Hasinomics: Bangladesh is a development miracle

Abstract. This thesis investigates the core principles of Hasinomics, an economic doctrine of a statesman named Sheikh Hasina, who is currently serving as third consecutive term Prime Minister of Bangladesh since 2009. It refers to a vision and pragmatic economic policies aimed at transforming Bangladesh into a middle-income country by 2021 and developed by 2041, free from hunger and poverty by ensuring economic development and improving the living standards of mass people by creating employment. The term Hasinomics encompasses Hasina and economics. Her development philosophy is idealized by the meld of welfare capitalism and pragmatic socialism. It presents the reasons why Hasinomics was necessary, the key determinants of Hasinomics, and how this policy was implemented. It shows that Bangladesh’s economic policy since the reestablishment of the democratic regime in 1991, so Hasinomics has involved a high component of better implementation. The thesis examines the record of economic growth under Hasina’s administration as well as her new social welfare policy and employment programs to make economic growth more inclusive. This paper discusses the comparative policy analysis and development agenda of her counterpart Begum Khaleda Zia’s regime. It also investigates that how Bangladesh can be an economic example for other LDCs and developing countries. Findings: The study uncovers that Bangladesh has been growing fast and achieved steady growth and development in Sheikh Hasina’s regime than her counterpart Khaleda Zia’s regime in major development indicators. We may further investigate the true impact of Hasina’s doctrine, role, and leadership in the development process of Bangladesh. It reveals that in recent time Bangladesh has attained more progress than the two neighboring countries -Pakistan and India in key development index. In addition, Bangladesh is far ahead of Pakistan in major development indicators

A cross sectional study on lung functions in athletes, singers, and individuals with sedentary lifestyles in Ahmadu Bello University, Bello

Physical activity when performed regularly has beneficial effects on the various systems of the body, pulmonary functions inclusive. This study was aimed at determining the effect singing and athletics have on the lung functions as compared to sedentary lifestyle, and whether athletes differ in lung functions from singers in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Anthropometric data was also matched with spirometric parameters. Spirometric parameters: Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity(FVC) and the ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second to Forced Vital Capacity(FEV1/FVC%) were assessed in randomly selected 60 healthy, non- smoking, non-obese male subjects 15-30years of age, that included athletes, singers and sedentary individuals and grouped as such. The mean FEV1 for singers (3.33±0.11) and athletes 3.39±0.13 was significantly higher (p=0.007 and p=0.002 respectively) than that for sedentary control (2.83±0.09). The mean FVC for singers (4.07±0.12) and athletes (4.17±0.14) was significantly higher (p=0.015 and p=0.003 respectively) than that for sedentary group (3.57±0.11). The difference in means of FEV1 and FVC between athletes and singers were of no statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the mean FEV1/FVC% amongst the groups, 79.68±1.66, 82.40±2.43 and 81.63±2.15 for sedentary, singers and athletes respectively. Singers and athletes had a higher body weight than sedentary, but the mean age for the sedentary control was higher. In conclusion, the study showed a better pulmonary function in both athletes and singers compared to sedentary control with a positive correlation to weight. Singers did not differ in pulmonary functions when compared to athletes.Keywords: Athletes, Forced expiratory volume, Forced vital capacity, Singers, Sedentar

Nigella sativa (black seed) extract improves spatial learning abilityin albino mice

This study was carried out to assess the memory enhancing effect of Nigella sativa Extract on mice using Morris Water Maze. The study was conducted on 30 Albino mice of both sexes randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 animals each. Group 1 served as control and was treated with oral distilled water, Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated orally with 1ml/kg, 2ml/kg and 4ml/kg body weight of the Nigella sativa Extract (NSE) respectively for 3 days, and Group 5 was treated with 100mg/kg body weight memory enhancing drug-Piracetam. Latency to locate the platform and the frequency of crossing the platform was measured. The result showed a decrease though not significant in latency to locate platform between training days 1 and 2 in 2ml& 4ml Nigella sativa groups (49.92±10.75 NSE 1 ml/kg; 29.63±7.12 NSE 2ml/kg; and 34.04±6.51 NSE 4ml/kg), also when compared to control and Piracetam groups, with the Piracitam group having a similar latency to control. The increase in there frequencies of platform crossing compared to control was significant at p=0.045 and was dose dependent (1.67±0.72 1ml/kg NSE; 1.83±1.60 2ml/kg NSE; 3.50±0.76 4ml/kg NSE; and 4.17±0.87 100 mg/kg Piracetam). These findings conclude that acute administration of Nigella sativa has a beneficial effect on learning and memory and has a better effect on learning but not memory than piracetam.Keywords: Nigella sativa, learning, memory, Morris water maz

Software performance of the ATLAS track reconstruction for LHC run 3

Charged particle reconstruction in the presence of many simultaneous proton–proton (pp) collisions in the LHC is a challenging task for the ATLAS experiment’s reconstruction software due to the combinatorial complexity. This paper describes the major changes made to adapt the software to reconstruct high-activity collisions with an average of 50 or more simultaneous pp interactions per bunch crossing (pileup) promptly using the available computing resources. The performance of the key components of the track reconstruction chain and its dependence on pile-up are evaluated, and the improvement achieved compared to the previous software version is quantified. For events with an average of 60 pp collisions per bunch crossing, the updated track reconstruction is twice as fast as the previous version, without significant reduction in reconstruction efficiency and while reducing the rate of combinatorial fake tracks by more than a factor two

