Development impact fees and employment

Development impact fees have sparked considerable controversy as they have spread rapidly in usage throughout the United States. One contentious issue is the effect that these fees have on local economic development. While some scholars have argued that impact fees attract jobs by reducing developers' uncertainty, the development community maintains that they operate as an excise tax, reducing commercial development and driving away jobs. We use Florida county level panel data, from 1990-2005, to investigate the relationship between private employment and different types of impact fees. We find that commercial fees and school fees have countervailing effects, with the former repelling jobs and the latter attracting jobs. These results are consistent with our theory driven expectations. Our investigation also suggests that differences between our results and those obtained in prior studies can be attributed to two factors: the latter studies' violation of the condition of strict exogeneity required for consistent estimation and a failure to account for differential employment effects across various types of impact fees.Land use regulation Job growth

Promoting Sustainable Land Development Patterns Through Impact Fee Programs,” Cityscape 15 (1): [graphics: add page range after layout is complete

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The Effects Of Impact Fees On Multifamily Housing Construction

Development impact fees may create more housing opportunities for lower-income households within suburban areas if there is a fiscal incentive behind the adoption of exclusionary land-use regulations. Using panel data estimation techniques that allow us to control for unobservable heterogeneity and potential endogeneities, we estimate the effects of different types of impact fees on multifamily housing construction using data from Florida counties. Impact fees earmarked for public services other than for offsite water and sewer system improvements are found to expand the stock of multifamily housing construction within inner suburban areas. Water/sewer impact fees, on the other hand, are found to reduce construction throughout the entire metropolitan area. Copyright Blackwell Publishers, 2006

Policy of Delay: Evidence from a Bayesian Analysis of Metropolitan Land-Use Choices

Do local policymakers strategically use delay in permitting development to forestall the growth machine? The mantras of smart growth and sustainable development assume local governments can balance the competing values of economic development, ecology, and equity interests in a community. We employ a political market framework to explain differences in local government land use decisions. This framework conceptualizes policy choices as resulting from the interplay between the aggregate policy demand by residents, developers, and environmental interests and the aggregate supply by government authorities. Delays can be imposed strategically through processes of development approval by city governments where industry strength and form of government vary within county-level service-delivery fragmentation. We utilize novel Bayesian multilevel modelling of data collected from 2007 and 2015 surveys of Florida city planners and find strong institutional effects and multilevel relationships.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds (UID/CPO/00758/2013) and by the“Programa Operacional da Regiao Norte,”NORTE2020,in the context of project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000037(SmartEGOV)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio