Protective effects of eicosapentaenoic acid plus hydroxytyrosol supplementation against white adipose tissue abnormalities in mice fed a high-fat diet

Objective: Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) elicits white adipose tissue dysfunction. In this study, we have hypothesized that the metabolic modulator eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) combined with the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (HT) attenuates HFD-induced white adipose tissue (WAT) alterations. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were administered with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrates) or control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates), with or without EPA (50 mg/kg/day), HT (5 mg/kg/day), or both for 12 weeks. Determinations in WAT include morphological parameters, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid content in phospholipids (gas chromatography), lipogenesis, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation markers, and gene expression and activities of transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) (p65 subunit) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Results: HFD led to WAT hypertrophy in relation to PPAR-γ downregulation. WAT metabolic dysfunction was characterized by upregulation of lipogenic SREBP-1c system, mitochondrial energy metabolism depression, loss of the antioxidant Nrf2 signaling with OS enhancement, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids depletion and activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB system. EPA and HT co-supplementation diminished HFD-dependent effects additively, reaching values close or similar to controls. Conclusion: Data presented strengthen the importance of combined protocols such as EPA plus HT to attenuate metabolic-inflammatory states triggered by obesity

Student responses to the introduction of case-based learning and practical activities into a theoretical obstetrics and gynaecology teaching programme

BACKGROUND: The fourth-year Obstetrics and Gynaecology course at our institution had previously been taught using theory classes alone. A new teaching model was introduced to provide a better link with professional practice. We wished to evaluate the impact of the introduction of case discussions and other practical activities upon students' perceptions of the learning process. METHODS: Small-group discussions of cases and practical activities were introduced for the teaching of a fourth-year class in 2003 (Group II; 113 students). Comparisons were made with the fourth-year class of 2002 (Group I; 108 students), from before the new programme was introduced. Students were asked to rate their satisfaction with various elements of the teaching programme. Statistical differences in their ratings were analysed using the chi-square and Bonferroni tests. RESULTS: Group II gave higher ratings to the clarity of theory classes and lecturers' teaching abilities (p < 0.05) and lecturers' punctuality (p < 0.001) than did Group I. Group II had greater belief that the knowledge assessment tests were useful (p < 0.001) and that their understanding of the subject was good (p < 0.001) than did Group I. Group II gave a higher overall rating to the course (p < 0.05) than did Group I. However, there was no difference in the groups' assessments of the use made of the timetabled hours available for the subject or lecturers' concern for students' learning. CONCLUSIONS: Students were very receptive to the new teaching model

The Literature Classroom: Spaces for Dialogue.

Contains fulltext : 115225.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)29 p

Competências em medicina jurídica a médicos recentemente graduados: opiniões de expertos

