Physiological Characteristics of Platelet Activity in Calves of the Dairy and Plant Nutrition of the Holstein Breed

The hemostatic properties of platelets to a large degree determine the activity of metabolic processes that have great biological significance especially in early ontogeny. This study was conducted on 43 calves of the Holstein breed during the phase of milk-vegetable diet. It was found during the observation period that the indicators were stable in the calves between 31 and 60 days of life, and the platelet aggregation weakened. In the blood of the calves of the Holstein breed there was a slight increase in the number of discocytes. The total number of active thrombocytes in calves observed after stability between 31-60 days of life decreased during the follow-up observation. The levels of circulating platelet aggregates of small and large sizes decreased between 60 and 90 days by 66.7% and 2.5 times, respectively. This contributed to a weakening of the calves’ platelet synthesis of thromboxane, a decrease in the content of adenosinfosfatom, and to inhibition of their secretion. During the observation period, the number of actin and myosin in the platelets of the animals also decreased, which reduced the overall platelet activity. In the second part of the phase of lacto-vegetarian nutrition, the synthesis of actin and myosin in the exposed aggregate platelets weakened in the calves. The stability of the hemostatic platelet counts of the Holstein calves at the age of 31-60 days was typical, which changed their physiologically acceptable weakening by the end of observation. Keywords: calves, dairy plant phase, Holstein breed, platelets, aggregation, secretio

Anti-Aggregation Function of Blood Vessels in Piglets of Dairy and Plant Nutrition

Modern pig farming is a significant sector of modern agriculture in many countries. The attractiveness of its products is associated with their excellent taste and economic affordability. The intensive development of pig breeding considers the latest achievements in the field of pig biology during their early ontogenesis. Optimal functioning of hemostasis in growing piglets relies on platelet activity. Its low severity during the phase of milk and vegetable nutrition provides them with the optimal functional state of primary hemostasis, the success of microcirculation in the internal organs, and sufficient activity of all functional and biochemical processes. In the blood of healthy piglets during the phase of dairy and plant nutrition, a decrease in the number of peroxidation products was noted due to an increase in the level of antioxidant protection of their plasma. This minimized their platelet and vascular wall alteration and provided optimal platelet-vascular interactions. This study shows that the gradual increase in the platelet aggregation that develops in piglets at this age is functionally balanced by the increase in the disaggregation properties of blood vessels and creates conditions for optimal blood flow in small-caliber vessels. Keywords: piglets, phase of dairy and plant nutrition, platelets, aggregation, disaggregation, early ontogenesi

Impact of anionic synthetic surfactants of lead ions and their combinations on the pigment profile of freshwater plant organisms Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa

The development of human civilization inevitably leads to the development of production with increasing emissions of many chemicals into the environment. This is especially noticeable in relation to surface waters of fresh water bodies. A very alarming point is that the amount of toxic anthropogenic substances, including heavy metals, is growing every year and is increasingly disturbing the existing ecological balance. Plant organisms of water bodies are among the first to experience the effects of any anthropogenic pollutants and especially heavy metals and surfactants, the amount of which increases in the water of rivers and lakes. Very important in this is the complex of morpho-physiological adaptations associated with restructuring in the structure of chloroplasts. Changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments in plants of two species (Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa) were assessed when they were exposed to very common technogenic substances (lead ions and a solution of anionic synthetic surfactants). In plants, there is a decrease in the activity of molecular transport, inhibition of H+-ATPase, leading to a decrease in the pH of the cytoplasm and activation of hydrolases, which enhance the breakdown of biopolymers. This leads to changes in the expression of individual genes and increased synthesis of a number of stress proteins. Under these conditions, the assembly of cytoskeletal elements is activated, the structures of membrane proteins and lipids change, the level of ATP decreases, free radical processes are activated and the intensity of photosynthesis is inhibited

The role of artificial intelligence technologies in long-term socio-economic development and integrated security

The symbol of the second decade of the 21st century is the renaissance of artificial intelligence technologies. Today, the consequences of introducing such systems are still not fully understood (especially when the results prepared by the neural network are completely incomprehensible to humans, unlike the results of the logical conclusion of an expert system) in the informational and technological processes of modern society, but the question already concerns such issues as the "ethics of machine intelligence", about a person’s readiness to transfer the right to make decisions to artificial intelligence instead of himself. The object of the paper is to study strategic documents that determine the prospects for the development of artificial intelligence technologies, primarily in the largest economies of the world to determine the contours of global socio-economic and technological development. In the framework of the system-structural and institutional approaches, a comparative and conceptual analysis of the strategies of the leading countries in process of development of artificial intelligence was carried out. The mechanisms for implementing the strategic priorities of the most advanced countries are identified and described. Authors noted the intensification of international competition in the field of development and implementation of artificial intelligence technology and, accordingly, the transformation of complex security threats

