Petrology and mineralogy of the Yamato-86720 carbonaceous chondrite

Phyllosilicate clasts in Yamato-86720 consist mainly of dehydrated serpentine (or chlorite) and sodian talc (or saponite) components, which are the most homogeneous in chemical compositions among those in CM chondrites. They were produced from chondrules by intense hydrous alteration, resulting in the homogeneous composition of the phyllosilicates. Metal spherules and troilite grains in original chondrules have also altered to ovoidal phyllosilicate inclusions and unusual carbonate-phyllosilicates inclusions, respectively. The CaO content of the original chondrules was retained within them as the unusual carbonate-phyllosilicate inclusions, which resulted in the low CaO content of the Y-86720 matrix. The matrix is different in composition from the clast phyllosilicates, suggesting that the two were produced in conditions different from each other. Pyrrhotite grains in clasts and matrix have altered probably to ferrihydrite, which have produced Fe-rich halos around the pyrrhotite grains after the agglomeration of Y-86720 and prior to a heating event. The heating event took place in the final stage of the chondrite formation, resulting in dehydration of phyllosilicates and reduction of ferrihydrite to Co-Ni-poor kamacite

Evaluation of the Seismic Behavior on Sandy Ground with Built-Up Pore Water Pressures by Effective Stress Analysis

It is important to consider the non-linear behavior of the soil in evaluating the seismic behavior of the ground during the large ground motion. Pore water pressures, in the order of 75% of the initial mean confining pressures, were observed at the liquefaction observation sites near the Lake Utonai in Hokkaido, Japan during the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake. In the current study, effective stress analysis and total stress non-linear analysis were carried out incorporating both strain-dependent non-linearity and non-linear built-up of pore pressures. The following conclusions were reached: (1) Seismic behavior of the ground, acceleration of the surface ground, transfer functions etc., obtained from the effective analysis were sufficient to predict the observed records; (2) It was found from these analyses that shear strain was reached to 1 or 2x10-3 and pore water pressure ratio was built up to between 0.2 and 0.4 during the earthquake; (3) The amplitude and phase of the acceleration at the ground surface by effective and total stress analyses agreed well; and (4) The influence of the excess pore water pressure on the seismic behavior of the ground surface is not so significant when the excess pore water pressure ratio was less than 0.4 in general

Upgraded source modeling for predicting engineering strong ground motions reflecting nonlinear site effects

学位の種別:論文博士University of Tokyo(東京大学

Disability Prevention Programs for Older People: Factors Associated with Medical and Nursing Care Costs

This study aimed to clarify factors associated with medical and nursing care costs for older people living in community and to suggest an effective disability prevention programs. Total of participants in this study was 83 individuals (29 men and 54 women; mean age 81.2 ± 6.3 years old) on November 1st – December 28th, 2014. This study compared the average medical and nursing care costs per month with national average for those aged ≥ 65 years old. Logistic regression test was conducted to examine its association with medical and nursing care costs. Those who had outing activities ≥ 3 times a week were approximately three times less likely to reduce medical and nursing care costs than those who had outing activities < 3 times a week despite three controlled covariates (OR = 3.23 and 95% CI = 1.03 – 10.42). Disability prevention programs that improve frequency of outing at least three times in a week may become a valid economic approach to older people who do not live in nursing home

Effect of surface layer freeze to soil-pile interaction

To assess earthquake resistance of new or existing structures and predict earthquake damage of structures, it is important to properly evaluate the response of the structure at the time of the earthquake. In cold regions however, where the ground can freeze in winter, the dynamic soil-foundation interaction can change with the change in the density and stiffness of the frozen side soil. This paper examines in a quantitative manner, the influence of freezing of ground on the dynamic soil grouped piles interaction., It is shown herein that the grouped piles in the frozen ground tend to follow the motion of the ground over a wider range of frequency. Furthermore, it is shown that even when the freezing depth is much thinner than the characteristic length of piles determined by the stiffness ratio of the ground and the group pile, the pile cap stiffness at the time of freezing becomes noticeably large. It is confirmed that the freezing of the ground can greatly affect the interaction between the ground and the piles

Interleukin-6 upregulates the expression of PMP22 in cultured rat Schwann cells via a JAK2-dependent pathway

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系The interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines is thought to be involved in the development and regeneration of peripheral nerves; however, their roles in myelination remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of IL-6 on the expression of genes for compact myelin proteins using Schwann cell cultures prepared by multiple explantation of adult rat sciatic nerves. In semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, stimulation of Schwann cells with IL-6 significantly increased the mRNA level of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), but not those of myelin protein zero and myelin basic protein. The increase in PMP22 mRNA was markedly suppressed by AG490, a Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor, but not significantly by PD098059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that IL-6 enhanced immunoreactivities for the phosphorylated forms of both JAK2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), as well as that for PMP22. These results indicate that IL-6 can enhance PMP22 production in Schwann cells via a JAK2-dependent pathway by probably activating STAT3 and thus may contribute to myelination. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

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The one-step preparation of 1-nitrobicyclo[3.1.0]­hexane and bicycloisoxazoline-<i>N</i>-oxide was readily achieved from conjugate adducts of nitro alkenes and allylmalonates by treatment with Ag₂O and iodine under basic conditions. We observed that when a primary alkyl group was present at the β-position of the nitro group, bicyclo[3.1.0]­hexane was preferentially formed, whereas if a secondary alkyl group occupied that position, isoxazoline-<i>N</i>-oxide was predominantly produced. High <i>cis</i>-selectivity was observed for the formation of cyclopentane units for both reactions. An iodomethyl adduct, considered an intermediate of the cyclization, was isolated, and its conversion to isoxazoline-<i>N</i>-oxide was successfully achieved. The isoxazoline-<i>N</i>-oxide underwent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with alkenes to yield tricycloheterocyclic compounds, which were readily converted to spirolactam in good yield by reductive cleavage of N–O bonds using Raney-Ni. On the other hand, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the isoxazoline-<i>N</i>-oxide to terminal alkynes yielded tricyclic aziridines stereoselectively

Risk of bleeding and repeated bleeding events in prasugrel-treated patients: a review of data from the Japanese PRASFIT studies

Prasugrel is a third-generation thienopyridine that achieves potent platelet inhibition with less pharmacological variability than other thienopyridines. However, clinical experience suggests that prasugrel may be associated with a higher risk of de novo and recurrent bleeding events compared with clopidogrel in Japanese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this review, we evaluate the risk of bleeding in Japanese patients treated with prasugrel at the doses (loading/maintenance doses: 20/3.75 mg) adjusted for Japanese patients, evaluate the risk factors for bleeding in Japanese patients, and examine whether patients with a bleeding event are at increased risk of recurrent bleeding. This review covers published data and new analyses of the PRASFIT (PRASugrel compared with clopidogrel For Japanese patIenTs) trials of patients undergoing PCI for acute coronary syndrome or elective reasons. The bleeding risk with prasugrel was similar to that observed with the standard dose of clopidogrel (300/75 mg), including when bleeding events were re-classified using the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria. The pharmacodynamics of prasugrel was not associated with the risk of bleeding events. The main risk factors for bleeding events were female sex, low body weight, advanced age, and presence of diabetes mellitus. Use of a radial puncture site was associated with a lower risk of bleeding during PCI than a femoral puncture site. Finally, the frequency and severity of recurrent bleeding events during continued treatment were similar between prasugrel and clopidogrel. In summary, this review provides important insights into the risk and types of bleeding events in prasugrel-treated patients. Trial registration numbers: JapicCTI-101339 and JapicCTI-111550