Search for heavy Majorana or Dirac neutrinos and right-handed W gauge bosons in final states with charged leptons and jets in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy right-handed Majorana or Dirac neutrinos NR and heavy right-handed gauge bosons WR is performed in events with energetic electrons or muons, with the same or opposite electric charge, and energetic jets. The search is carried out separately for topologies of clearly separated final-state products (“resolved” channel) and topologies with boosted final states with hadronic and/or leptonic products partially overlapping and reconstructed as a large-radius jet (“boosted” channel). The events are selected from pp collision data at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 collected by the ATLAS detector at √s = 13 TeV. No significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are observed. The results are interpreted within the theoretical framework of a left-right symmetric model, and lower limits are set on masses in the heavy righthanded WR boson and NR plane. The excluded region extends to about m(WR) = 6.4 TeV for both Majorana and Dirac NR neutrinos at m(NR) < 1 TeV. NR with masses of less than 3.5 (3.6) TeV are excluded in the electron (muon) channel at m(WR) = 4.8 TeV for the Majorana neutrinos, and limits of m(NR) up to 3.6 TeV for m(WR) = 5.2 (5.0) TeV in the electron (muon) channel are set for the Dirac neutrinos. These constitute the most stringent exclusion limits to date for the model considered

Observation of four-top-quark production in the multilepton final state with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents the observation of four-top-quark (tt¯tt¯) production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected using the ATLAS detector. Events containing two leptons with the same electric charge or at least three leptons (electrons or muons) are selected. Event kinematics are used to separate signal from background through a multivariate discriminant, and dedicated control regions are used to constrain the dominant backgrounds. The observed (expected) significance of the measured tt¯tt¯ signal with respect to the standard model (SM) background-only hypothesis is 6.1 (4.3) standard deviations. The tt¯tt¯ production cross section is measured to be 22.5+6.6−5.5 fb, consistent with the SM prediction of 12.0±2.4 fb within 1.8 standard deviations. Data are also used to set limits on the three-top-quark production cross section, being an irreducible background not measured previously, and to constrain the top-Higgs Yukawa coupling and effective field theory operator coefficients that affect tt¯tt¯ production

Search for single production of vector-like T quarks decaying into Ht or Zt in pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper describes a search for the single production of an up-type vector-like quark (T) decaying as T → Ht or T → Zt. The search utilises a dataset of pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector during the 2015–2018 data-taking period of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. Data are analysed in final states containing a single lepton with multiple jets and b-jets. The presence of boosted heavy resonances in the event is exploited to discriminate the signal from the Standard Model background. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed, and 95% CL upper limits are set on the production cross section of T quarks in different decay channels. The results are interpreted in several benchmark scenarios to set limits on the mass and universal coupling strength (κ) of the vector-like quark. For singlet T quarks, κ values above 0.53 are excluded for all masses below 2.3 TeV. At a mass of 1.6 TeV, κ values as low as 0.35 are excluded. For T quarks in the doublet scenario, where the production cross section is much lower, κ values above 0.72 are excluded for all masses below 1.7 TeV, and this exclusion is extended to κ above 0.55 for low masses around 1.0 TeV

Search for excited τ-leptons and leptoquarks in the final state with τ-leptons and jets in pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is reported for excited τ-leptons and leptoquarks in events with two hadronically decaying τ-leptons and two or more jets. The search uses proton-proton (pp) collision data at s√ = 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment during the Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider in 2015–2018. The total integrated luminosity is 139 fb−1. The excited τ-lepton is assumed to be produced and to decay via a four-fermion contact interaction into an ordinary τ-lepton and a quark-antiquark pair. The leptoquarks are assumed to be produced in pairs via the strong interaction, and each leptoquark is assumed to couple to a charm or lighter quark and a τ-lepton. No excess over the background prediction is observed. Excited τ-leptons with masses below 2.8 TeV are excluded at 95% CL in scenarios with the contact interaction scale Λ set to 10 TeV. At the extreme limit of model validity where Λ is set equal to the excited τ-lepton mass, excited τ-leptons with masses below 4.6 TeV are excluded. Leptoquarks with masses below 1.3 TeV are excluded at 95% CL if their branching ratio to a charm quark and a τ-lepton equals 1. The analysis does not exploit flavour-tagging in the signal region

Measurement of the cross-sections of the electroweak and total production of a Zγ pair in association with two jets in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents the measurement of the fiducial and differential cross-sections of the electroweak production of a Zγ pair in association with two jets. The analysis uses 140 fb−1 of LHC proton–proton collision data taken at √s = 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector during the years 2015–2018. Events with a Z boson candidate decaying into either an e+e− or μ+μ− pair, a photon and two jets are selected. The electroweak component is extracted by requiring a large dijet invariant mass and by using the information about the centrality of the system and is measured with an observed and expected significance well above five standard deviations. The fiducial pp → Zγ jj cross-section for the electroweak production is measured to be 3.6 ± 0.5 fb. The total fiducial cross-section that also includes contributions where the jets arise from strong interactions is measured to be 16.8+2.0 −1.8 fb. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions. Differential cross-sections are also measured using the same events and are compared with parton-shower Monte Carlo simulations. Good agreement is observed between data and predictions

Search for the Zγ decay mode of new high-mass resonances in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This letter presents a search for narrow, high-mass resonances in the Zγ final state with the Z boson decaying into a pair of electrons or muons. The √s = 13 TeV pp collision data were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and have an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. The data are found to be in agreement with the Standard Model background expectation. Upper limits are set on the resonance production cross section times the decay branching ratio into Zγ. For spin-0 resonances produced via gluon–gluon fusion, the observed limits at 95% confidence level vary between 65.5 fb and 0.6 fb, while for spin-2 resonances produced via gluon–gluon fusion (or quark–antiquark initial states) limits vary between 77.4 (76.1) fb and 0.6 (0.5) fb, for the mass range from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV