明治初期,自由民権運動の展開と相剋 : 福沢諭吉における「民権と国権」のはざまで : 自由民権研究序説

「明治初期,自由民権運動の展開と相剋」と題する本論文は,明治の変革のイデオロギーともいうべき自由民権思想が,世代によってその理解がいかに異なるかを,福沢諭吉を中心とする天保年間生まれの思想家たちと,その後の弘化,安政年間に生まれ,明治維新の時期に成年期に達した人々の観念とを対比し,維新の変革に内在させていた緒矛盾の一端を明らかにしようとしたものである。紙面の制約もあり,「天保の老人たち」については一応ふれることができたが,植木枝盛や馬場辰猪,中江兆民および大井憲太郎等の思想や活動については,充分に展開することができなかった。テーマが大きすぎ,福沢諭吉の思想に傾斜しすぎたが,機会が許せば,明治の青年たちの思想と福沢等天保の老人たちとの思想的な相剋と葛藤についてもふれたいのであるが,今回は筆者の不手際もあり,残念乍ら果たすことができず,故藤原教授の御霊前にお詫びする次第である

Is Adjuvant Chemotherapy Necessary in Patients with Early Endometrial Cancer?

Background: We investigated whether there was a difference in prognosis between patients with stage IA endometrial cancer with and without lymphovascular space invasion. Methods: We enrolled patients with stage IA (pT1aN0M0) endometrial cancer admitted to our hospital from 2009 to 2018. All patients underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy. We immunopathologically evaluated the presence or absence of lymphovascular space invasion in the tumor tissue using hematoxylin and eosin, Elastica-van Gieson, and podoplanin staining. We analyzed disease-free and overall survival and calculated patients’ survival distribution using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. The multivariate analysis was performed to determine the prognostic factors. Results: A total of 116 patients were included. The median age of the patients was 57 (range, 30–78) years, and the histological subtype revealed 98 and 18 cases of types 1 and 2, respectively. The median follow-up period was 71.9 (range, 10.8–149) months, and the 3-year disease-free and 3-year overall survival rates were 94% and 99%, respectively. The disease-free and overall survival rates were significantly shorter in type 2 patients than in type 1 patients (type 2 vs. type 1; 77% vs. 97%, P < 0.01, 94% vs. 100%, P = 0.014, respectively). The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that there were no significant differences in disease-free survival between the lymphovascular space invasion-positive and -negative groups among type 1 cases. Conclusion: There was no difference in prognosis between patients with stage IA and type 1 endometrial cancer with and without lymphovascular space invasion

An Up-to-Date Anti-Cancer Treatment Strategy Focusing on HIF-1α Suppression: Its Application for Refractory Ovarian Cancer

Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) predominantly determines the transcriptional activity of HIF-1, which induces the certain genetic expressions to participate in the proliferation and progression of the tumor. It is supposed that HIF-1α is also an extremely important factor in cancer treatment. Based on the results of our recent analyses using ovarian tumors, which indicated the close association of HIF-1α expression with the acquisition of malignancy and the characterization of histology, we further investigated the possibility of a new strategy of cancer therapy that targeted HIF-1α inhibition in the ovarian carcinoma. The cell line HUOCA-II, which originates from the refractory ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma, was treated with rapamycin. The inhibitory effect of HIF-1α was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. It was demonstrated that inhibition of HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions would lead to the down-regulation of tumor cell proliferation. Interestingly, there was little or no change in GLUT-1 expression by rapamycin administration. Thus, the inhibition of GLUT-1 may also be a key for the new strategy of cancer therapy as well as HIF-1α and VEGF

Adult phenology of two species of tiger beetles (Carabidae, Cicindelinae) and estimates of population size of Cylindela elisae , in Tottori Sand Dunes, Honshu, Japan in 2016.

2015年の調査に引き続き，2016年の夏季にも鳥取砂丘オアシス周辺で標識再捕により，当地で絶滅が心配されるエリザハンミョウの生息数を推定した。マークできた個体はエリザハンミョウが270（昨年は304），カワラハンミョウが170（昨年は77），コハンミョウが4（昨年は1：昨年調査の報告書である鶴崎ら2016では「コニワハンミョウ」と誤記）であった。Jolly-Seber法によるエリザハンミョウの個体数推定値はもっとも多かった調査日（6月28日と7月16日）でともに約1,460で，2015年の2,300個体よりも少なかった。おそらく2016年の夏季の高気温のため，成虫の出現期は2015年よりも早く推移し，6 月中旬には成虫が出現し，8月下旬には終息した。エリザハンミョウの幼虫の営巣地はオアシス周辺の尻無川右岸の裸地であるが，成虫は左岸のコウボウシバ群落でも見つかった。カワラハンミョウの成虫は6月下旬から10月上旬まで見られ，170個体をマークしたが再捕獲できた個体は皆無であった。コハンミョウは尻無川の近くで4個体マークしたが本種も再捕獲にいたらなかった。昨年の2個体（マークしたのは1個体）に続けての確認で，細々ではあるが，本種は当地で世代を繰り返している可能性が高い。 / Following a survey of the population size of a tiger beetle species, Cylindera elisae(Motschulsky,1859) in the Tottori Sand Dunes, Tottori City, in 2015 (Tsurusaki et al.2016), we estimated population size of　the same population of the same species also in 2016 by using mark-recapture experiments. A total of　270 adults of Cy. elisae , 170 adults of Chaetodera laetescripta (Motschulsky, 1860) and 4 adults of Myriochila　speculifera (Chevrolat, 1865) (This species was　erroneously recorded as Cicindela　transbaicalica japanensis　Chaudoir, 1863 in Tsurusaki et al. 2016) were individually marked during the summer in 2016.　None of　those　adults marked were recaptured for the　two latter species. The highest number of　adults of Cy. elisae estimated　by the Jolly-Seber method was ca. 1,460 recorded on both　28 June and 16 July

Application of artificial sunlight for the elderly as a possible environmental nursing practice

Aging and aged societies have arrived in many countries where significant development of medicine and the economy has been achieved. Japan is a highly aged society with a shortage of carers both at home and in long-term care settings. In fact, more persons of advanced age who do not need intensive care in hospitals strongly desire health care to be delivered in their own home with their family. Environmental nursing practice, which means that nurses improve the environment of patients or the elderly properly in accordance with healthcare considerations, is currently playing a more important role, not only to prevent the elderly from contracting various diseases, but also to provide a facility for supporting an aged person to live a fulfilling life, preferably one that includes independence. This approach will lead to a reduction in medical expenditure by increasing the number of aged people with healthy longevity without the need for hospitalization or intensive care. This short communication focuses on healthy lighting for the elderly based on our research and experience regarding the beneficial effects of artificial sunlight on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), asthma and food allergy, and ulcerative colitis in experimental animal models and clinical settings. Then, we review other studies and discuss how artificial sunlight would be useful for the elderly as one of the environmental nursing practices

Beam and SKS spectrometers at the K1.8 beam line

High-resolution spectrometers for both incident beams and scattered particles have been constructed at the K1.8 beam line of the Hadron Experimental Facility at J-PARC. A point-to-point optics is realized between the entrance and exit of QQDQQ magnets for the beam spectrometer. Fine-pitch wire chamber trackers and hodoscope counters are installed in the beam spectrometer to accept a high rate beam up to 107 Hz. The superconducting kaon spectrometer for scattered particles was transferred from KEK with modifications to the cryogenic system and detectors. A missing-mass resolution of 1.9 ± 0.1 MeV/c2 (FWHM) was achieved for the ∑ peaks of (π±, K+) reactions on a proton target in the first physics run of E19 in 2010