Режимы пропитки сортиментов из древесины сосны маслянистыми антисептиками

Исследованы технологические свойства масляных пропиток, применяемых при изготовлении шпал и столбов линий электропередач из древесины мягких лиственных пород. Цель – оптимизация параметров модифицирования древесины при производстве железнодорожных шпал и столбов линий электропередач для увеличения срока их службы. Анализируемый фактор – глубина поглощения поперек волокон. Использована лабораторная пропиточная установка с автоклавом, рабочее давление которого – до 20 атм. Маслянистый антисептик объемом 10 л нагревается трубчатыми электронагревателями до температуры 110 °С. Установка по своему назначению эквивалентна работе автоклава в цехе пропитки древесины. При разных режимах было пропитано 25 образцов шпал и 25 образцов столбов линий электропередач. Длительность процесса составляет от 2 до 4 ч. Нормированное содержание антисептика 19 % обеспечивается давлением 10–14 атм при продолжительности выдержки образцов 60 мин. Прогрев заготовки оказался наиболее влияющим на глубину поглощения фактором – как для шпал, так и для столбов. Показано, что нормальная глубина пропитки в случае применения в качестве антисептика каменноугольного масла достигается при температуре древесины не менее 70 °С, поскольку вязкость снижается в 2 раза. Для поглотительного масла такой зависимости не наблюдается, его вязкость мало зависит от температуры. Данную температуру следует рекомендовать для поглотительного и сланцевого масел, т. к. для предотвращения растрескивания древесины минимально допустимый перепад между температурой пропитывающего вещества (110 °С) и температурой древесины (70 °С) не должен превышать 40 °С. Из 6 антисептиков рекомендуемые для применения – каменноугольное, поглотительное, «Шубарколь комир» и антраценовое масла. Для них разработаны режимы пропитки шпал и опор линий электропередач. При выдержке заготовок шпал и столбов в вакууме с разрежением 0,2 атм в течение 40 мин полностью исключается вытекание масла из заготовок после окончания пропитки. Для цитирования: Шамаев В.А., Медведев И.Н., Руссу А.В. Режимы пропитки сортиментов из древесины сосны маслянистыми антисептиками // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2023. № 6. С. 136–148. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-136-14

Description of a new species of the genus Protracheoniscus Verhoeff, 1917 and redescription of Protracheoniscus kryszanovskii Borutzky, 1957 from the southeast of European Russia (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Agnaridae)

A new species of woodlice, Protracheoniscus pokarzhevskii Gongalsky & Turbanov, sp. n. is described from Kalmykia, NE Pre-Caspian region, Russia. Protracheoniscus kryszanovskii Borutzky, 1957 from the same area is also redescribed. Diagnostic features of these species as well as affinities within the genus are provided and discussed

Hydride-dehydride fine zirconium powders for pyrotechnics

In this paper, the possibility of obtaining fine zirconium powders by the hydrogenationdehydrogenation method is studied. The main parameters of the technological process that allow obtaining fine zirconium powders for pyrotechnics are determined. Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the samples are carried out in a rotating quartz tube placed in a furnace at temperatures of 380◦C and 850◦C, respectively. Zirconium hydride is milled using tungsten carbide balls to eliminate the presence of impurities. Thus it is possible to obtain a fine zirconium powder with a number-average particle size of 4.527 +- 2.650 Um and a specific surface area of 0.231 m2/g from the initial electrolytic zirconium powder with a number-average particle size of 220 Um and a specific surface area < 0.1 m2/g. The allowed relative error of measuring the specific surface area is +- 5%. Hence it is possible to reduce the particle size of zirconium powder by 54.6 times without changing the composition

First-principles extrapolation method for accurate CO adsorption energies on metal surfaces

We show that a simple first-principles correction based on the difference between the singlet-triplet CO excitation energy values obtained by DFT and high-level quantum chemistry methods yields accurate CO adsorption properties on a variety of metal surfaces. We demonstrate a linear relationship between the CO adsorption energy and the CO singlet-triplet splitting, similar to the linear dependence of CO adsorption energy on the energy of the CO 2$\pi$* orbital found recently {[Kresse {\em et al.}, Physical Review B {\bf 68}, 073401 (2003)]}. Converged DFT calculations underestimate the CO singlet-triplet excitation energy $\Delta E_{\rm S-T}$, whereas coupled-cluster and CI calculations reproduce the experimental $\Delta E_{\rm S-T}$. The dependence of $E_{\rm chem}$ on $\Delta E_{\rm S-T}$ is used to extrapolate $E_{\rm chem}$ for the top, bridge and hollow sites for the (100) and (111) surfaces of Pt, Rh, Pd and Cu to the values that correspond to the coupled-cluster and CI $\Delta E_{\rm S-T}$ value. The correction reproduces experimental adsorption site preference for all cases and obtains $E_{\rm chem}$ in excellent agreement with experimental results.Comment: Table sent as table1.eps. 3 figure