Transformation of approaches to determine influence factors in the economic development models

Purpose: The research paper deals with the development of new scientific solutions regarding the identification of influence factors in the economic development models for developed and developing countries. The paper emphasizes the key significance of modelling within the framework of the study of economic growth at the level of world, national and regional economies (macro- and mesolevel). Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the objectives of this study the main components of economic development models were discussed. Findings: The transformation of the approaches of scholars to identify the influence factors within the historical change of the economic development models is noted. It was emphasized that the overwhelming majority of scholars use three factors of influence (land, labour, capital) and their derivatives in the “old”, “new” and regional economic development models, which is insufficient in the current conditions of economic systems at the macro- and mesolevel. Practical implications: Two related economic development models for developed countries and developing countries are proposed for use; key influence factors within these models are identified. Originality/value: It is emphasized that capital, human resources, level of innovations and competitive advantages are important for ensuring the economic development of developed countries, and the level of corruption and the level of the shadow economy are added to the above-mentioned components for developing countries.peer-reviewe

ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ МОЛОДІ УКРАЇНИ ДО ВІДБУДОВИ ВАЖКОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ ДОНБАСУ (1943–1955 РР.)

В статті аналізуються основні методи залучення молоді з різних регіонів України до відновлення підприємств важкої промисловості на території Донецького вугільного басейну, протягом 1943–1955 рр. Встановлено, що молодь до масштабної відбудови на Донбасі залучали переважно військово-адміністративними методами: оргнаборами, мобілізаціями, комсомольсько-молодіжними призовами та ін. З’ясовано, що через зневажання елементарних прав людини, психологічний дискомфорт, відірваність від рідних місць, вкрай важкі умови праці, проживання і побутового обслуговування частина молодих людей покинула шахти, фабрики та повернулася до своїх домівок. Ключові слова: Донбас, молодь, матеріально-побутові умови, міграція, мобілізація, повоєнна відбудова

The legal basis of expanding the powers of local councils in the sphere of land relations

The article studies the process of decentralization of power regarding the distribution of powers of the authorities in the sphere of land relations, namely relations of possession, use and disposition of land. It is established that today at the legislative level the powers of local authorities in the sphere of land relations are greatly expanded. Nevertheless, these changes only initiate the implementation of the Concept of reform. They need to be continued and implemented by consolidating and amending the current legislation.У статті здійснено дослідження процесу децентралізації влади щодо розподілу повноважень влади в галузі земельних відносин, а саме відносин щодо володіння, користування і розпорядження землею. Встановлено, що сьогодні на законодавчому рівні значно розширені повноваження органів місцевого самоврядування в галузі земельних відносин. Але все ж таки ці зміни лише започатковують впровадження Концепції реформування. Необхідно продовжувати і в подальшому впроваджувати в життя шляхом нормативного закріплення і внесення змін до чинного законодавства.В статье проведено исследование процесса децентрализации власти относительно распределения полномочий власти в сфере земельных отношений, а именно отношений по владению, пользованию и распоряжению землей. Установлено, что сегодня на законодательном уровне значительно расширены полномочия органов местного самоуправления в сфере земельных отношений. Но все же эти изменения только начинают внедрение Концепции реформирования. Необходимо продолжать и в дальнейшем внедрять в жизнь путем нормативного закрепления и внесения изменений в действующее законодательство

ДЕМОГРАФІЧНА ДИНАМІКА: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ КОНТЕКСТНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ТА РЕГІОНАЛЬНЕ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ

In this study the peculiarities of demographic trends of Ukraine and in a separate region are revealed; and selective regional forecasting with the distribution of the population according to the parameters of the area for the purposes of the environmental project is provided.The authors used methods of dynamic, structural and comparative analysis and methods of regional demographic forecasting for the purposes of an environmental project using time series. The sample was formed on the basis of the period from 1989 to 2021 with a differentiated breakdown for various purposes of the following indicators: population size, number of births and deaths, country and region migration indicators, sampled demographic indicators with a distribution of parameters by area (urban and rural), shares of demographic indicators of the region in the country. The obtained results proved the existence of different statistical configurations of demographic dynamics in the country and the region, as well as the differences in rural and urban areas. Within the framework of this study, downward demographic trends in Ukraine were quantitatively confirmed, and it was found that they differ from those in Zakarpattia. The identified differences related to the period of the «demographic cross», the configuration of the dynamics, the nature of natural and migratory growth/decline and their impact on the general demographic picture. In general, Zakarpattia demonstrated greater demographic stability and the presence of population growth over a long period of time, although the dynamics have also changed in recent years.The authors confirmed the importance of contextual analysis for choosing a demographic forecasting method and the possibility of using variable time series to obtain more reliable statistical forecasts.In order to take into account the demographic changes associated with the war, migration processes in the region were analyzed and the corresponding permanence of a certain part of IDPs and, in addition, communities with their large concentration in Zakarpattia Oblast, were identified. In general, the monitoring of the number of IDPs was carried out across all communities. For the purposes of the project, this value was added to the permanent number of OTG under three scenarios.У дослідженні виявлено особливості демографічних тенденцій України та окремого регіону і вибіркового регіонального прогнозування з розподілом населення за параметрами місцевості для цілей екологічного проєкту. Отримані результати засвідчили наявність різних статистичних конфігурацій демографічної динаміки у країні та регіоні, а також її відмінності у сільській та міській місцевості. У межах дослідження було кількісно підтверджено спадні демографічні тенденції в Україні і було з’ясовано, що на Закарпатті вони відрізняються. Виявлені відмінності стосуються періоду виникнення «демографічного хреста», конфігурації динаміки, характеру природних та міграційних приростів/спадів та їх впливів на загальну демографічну картину. В цілому Закарпаття за досліджуваний період демонструвало більшу демографічну стабільність та наявність приростів населення протягом тривалого періоду, хоча за останні роки динаміка теж змінилася. Авторами було підтверджено важливість контекстного аналізу для вибору методу демографічного прогнозування та можливість застосування варіативних часових рядів для отримання надійніших статистичних прогнозів