The current scenario in the field of health and law, poses changes which seek for more knowledge in matters con­cerning legal medicine: the prosecution of medical practice and the exponential increase in claims for malpractice, seeking a deepening of ethics training. In addition, the implementation of the Criminal Procedure Reform requires strengthening the judicial and forensic level, especially when several statutory provisions establish the expert activity is not exclusive to the specialists working in the Legal Medical Service.In order to contribute the training of future doctors in the field of Legal Medicine considering the current legal regula­tions involved in the area of health, a qualitative research was conducted, exploratory, descriptive, with a non-prob­abilistic, intentional sample, convenience, made by a medical specialist in Legal, Medicine prior Informed Consent signature. To collect the data an in-depth interview was used to.The analysis and collection of them was conducted simultaneously through the constant comparison method, fol­lowing a progressive reduction scheme. The scientific rigor of the study was determined by four criteria of rigor: truth value (credibility), applicability (portability), consistency (dependence) and neutral (Confirmability), carried out by researcher’s triangulation.At level 1, 9 categories were found: “Death,” “autopsy”, “injury”, “mental health,” “sexology”, “forensic labora­tory”, “legal medical documents”, “judicial reform” and “generic competition”. At Level 2 three important thems were identified “Thanatology requirements in the Curriculum”, “Aspects to consider in the Study Plan regarding “damage” (Lesionología) and “practical theoretical ratio of the contents of Legal Medicine”. In level 3: qualitative domain emerges: “Disciplinary competences and generic to be considered in the Study Plan regarding contents of the Subject of Legal Medicine”. The discipline includes Thanatology, Damage (Lesionología), Forensic Sexology, Physical Evidence. The generic depending on the doctor-patient relationship and professional responsibility.Whereas the purpose of the study is to contribute to the training of future doctors in the field of Legal Medicine by redesigning the program of the subject, through the expert, one can deduce that all of the contents are explicit in the curricular activity. It is also important to point out that the terminology used is similar to that recorded national­ly. However, the practical activities of these learnings are not clearly explicit. The results confirm the existence of disciplinary and generic in the field of Legal Medicine for the welfare work of a doctor who serves on an emergency service or primary health care. This leads to continue the line of work in order to consult graduates (as), in relation to their undergraduate training in all aspects forensic considering different areas and fields of work.El escenario actual en el ámbito de la salud y del derecho, plantea cambios que ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de mayor conocimiento en materias concernientes a la medicina legal: la judicialización del ejercicio médico y el aumento exponencial de reclamaciones por malpraxis, demandan una profundización en la formación deontológica. Además, la implementación de la Reforma Procesal Penal, exige fortalecer el nivel judicial y forense, máxime cuando varias disposiciones legales establecen que la actividad pericial no es privativa de los especialistas que laboran en el Servicio Médico Legal.Con el propósito de contribuir a la formación de los futuros médicos en el ámbito de la Medicina Legal considerando las actuales normativas jurídicas involucradas en el área de la salud, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, descriptiva, con una muestra no probabilística, intencionada, por conveniencia, conformada por un médico especialista en Medicina Legal, previa firma Consentimiento Informado. Para recolectar los datos se recurrió a una entrevista en profundidad. El análisis y recogida de ellos se realizó en forma simultánea a través del método de comparación constante, siguiendo un esquema de reducción progresiva. La rigurosidad científica del estudio estuvo determinada por cuatro criterios de rigor: valor de verdad (credibilidad), aplicabilidad (transferibilidad), consistencia (dependencia) y neutralidad (confirmabilidad), realizándose la triangulación por investigadores.En el nivel 1 se encontraron 9 categorías: “muerte”, “autopsia”, “lesiones”, “salud mental”, “sexología”, “laboratorio forense”, “documentos medicolegales”, “reforma procesal” y “competencia genérica”. En el Nivel 2 se identificaron tres núcleos temáticos “Requisitos de Tanatología en el Plan de Estudio”, “Aspectos a considerar en el Plan de Estudio con respecto a Lesionología” y “Relación teórico práctica de los contenidos de Medicina Legal”. En el Nivel 3: emerge un dominio cualitativo: “Competencias disciplinares y genéricas a considerar en el Plan de Estudio con respecto a contenidos de la Asignatura de Medicina Legal”. Lo disciplinar incluye la Tanatología, Lesionología, Sexología Forense, Evidencia Física. Lo genérico en función a la relación médico paciente y su responsabilidad profesional.Considerando que el propósito del estudio es contribuir a la formación de los futuros médicos en el ámbito de la Medicina Legal mediante el rediseño del programa de la asignatura, a través del experto, se puede deducir que todos los contenidos están explícitos en la actividad curricular. Además, es importante señalar que la terminología utilizada es similar a la consignada a nivel nacional. Sin embargo, las actividades prácticas de estos aprendizajes no están claramente explicitadas.Los resultados corroboran la inexistencia de las competencias disciplinares y genéricas en el ámbito de la Medicina Legal para la labor asistencial de un médico que se desempeña en un Servicio de Urgencia o en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Esto induce a continuar la línea de trabajo en orden a consultar a los egresados(as), en relación a su formación de pregrado en todos los aspectos forenses considerando diferentes áreas y ámbitos laborales.O cenário atual no campo da saúde e do direito, Propõe mudanças que procuram mais conhecimentos em matéria de medicina legal: O julgamento da prática médica eo aumento exponencial de reclamações por negligência, Buscando um aprofundamento do treinamento em ética. Além, a implementação da Reforma Processual Penal requer o forta­lecimento do nível judicial e forense, especialmente quando várias disposições legais estabelecem que a actividade de peritos não é exclusiva dos especialistas que trabalham no Serviço Jurídico Médico.A fim de contribuir com a formação de futuros médicos no campo da Medicina Legal considerando as atuais normas legais envolvidas na área de saúde, foi realizada uma investigação qualitativa, exploratório, descritivo, com uma amostra não-probabilística, intencional, conveniência, feita por um médico especialista em Legal, Medicina assina­tura de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Para recopilar os dados são utilizados numa entrevista em profundidade.A análise e coleta dos mesmos foi realizada simultaneamente através do método de comparação constante, Seguindo um esquema de redução progressiva. O rigor científico do estudo foi determinado por quatro critérios de rigor: valor de verdade (credibilidade), aplicabilidade (portabilidade), consistência (dependência) e neutro (Confirmabilidade), rea­lizado pela triangulação do investigaçãoNo nível 1, foram encontradas 9 categorias: “morte”, “autópsia”, “lesão”, “saúde mental”, “sexologia”, “laboratório forense”, “documentos médicos legais”, “reforma judicial” e “concorrência genérica”. No Nível 2 foram identificados três temas importantes “requisitos de Tanatologia no Currículo”, “Aspectos a considerar no Plano de Estudo referen­tes ao” dano “(Lesionología) e” razão teórica prática dos conteúdos da Medicina Legal “”. No nível 3: domínio quali­tativo emerge: “Competências disciplinares e genéricas a serem consideradas no Plano de Estudo sobre os conteúdos do Sujeito de Medicina Legal”. A disciplina inclui Thanatology, daño (Lesionología), Sexología Forense, Evidencia Física. El genérico depende de la relación médico-paciente y de la responsabilidad profesional.Considerando que el propósito del estudio es contribuir a la formación de futuros médicos en el campo de la Medi­cina Legal mediante el rediseño del programa de la asignatura, Através do perito, Que se pode deduzir a totalidade do conteúdo são explícitos na actividade curricular. Também é importante ressaltar que a terminologia utilizada é semelhante à registrada nacionalmente. No entanto, as atividades práticas desses aprendizados não são claramente explícitas. Os resultados confirmam a existência de disciplina e genéricos no campo da Medicina Legal para o trabal­ho assistencial de um médico que presta serviços de emergência ou cuidados primários de saúde. Isto leva a continuar a linha de trabalho, a fim de consultar os graduados, em relação à sua formação de graduação em todos os aspectos Considerando diferentes áreas forense e campos de trabalho

