Attitudes of a sample of students from the murcia region towards magrebian immigrants

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el nivel de prejuicio hacia los inmigrantes magrebíes en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios (de las titulaciones de Medicina y Enfermería) y estudiantes de E.S.O y Bachillerato de la Región de Murcia (n=323). Para ello utilizamos las escalas de prejuicio sutil y manifiesto de Pettigrew y Meertens, adaptadas al español por Rueda y Navas y una escala de emociones y sentimientos hacia el colectivo magrebí. Los resultados indican que 5 de cada 10 estudiantes muestran racismo sutil hacia los inmigrantes magrebíes. Además, los estudiantes de E.S.O/Bachillerato obtienen una media más alta en la escala de prejuicio sutil que los estudiantes universitarios (3,8 vs. 4,1; P <0,05). Cuando consideramos los sentimientos y las emociones hacia los magrebíes, los sujetos “fanáticos” muestran emociones negativas más intensas que los “sutiles”, tales como odio y asco. Por el contrario, los sentimientos que los magrebíes suscitan fundamentalmente en los sujetos “sutiles” son los de inseguridad, incomodidad y miedo. Se discute la relación entre estos hallazgos y el impacto de los atentados terroristas del 11 de marzo en la población española.ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to analyse the kind of prejudice towards Magrebian immigrants among university and high school students from the Murcia Region (Spain), n=323. An adapted version of the Pettigrew and Meertens Scales (the Blatant and the Subtle prejudice scales) done by Rueda and Navas, was used. A scale about feelings and emotions towards the immigrants was also administered. Results showed that 5 in every 10 subjects exhibited “subtle” racism. In addition, high school students obtained higher mean scores in the subtle prejudice scale than university students (3.8 vs. 4.1, P <0.05). Regarding the feelings and emotions scale, strong negative emotions, such as hate and disgust, were more intense among “blatant” subjects. Negative feelings more commonly exhibited by “subtle” subjects were insecurity, fear and uneasiness. The relation of these results with the impact of the terrorist attacks of March, 11th on the Spanish population is discussed

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function.Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system.Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9.2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6.6 versus 8.0 per cent; P = 0.499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0.90, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.46; P = 0.659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34.7 versus 39.5 per cent; major 3.3 versus 3.4 per cent; P = 0.110).Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and the risk of postoperative pneumonia: an international, prospective cohort study

Aim: Aspiration is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with postoperative ileus. Insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) is often performed, but this can be distressing. The aim of this study was to determine whether the timing of NGT insertion after surgery (before versus after vomiting) was associated with reduced rates of pneumonia in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Method: This was a preplanned secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery between January 2018 and April 2018 were eligible. Those receiving a NGT were divided into three groups, based on the timing of the insertion: routine NGT (inserted at the time of surgery), prophylactic NGT (inserted after surgery but before vomiting) and reactive NGT (inserted after surgery and after vomiting). The primary outcome was the development of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery, which was compared between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups using multivariable regression analysis. Results: A total of 4715 patients were included in the analysis and 1536 (32.6%) received a NGT. These were classified as routine in 926 (60.3%), reactive in 461 (30.0%) and prophylactic in 149 (9.7%). Two hundred patients (4.2%) developed pneumonia (no NGT 2.7%; routine NGT 5.2%; reactive NGT 10.6%; prophylactic NGT 11.4%). After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant difference in pneumonia rates was detected between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.56–1.87, P = 0.932). Conclusion: In patients who required the insertion of a NGT after surgery, prophylactic insertion was not associated with fewer cases of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery compared with reactive insertion