Garbage in, garbage out: how reliable training data improved a virtual screening approach against SARS-CoV-2 MPro

Introduction: The identification of chemical compounds that interfere with SARS-CoV-2 replication continues to be a priority in several academic and pharmaceutical laboratories. Computational tools and approaches have the power to integrate, process and analyze multiple data in a short time. However, these initiatives may yield unrealistic results if the applied models are not inferred from reliable data and the resulting predictions are not confirmed by experimental evidence.Methods: We undertook a drug discovery campaign against the essential major protease (MPro) from SARS-CoV-2, which relied on an in silico search strategy –performed in a large and diverse chemolibrary– complemented by experimental validation. The computational method comprises a recently reported ligand-based approach developed upon refinement/learning cycles, and structure-based approximations. Search models were applied to both retrospective (in silico) and prospective (experimentally confirmed) screening.Results: The first generation of ligand-based models were fed by data, which to a great extent, had not been published in peer-reviewed articles. The first screening campaign performed with 188 compounds (46 in silico hits and 100 analogues, and 40 unrelated compounds: flavonols and pyrazoles) yielded three hits against MPro (IC50 ≤ 25 μM): two analogues of in silico hits (one glycoside and one benzo-thiazol) and one flavonol. A second generation of ligand-based models was developed based on this negative information and newly published peer-reviewed data for MPro inhibitors. This led to 43 new hit candidates belonging to different chemical families. From 45 compounds (28 in silico hits and 17 related analogues) tested in the second screening campaign, eight inhibited MPro with IC50 = 0.12–20 μM and five of them also impaired the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells (EC50 7–45 μM).Discussion: Our study provides an example of a virtuous loop between computational and experimental approaches applied to target-focused drug discovery against a major and global pathogen, reaffirming the well-known “garbage in, garbage out” machine learning principle

Gazdynamic characteristics of the centrifugal compressor calculation

Gas-dynamic characteristics of the compressor make it possible to evaluate its energy and economic properties, to predict the values of capacity, the generated gas pressure and the power consumption during the compressor operation. For more in-depth consideration of the compressor, it is desirable to have the characteristics of its individual stages. The element-by-element analysis of the characteristics of each stage makes it possible to improve the coordination of the operation of the individual elements with each other and thereby improve the gas-dynamic characteristics of the compressor. The loss factor and the static pressure recovery factor can be used as the values characterizing the properties of the individual elements of the stage. Coefficients are suitable for evaluating the energy properties of any element of the stage. To assess the effect of the element in question on the economy of the stage, it is necessary to establish what proportion of the work required for compression is the "loss" of energy in a given element, i.e. find the reduction in efficiency stage due to dissipation of energy into heat in this element. Calculation of performance of the centrifugal compressor is performed from the inlet to the outlet using the equations of state, of process, of continuity and conservation of energy. The initial data are geometric parameters of the compressor, the composition and the initial parameters of compressed gas, the rotational speed of the rotor. The basis of the elementwise calculation of gas-dynamic characteristics is the gas-dynamic characteristics of the stage elements. The calculation can be performed using the characteristics of the stage elements taken from the own bank of experimental data or using the generalized characteristics of the stage elements. To obtain generalized characteristics of the impeller, blade and no-blade diffusers, reverse guide vanes, experimental data were used, published in the works of Galerkin, Den, Rees, Seleznev and others, as well as experimental data obtained by the author. The generalized characteristics are obtained in the form of analytical dependences of the loss coefficients on the angles of attack or flow angles by approximation of experimental data. These dependences were used to analyze the gas-dynamic characteristics of a centrifugal compressor, which made it possible to develop recommendations for their improvement

