Agenda dynamics and policy priorities in military regimes

Despite the policy-relevant aspirations of military regimes, scholars have shown surprisingly little interest in exploring the agenda dynamics and policy processes in these regimes. We sought to close this gap by analysing the original datasets of over 13,000 legislative speeches, public budgets, and the background characteristics of 160 representatives who served in the Consultative Assembly of the military regime of Kenan Evren in Turkey (1980–1983). Empirical analyses indicate that the regime’s policy priorities did not differ significantly from those of democratic governments, and that while representatives with military backgrounds showed far more interest in the core functions of the government, the process through which they were selected (whether or not directly appointed by the National Security Council) appeared to have no explanatory power. Perhaps more importantly, there were more similarities than differences between the military regime of Kenan Evren and the coalition, minority and majority governments of the 1970s and 1980s. Our findings imply that the effect of institutions on policy agendas is overstated.publishedVersio

Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) Akdeniz Bölgesi alçak rakım ıslah programı kapsamındaki odun hammedesi üretimini artırmak için kızılçam odun kalitesinde (yoğunluk, lif karakterleri, ilkbahar ve yaz odun oranı) kalıtsallık ve genetik kazanç belirlenmesi

TÜBİTAK TOVAG01.09.2008Uzun vadede Kızılçamda odun hammaddesi üretimini artırmak amacıyla, Ceyhan Orman Fidanlığında altı adet klonal tohum bahçesinden toplanan tohumlarla kurulan 168 üvey kardeş aileli Kızılçam (Pinus brutia) döl denemesi kullanılarak, bu türdeki odun özgül ağılığı, lif boyu ve büyüme karakterlerinin genetik kontrolü çalışılmıştır. Gerekli odun örnekleri denemenin yedinci yaştaki aralama esnasında kesilen ağaçlardan elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki ulaşılmak istenen ana amaçlar; (1) odun özgül ağırlığı ve büyüme karakterleri açısından test edilen aileler arasındaki farklılıklar ile bu farklılığa ait bileşenlerin araştırılması, (2) özgül ağırlığın kalıtımsal özelliği ile büyüme karakteri ve lif uzunluğu ile arasındaki genetik korelasyoların belirlenmesi, (3) fenotipik, ayıklanmış ve genotipik tohum bahçelerinin kurulmasıyla elde edilecek genetik kazancın hesaplanması için özgül ağırlık ve gövde hami açısından 168 aileye ait ıslah değerlerinin ortaya konması olarak belirlenmiştir. Odun özgül ağırlığı açısından 168 aile birbirinden oldukça farklı değerler göstermiştir (0.35 ile 0.44 arasında). Elde edilen bu farklılık tahmin edilen aile (0.55+0,03) ve bireysel (0.42+ 0,07) kalıtım derecelerinin yüksek değerlere ulaşmasını sağlamıştır. Benzer sonuçlar büyüme karakterlerinde ve lif uzunluğunda da gözlenmiştir. Ancak ilkbahar odunun yaz odununa oranında aileler arasında bir fark ortaya çıkmamıştır. Özgül ağırlık ile büyüme karakterleri arasındaki genetik ve fenotipik korelasyonlar istatistiki olarak anlamsızken, lif karakteri özgül ağırlık ile azda olsa negatif, büyüme karakterleriyle ise pozitif bir ilişki göstermiştir. Yedinci yaştaki tek bir karaktere göre yapılan seleksiyonda kontrol materyaline göre fenotipik tohum bahçelerinden elde edilen genetik kazanç, gövde hacmi için % 8.4 olarak hesaplanırken, bu değer özgül ağırlık açısından oldukça düşük olup (%0.37) istatistiki olarak anlamsızdır. Her bir tohum bahçesinde 20 klon bırakılacak şekilde bir genetik ayıklama yapılması sonucunda tohum bahçelerinden elde edilecek genetik kazanç ise gövde hacmi için % 16.1 ve özgül ağırlık içinde %1.7 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Islah değerlerine göre bir ve ikinci seri denemelerde en yüksek ıslah değerine sahip 30 klonla kurulacak genotipik tohum bahçelerinden elde edilecek 9 genetik kazanç, gövde hacminde % 35, özgül ağırlıkta %5.2 ve lif boyu içinse %12 olarak bulunmuştur. Özgül ağırlık ile büyüme karakterleri arasında genetik ve fenotipik bir ilişkini olmaması her iki karakter açısından da bir seleksiyon yapılabilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Her iki karakter açısından en yüksek 10 ailenin seçilmesiyle elde edilen genetik kazanç gövde hacmi için % 27.7 iken özgül ağırlık için % 5.6 olarak hesaplanmıştır.In long term, to increase wood production in Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia), genetic control of wood specific gravity (WSG), fiber length and growth traits was investigated. Open pollinated Ceyhan progeny trial, which was established with the seeds collected from 168 clones originated from six clonal Turkish red pine seed orchards was used to realize this investigation. Wood samples were taken by destructive sampling during the rouging of this trial at the age of seven. Specifically; (1) to examine the magnitude of family differences and its components for wood specific gravity (WSG) and growth traits (height, diameter and stem volume); (2) to determine WSG inheritance and its genetic correlation with growth traits; and (3) to estimate breeding values of 168 families for the WSG and to predict genetic gain if selection is based on phenotypic, rouged and genotypic seed orchard by reselecting the best parents with respect to WSG. Differences among the 168 families for mean WSG was large (ranged from 0.35 to 0.44), as indicated by high individual (0.42+0.07) and family mean (0.55+0.03) heritabilities. Family differences and high heritabilities were also observed for all growth traits and fiber length. Genetic correlations between WSG and growth traits were statistically insignificant (near zero), while low and insignificant negative phenotypic correlations among the same traits were observed. On the other hand, although the same correlation was negative for wood specific gravity and fiber length, a positive genetic correlation between fiber length and growth traits was observed. Realized genetic gain for single trait selection at age of seven was insignificant (0.37 %) for WSG and 8.4 % for stem volume in phenotypic seed orchards. Average genetic gain in breeding zone after roguing, by leaving the best 20 clones in each seed orchard, reached 1.7 % for WSG and 16.1 % for stem volume. Genetic gain (relative to controls) at the age of seven obtained from the first generation genotypic seed orchards consisting the best 30 clones was estimated 5.2 % for WSG, 35 % for stem volume and 12% for fiber length. Multi-trait selection was also proposed in this 11 study for the same traits. Selection of best 10 families for the highest WSG and stem volume breeding values produce 5.6 % genetic gain for WSG and 27.7 % genetic gain for stem volume

