Cytokine profile associated with human chronic schistosomiasis mansoni

This study objective was to evaluate the cytokines associated with early events of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni. Hepatic fibrosis was classified by ultrasonography in 94 patients. Immunological evaluation was performed by measurement of secreted cytokines (interleukin IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, interferon-g, tumor necrosis factor-a and transforming growth factors-b) in peripherl blood mononuclear cells stimulated by Schistosoma mansoni antigens. Significantly, higher levels of IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 were found in supernatants of SEA-stimulated PBMC from subjects with degree III hepatic fibrosis as compared to patients with degree I or II fibrosis, Significant increases in IL-5 and IL-13 levels were also observed in some of the subjects who remained untreated for one year following initial assessment and developed more serious fibrosis during this period. The data suggests a role for type 2 cytokines in early stages of hepatic fibrosis in human schistosomiasis mansoni

Vínculos estabelecidos pelo professor com o Programa Municipal da EJA e a relação-reflexa na formação profissional e pessoal Established bonds between teacher and the Municipal Program of EJA and the reflexive-relation in his professional and personal development

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de investigar os vínculos estabelecidos pelo professor da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) com a proposta pedagógica e a equipe de ensino da Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME), analisando a relação-reflexa no processo de formação profissional e pessoal deste sujeito. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar, no interior da escola, o posicionamento docente quanto aos aspectos afetivos, pedagógicos e normativos, bem como os princípios, a coerência e os valores da proposta da EJA, de que forma ele se identifica com ela e com que autonomia a sustenta. No interior da escola também foi questionado o exercício de autoridade, participação na tomada de decisões, conflitos pessoais, predisposição a mudanças necessárias, aceitação das novas idéias, motivação e valorização frente às condições de trabalho.<br>The objective of this research was to investigate the bonds established between the teacher of the young and adults education program (EJA), with its pedagogical proposal and with the educational team of the Municipal Department of Education (SME), analyzing the reflexive-relation in the process of professional and personal development of this subject. To accomplish this, one searched to identify, inside the school, the teaching positioning regarding the affective, pedagogical and normative aspects, as well as, the principles, the coherence and the values of the EJA's proposal, how the teacher identifies himself with it and with which autonomy he supports it. Inside the school the exercise of authority was questioned, as well as the participation in the taking of decisions, the personal conflicts, the predisposition towards necessary changes, the acceptance of new ideas, the motivation and the valuation related to work conditions