Design of high efficiency centrifugal compressors stages

The modern trend in compressor industry is an extension of the use of multi-shaft centrifugal compressors. Multi-shaft compressors have a number of advantages over single-shaft. The design of such compressors gives opportunity to use an axial inlet for all stages and select the optimum rotational speed for each pair of impellers, which, along with the cooling of the gas after each stage, makes possible to achieve high levels of efficiency. The design of high-efficiency centrifugal compressor stages can be performed on the basis of highly effective stage elements. Such elements are: impellers with spatial blades, vaned and channel diffusers with given velocity distribution. In this paper, impellers with axial-radial blades are considered. The blade profile is determined by the specified pressure distribution along the blade. Such design improves the structure of the gas flow in the interblade channels of the impeller, which leads to an increase in its efficiency. Characteristics of loss coefficients from attack angles for impellers were obtained experimentally. Vaned and channel diffusers, the characteristics of which are given in this article, are designed with the given velocity distribution along the vane. Compared to the classic type of diffuser, such diffusers have lower losses and a wider range of economical operation. For diffusers as well as for impellers, characteristics of loss coefficients from attack angles were obtained. High efficient impellers and diffusers and obtained gas-dynamic characteristics were used in the design of a multi-shaft compressor unit for the production of liquefied natural gas. The initial pressure of the unit is 3bar. The obtained characteristics of loss coefficients from attack angles for the considered impellers and diffusers make it possible to calculate the gas-dynamic characteristics of high-efficient centrifugal compressors stages. The high-efficient centrifugal compressors stages can be designed using high-efficient elements, such as: impeller with spatial blades and vaned diffuser with given velocity distribution

Waste blast furnace slags as raw materials for the production of binders

Problem. Industrial waste accumulating in dumps, in many cases, have valuable technical properties, so they can be considered as secondary resources. Тhe study of the properties and modification of slags under various conditions requires an integrated approach, including different analysis. Goal. Based on the selected experimental methods to justify the resource value of Zaporizhstal waste blast furnace slag.  Methodology. The methods of the study were X-ray diffraction, gamma-spectrometry, spectrographic analysis and electron-probe microanalysis. Results. X-ray phase analysis revealed the minerals of the blast-furnace slags in the crystalline state: rankinite 3CaO∙2SiO2, quartz SiO2, gehlenite 2CaO∙Al2O3∙SiO2, bredigit α-2CaO∙SiO2, okermanit 2CaO∙MgO∙2SiO2, pseudowollastonite α-CaO∙SiO2. The mass fraction of the glassy component is calculated, which is half the mass of Zaporizhstal blast furnace slag. The elemental composition of the slag, determined by electron probe microanalysis, made it possible to characterize its fractions from the standpoint of toxicity. The elements potassium, sodium, sulfur, chlorine, copper and titanium, which are not included in the composition of minerals, were recorded using a scanning electron microscope, which gives grounds for assuming that they are sorbed by the surface of mineral particles. Micrographs of the surface of the particles of blast furnace slag indicate a high degree of loosening with the presence of needle-like and plate-like crystals, which determines the sorption properties of the slag. The maximum content of potassium, sodium and titanium is characteristic of the 2.5–5 mm fraction. Slag contains an insignificant amount (<1 %) of compounds of metals Fe, Ti and Cu belonging to the 3rd hazard class of substances, which does not interfere with the further disposal of slag. The III hazard class of waste slag blast furnace slag has been determined. Gamma-spectrometric method determined the specific radioactivity and the effective specific activity of slag fractions. Natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were detected. It is proved that slag and its separate fractions belong to the first class of radiation hazard and can be used in building industry without restriction. Originality. The minerals okermanit, bredigit, pseudovollastonite are technically valuable in the production of binding materials, since they have hydraulic activity. The presence of amorphous phases indicates increased sorption and chemical activity of slag, which is important from the standpoint of the use of slag in the production of binders. In the large slag fraction, the mass contribution of the amorphous state of the substance is slightly higher. Practical value. Zaporizhstal waste blast furnace slag can be recommended in the production of binders – Portland cement and slag Portland cement, according to a combination of chemical indicators: a high concentration of hydraulically active minerals and amorphous phase, highly developed surface of slag particles, the presence of sorption surface activity, attitude to moderately hazardous production waste and class I radiation danger

Improving the system management of farms and agricultural enterprises on the basis of controlling, accounting and information frameworks

The subject of the research is theoretical and methodological aspects and practical recommendations for improving the system management of farms and agricultural enterprises by supplementing its structure with new components and platforms or frameworks and principles of implementation

Ways to develop brands and PR management of tourism enterprises with a focus on national markets

The subject of the research is theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to the peculiarities of the formation and use of new products and brands, PR-management technologies in the development strategies of tourism enterprises with a focus on national markets and domestic consumers. The purpose of the work is to determine the features and suggest ways to form and use new products and brands, PR-management technologies in the development strategies of tourism enterprises with a focus on national markets and domestic consumers, domestic tourism in the context of global restrictions on the movement of people and international tourism activities. The methodological basis of the article is both General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. Monographic and historical methods were used in determining the content of tourism products and brands and their evolution; system-structural analysis and synthesis in justifying the types of brands (travel companies, places or destinations, types of tourism and recreation, etc.), advertising and PR-management tools with their promotion; statistical and economic, mathematical modeling and programming in the development of opportunities to attract new products and brands, PR management in marketing strategies for the development of tourism enterprises and rural green tourism enterprise