ROL DEL ENFERMERO/A RURAL EN LA REGIÓN DE LA ARAUCANÍA CHILE: PERCEPCIÓN DE USUARIOS Y ENFERMEROS

La atención primaria rural ha tenido un desarrollo importante en los últimos años, acercando las acciones de los programas de salud a dicha población y aumentando considerablemente su nivel de resolución. Este estudio se propone descubrir la percepción de usuarios y enfermeros/as del sector rural respecto del rol del enfermero/a en las postas rurales de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile. Corresponde a un estudio cualitativo-descriptivo basado en las narrativas de informantes claves, desarrollado entre enero y diciembre del 2009, en las tres comunas con mayor índice de ruralidad del borde costero sur de la región. En él participaron 30 informantes; 27 usuarios de postas rurales (nueve usuarios por posta) y tres enfermeros/as, quienes atienden esos centros de salud. El análisis se efectuó mediante un proceso de segmentación, codificación, categorización, y síntesis conceptual de las narrativas recopiladas. Para asegurar el rigor del estudio se realizó triangulación de datos, de fuente informante y doble análisis. Los resultados muestran la existencia de 4 categorías en el reconocimiento del rol profesional: las funciones, imagen o representación a partir de sus acciones y continuidad, competencias profesionales concentradas en habilidades, conocimientos y destrezas; y finalmente la concepción del cuidado enfermero/a. Los resultados describen al enfermero/a rural parcialmente visualizado por usuarios, destacando la amabilidad, conocimiento, habilidad técnica y consejería como factores identitarios del rol. Mientras que los enfermeros/as se caracterizan por compromiso social, capacidad adaptativa, proactividad y manejo de tecnologías

Journals in Beall's list perform as a group less well than other open access journals indexed in Scopus but reveal large differences among publishers

The list of potential, possible or probable predatory scholarly open access (OA) publishers compiled by Jeffrey Beall was examined to determine the effect of their inclusion upon authors, and a possible bias against OA journals. Manually collected data from the publication archives of a sample of 250 journals from Beall publishers reveals a strong tendency towards a decline in their article output during 2012–2020. A comparison of the subset of 506 Beall journals indexed in Scopus with a benchmark set of other OA journals in Scopus with similar characteristics shows that Beall journals reveal as a group a strong decline in citation impact over the years, and reached an impact level far below that of their benchmarks. The Beall list of publishers was found to be heterogeneous in terms of bibliometric indicators but to be clearly differentiated from OA journals not included in the list. The same bibliometric comparison against comparable non-OA journals reveal similar, but less marked, differences in citation and publication growth.peerReviewe