Laryngoscopic Examination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkish Voice Speech and Swallowing Disorders Society and Turkish Professional Voice Society Recommendations

COVID-19 is highly transmissible and spreads rapidly in the population. This increases the occupational risk for health care workers. In otolaryngology clinic practice, patients with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms are common. Also, routine head and neck examinations such as oral cavity examination, nasal/nasopharyngeal examination, or video laryngostroboscopic evaluation are highly risky because of the aerosol formation. To emphasize this issue, two leading otolaryngology organizations in Turkey; 'Voice Speech and Swallowing Disorders Society', and 'Professional Voice Society' gathered a task force. This task force aimed to prepare a consensus report that would provide practical recommendations of the safety measurements during routine clinical care of laryngology patients. To fulfill this, universal aim, on the 2nd and 9th of May 2020, two web-based meetings were conducted by 20 expert physicians. This eighteen items list was prepared as an output

Epidemiology of pemphigus in Turkey: One-year prospective study of 220 cases

Pemphigus is a group of rare and life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Although they occur worldwide, their incidence shows wide geographical variation, and prospective data on the epidemiology of pemphigus are very limited. Objective of this work is to evaluate the incidence and epidemiological and clinical features of patients with pemphigus in Turkey. All patients newly diagnosed with pemphigus between June 2013 and June 2014 were prospectively enrolled in 33 dermatology departments in 20 different provinces from all seven regions of Turkey. Disease parameters including demography and clinical findings were recorded. A total of 220 patients were diagnosed with pemphigus during the 1-year period, with an annual incidence of 4.7 per million people in Turkey. Patients were predominantly women, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.41. The mean age at onset was 48.9 years. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was the commonest clinical subtype (n=192; 87.3%), followed by pemphigus foliaceus (n=21; 9.6%). The most common clinical subtype of PV was the mucocutaneous type (n=83; 43.2%). The mean Pemphigus Disease Area Index was 28.14±22.21 (mean ± Standard Deviation).  The incidence rate of pemphigus in Turkey is similar to the countries of South-East Europe, higher than those reported for the Central and Northern European countries and lower than the countries around the Mediterranean Sea and Iran. Pemphigus is more frequent in middle-aged people and is more common in women. The most frequent subtype was PV, with a 9-fold higher incidence than pemphigus foliaceus.   </p

Who uses internet banking in Turkey and why?

Turkey has a developed banking sector which has a very important place in Turkish economy. Internet banking applications started in 1997. Though it does not have a long history it has a very huge potential in the Turkish market. The aim of this paper is to explore if demographical factors are important in identifying the target customers for internet banking; to identify the perception of consumers regarding the attributes of internet banking usage; and to check if consumers perceive internet banking as a useful alternative channel. For this, an empirical research was conducted on 506 internet users over the age of 18, and two different clusters of non-users of internet banking and three different clusters for users of internet banking were identified, based on the demographic characteristics of respondents, which could be a valuable tool for marketing managers for identifying their segmentation and positioning strategies. Five factors were found to be as attributes of internet banking usage. Among the five factors, "security and trust" was found to be the most important factor for Internet banking usage. Finally, the discriminant analysis carried out reveals clues for bank managers about how to identify potential Internet bank users

INTERNET BANKING USAGE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON TURKISH CONSUMERS

Turkey has a developed banking sector which has a very important place in Turkish economy. Internet banking applications started in 1997. Though it does not have a long history it has a very huge potential in the Turkish market. The aim of this paper is to explore if demographical factors are important in identifying the target customers for internet banking; to identify the perception of consumers regarding the attributes of internet banking usage; and to check if consumers perceive internet banking as a useful alternative channel. For this, an empirical research was conducted on 506 internet users over the age of 18, and two different clusters of non-users of internet banking and three different clusters for users of internet banking were identified, based on the demographic characteristics of respondents, which could be a valuable tool for marketing managers for identifying their segmentation and positioning strategies. Five factors were found to be as attributes of internet banking usage. Among the five factors, “security and trust” was found to be the factor that had the highest factor load for Internet banking usage. Finally, the discriminant analysis carried out reveals clues for bank managers about how to identify potential Internet bank users

A Meta-Analytic Review on Antecedents of Green Product Purchase Intention: An Extended TPB Approach

Owing to the growing attention of consumers towards green-related issues, important number of studies has been devoted to understanding the drivers of green product purchase intention; implying a need to quantitatively synthesize the empirical body of research on the subject. In this sense, extending the theory of planned behavior, the main purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the empirical findings on green product purchase intention and its antecedents. The meta-analytic investigation was performed on 235 effects dependent upon more than 39,000 consumers (N = 39,253). The findings of the meta-analysis reveal that green product purchase intention is most strongly influenced by attitude toward product/brand, followed by brand trust and self-identity, respectively. This research considerably contributes to the pertinent literature by synthesizing and consolidating fragmented empirical evidence on the determinants of green product purchase intention.</p