Funcionalidad de la vejiga urinaria en un modelo experimental de obesidad resistente a la insulina

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 13-01-2023El síndrome metabólico es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar el síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva (VH) tanto en hombres como en mujeres. La fisiopatología de este trastorno no es del todo conocida, aunque está demostrado que está relacionado con excesiva actividad de receptores colinérgicos muscarínicos parasimpáticos, principalmente los M3 durante la fase de vaciado, e insuficiente activación de los receptores adrenérgicos ß3 simpáticos en la fase de llenado en el músculo liso detrusor (MLD) de la vejiga. Recientemente se ha descubierto la presencia de otros neurotransmisores, como el adenosin-trifosfato (ATP) o el sulfuro de hidrógeno (H2S) y su papel en el correcto funcionamiento de la vejiga. El objetivo de este estudio es verificar la presencia y el papel de receptores cannabinoides CB1, CB2, canales iónicos receptores de potencial transitorio A1 (TRPA1) y de canales iónicos de la familia de receptores vaniloides 1 (TRPV1) en la fisiopatología de la disfunción vesical en modelo animal de obesidad resistente a insulina, las ratas Zucker. Éstos receptores podrían constituir nuevas dianas terapéuticas en el manejo de la VH en pacientes con este síndrome. A su vez estudiamos la presencia de radicales libres y la función de las enzimas antioxidantes en este modelo y su contribución a la fisiopatología de la VH...The metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance is a known risk factor for the development of detrusor overactivity in obese patients. However, many of them do not respond to available pharmacological treatments, therefore suggesting other physiopathological pathways and the involvement of other receptors and cellular agents that contribute to the development of this disorder...Fac. de FarmaciaTRUEunpu

Electronic structure investigation of the cubic inverse perovskite Sc3AlN

The electronic structure and chemical bonding of the recently discovered inverse perovskite Sc3AlN, in comparison to ScN and Sc metal have been investigated by bulk-sensitive soft x-ray emission spectroscopy. The measured Sc L, N K, Al L1, and Al L2,3 emission spectra are compared with calculated spectra using first principle density-functional theory including dipole transition matrix elements. The main Sc 3d - N 2p and Sc 3d - Al 3p chemical bond regions are identified at -4 eV and -1.4 eV below the Fermi level, respectively. A strongly modified spectral shape of 3s states in the Al L2,3 emission from Sc3AlN in comparison to pure Al metal is found, which reflects the Sc 3d - Al 3p hybridization observed in the Al L1 emission. The differences between the electronic structure of Sc3AlN, ScN, and Sc metal are discussed in relation to the change of the conductivity and elastic properties.Comment: 11 pages, 5 picture

Structural, electronic properties and Fermi surface of ThCr2Si2-type charge-balanced KFe2AsSe phase as a parent system for a new group of "mixed" pnictide-chalcogenide superconductors

The ThCr2Si2-type arsenide-selenide phase KFe2AsSe is proposed as a parent system for a new "intermediate" group of Fe-based superconducting materials bridging the known families of Fe-pnictides (such as BaFe2As2) and Fe-chalcogenides (such as KxFe2-ySe2) superconductors. The characterization of the proposed charge-balanced phase by means of FLAPW-GGA approach covers the crystal structure, As/Se atomic ordering, stability, electronic bands, Fermi surface, and density of electronic states.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Elastic properties of mono- and polycrystalline hexagonal AlB2-like diborides of s, p and d metals from first-principles calculations

We have performed accurate ab initio total energy calculations using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation potential to systematically investigate elastic properties of 18 stable, meta-stable and hypothetical hexagonal (AlB2-like) metal diborides MB2, where M = Na, Be, Mg, Ca, Al, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Ag and Au. For monocrystalline MB2 the optimized lattice parameters, independent elastic constants (Cij), bulk modules (B), shear modules (G) are obtained and analyzed in comparison with the available theoretical and experimental data. For the first time numerical estimates of a set of elastic parameters of the polycrystalline MB2 ceramics (in the framework of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation), namely bulk and shear modules, compressibility, Young's modules, Poisson's ratio, Lame's coefficients are performed.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure

Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals

ECMO for COVID-19 patients in Europe and Israel

Since March 15th, 2020, 177 centres from Europe and Israel have joined the study, routinely reporting on the ECMO support they provide to COVID-19 patients. The mean annual number of cases treated with ECMO in the participating centres before the pandemic (2019) was 55. The number of COVID-19 patients has increased rapidly each week reaching 1531 treated patients as of September 14th. The greatest number of cases has been reported from France (n = 385), UK (n = 193), Germany (n = 176), Spain (n = 166), and Italy (n = 136) .The mean age of treated patients was 52.6 years (range 16–80), 79% were male. The ECMO configuration used was VV in 91% of cases, VA in 5% and other in 4%. The mean PaO2 before ECMO implantation was 65 mmHg. The mean duration of ECMO support thus far has been 18 days and the mean ICU length of stay of these patients was 33 days. As of the 14th September, overall 841 patients have been weaned from ECMO support, 601 died during ECMO support, 71 died after withdrawal of ECMO, 79 are still receiving ECMO support and for 10 patients status n.a. . Our preliminary data suggest that patients placed on ECMO with severe refractory respiratory or cardiac failure secondary to COVID-19 have a reasonable (55%) chance of survival. Further extensive data analysis is expected to provide invaluable information on the demographics, severity of illness, indications and different ECMO management strategies in these patients