ© et le recrutement de personnels aux compĂ©tences nouvelles. Ils reprĂ©sentent nĂ©anmoins un risque de prĂ©carisation dâune partie des agents du secteur public qui explique des efforts rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©s pour limiter le recours Ă lâemploi non-titulaire par un cadre rĂ©glementaire contraignant, voire le rĂ©duire par des politiques de titularisation.Au-delĂ de lâopposition entre ces deux logiques, cette Ă©tude vise Ă apporter des Ă©lĂ©ments quantifiĂ©s permettant de mieux comprendre le recours aux non-titulaires dans le secteur public et son Ă©volution rĂ©cente afin dâĂ©laborer les projections de son Ă©volution future.Trois bases de donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es afin dâanalyser lâemploi des non-titulaires. La premiĂšre, au centre de ce projet, est la base administrative du rĂ©gime des non-titulaires de la fonction publique, lâIrcantec. Elle contient des informations sur les caractĂ©ristiques des emplois et des employeurs pour lâensemble des pĂ©riodes de cotisation Ă lâIrcantec pour les individus nĂ©s au mois dâoctobre de 1971 Ă 2011 ; cette base fournit une source dâinformation complĂšte sur lâemploi non titulaire qui nâavait encore jamais Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©e Ă des fins de recherche universitaire. Les donnĂ©es de lâĂ©chantillon inter-rĂ©gimes des cotisants (EIC) de 2009 ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es, et ont Ă©tĂ© appariĂ©es statistiquement aux donnĂ©es de lâIrcantec pour obtenir une vision dâensemble de la carriĂšre des cotisants. Enfin, les donnĂ©es des enquĂȘtes Emploi de lâInsee, de 1980 Ă 2011, ont Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©es, offrant une analyse plus fine des caractĂ©ristiques des non titulaires et des emplois quâils occupent
Fatigue Measured in Dynamic Versus Isometric Modes After Trail Running Races of Various Distances
International audiencePurpose : Fatigue has previously been investigated in trail running by comparing maximal isometric force before and after the race. Isometric contractions may not entirely reflect fatigue-induced changes, and therefore dynamic evaluation is warranted. The aim of the present study was to compare the magnitude of the decrement of maximal isometric force versus maximal power, force, and velocity after trail running races ranging from 40 to 170Â km. Methods : Nineteen trail runners completed races shorter than 60Â km, and 21 runners completed races longer than 100Â km. Isometric maximal voluntary contractions (IMVCs) of knee extensors and plantar flexors and maximal 7-second sprints on a cycle ergometer were performed before and after the event. Results : Maximal power output ( P max ; â14% [11%], P Conclusions : After a trail running race, reductions in isometric versus dynamic forces were correlated, yet they are not interchangeable because the losses in isometric force were 2 to 3 times greater than the reductions in P max and F 0 . This study also shows that the effect of race distance on fatigue measured in isometric mode is true when measured in dynamic mode
Comparison of Transient Elastography, ShearWave Elastography, Magnetic Resonance Elastography and FibroTest as routine diagnostic markers for assessing liver fibrosis in children with Cystic Fibrosis
International audienceBackground and Objective: Reliable markers are needed for early diagnosis and follow-up of liver disease in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Transient Elastography (TE), Real-Time ShearWave Ultrasound Elastography (SWE), Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) and the FibroTest as markers of Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease (CFLD).Methods: A monocentric prospective cross-modality comparison study was proposed to all children (6 to 18 years of age) attending the CF center. Based on liver ultrasound findings, participants were classified into 3 groups: multinodular liver or portal hypertension (Nodular US/PH, advanced CFLD), heterogeneous increased echogenicity (Heterogeneous US, CFLD) or neither (Normal/Homogeneous US, no CFLD). The 4 tests were performed on the same day. The primary outcome was the FibroTest value and liver stiffness measurements (LSM).Results: 55 participants (mean age 12.6 ± 3.3 years; 25 girls) were included between 2015 and 2018: 23 in group Nodular US/PH, 8 in group Heterogeneous US and 24 in group Normal/Homogeneous US (including 4 with steatosis). LSM on TE, SWE and MRE were higher in participants with CFLD (groups Nodular US/PH and Heterogeneous US) compared to others (group Normal/Homogeneous US) (p<0.01), while FibroTest values did not differ (p = 0.09). The optimal cut-off values for predicting CFLD on TE, SWE and MRE were 8.7 (AUC=0.83, Se=0.71, Sp=0.96), 7.8 (AUC=0.85, Se=0.73, Sp=0.96) and 4.15 kPa (AUC=0.68, Se=0.73, Sp=0.64), respectively. LSM predicted the occurrence of major liver-related events at 3 years. TE and SWE were highly correlated (Spearman's Ï=0.9) and concordant in identifying advanced CFLD (Cohen's Îș=0.84) while MRE was moderately correlated and concordant with TE (Ï=0.41; Îș=36) and SWE (Ï=0.5; Îș=0.50).Conclusion: This study demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance of TE, SWE and MRE for the diagnosis of CFLD