58 research outputs found
Cholesterol improves the transfection efficiency of polyallylamine as a non-viral gene delivery vector
Manipulation of Plant Defense Responses by the Tomato Psyllid (Bactericerca cockerelli) and Its Associated Endosymbiont Candidatus Liberibacter Psyllaurous
Some plant pathogens form obligate relationships with their insect vector and are vertically transmitted via eggs analogous to insect endosymbionts. Whether insect endosymbionts manipulate plant defenses to benefit their insect host remains unclear. The tomato psyllid, Bactericerca cockerelli (Sulc), vectors the endosymbiont “Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous” (Lps) during feeding on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Lps titer in psyllids varied relative to the psyllid developmental stage with younger psyllids harboring smaller Lps populations compared to older psyllids. In the present study, feeding by different life stages of B. cockerelli infected with Lps, resulted in distinct tomato transcript profiles. Feeding by young psyllid nymphs, with lower Lps levels, induced tomato genes regulated by jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) (Allene oxide synthase, Proteinase inhibitor 2, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 5, Pathogenesis-related protein 1) compared to feeding by older nymphs and adults, where higher Lps titers were found. In addition, inoculation of Lps without insect hosts suppressed accumulation of these defense transcripts. Collectively, these data suggest that the endosymbiont-like pathogen Lps manipulates plant signaling and defensive responses to benefit themselves and the success of their obligate insect vector on their host plant
Prediction of Thermodynamic Properties of Novolak-Type Phenolic Resin and Aliphatic Polyester Blends: Painter−Coleman Association Model Study of Compositional Homogeneity
Crystallographic ab initio protein structure solution below atomic resolution
4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table.-- PMID: 19684596 [PubMed].-- Printed version published Sep 2009.Supporting information (Suppl. figs S1-S2, suppl. table S1 and suppl. results) available at: http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v6/n9/suppinfo/nmeth.1365_S1.htmlMore information on Arcimboldo available at: http://chango.ibmb.csic.es/ARCIMBOLDO/Ab initio macromolecular phasing has been so far limited to small proteins diffracting at atomic resolution (beyond 1.2 Å) unless heavy atoms are present. We describe a general ab initio phasing method for 2 Å data, based on combination of localizing model fragments such as small á-helices with Phaser and density modification with SHELXE. We implemented this approach in the program Arcimboldo to solve a 222-amino-acid structure at 1.95 Å.This work was supported by the European Union Integrated Project Biocrystallography (X) on a highly integrated technology platform for European Structural Genomics, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant BIO2006-06653), Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG-IRTG1422) and the Max Planck Society. D.D.R. thanks Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas for grant I3PMas_08_00057 for the Master in Crystallography and Crystallization, Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo. We are also grateful to Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya for its contribution to grid computing.Peer reviewe
Increased receptor-mediated gene delivery to the liver by protamine-enhanced-asialofetuin-lipoplexes
Polyamidoamine Dendron-Bearing Lipids as a Nonviral Vector: Influence of Dendron Generation
Polyplex Formation between PEGylated Linear Cationic Block Copolymers and DNA: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies
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