microRNA in teleost fish

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators involved in nearly all known biological processes in distant eukaryotic clades. Their discovery and functional characterization have broadened our understanding of biological regulatory mechanisms in animals and plants. They show both evolutionary conserved and unique features across Metazoa. Here, we present the current status of the knowledge about the role of miRNA in development, growth, and physiology of teleost fishes, in comparison to other vertebrates. Infraclass Teleostei is the most abundant group among vertebrate lineage. Fish are an important component of aquatic ecosystems and human life, being the prolific source of animal proteins worldwide and a vertebrate model for biomedical research. We review miRNA biogenesis, regulation, modifications, and mechanisms of action. Specific sections are devoted to the role of miRNA in teleost development, organogenesis, tissue differentiation, growth, regeneration, reproduction, endocrine system, and responses to environmental stimuli. Each section discusses gaps in the current knowledge and pinpoints the future directions of research on miRNA in teleosts

Heterogenic Origin of Micro RNAs in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Seminal Plasma

The origin and contribution of seminal plasma RNAs into the whole semen RNA repertoire are poorly known, frequently being overlooked or neglected. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing and RT-qPCR to profile microRNA (miRNA) constituents in the whole semen, as well as in fractionated spermatozoa and seminal plasma of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We found 85 differentially accumulated miRNAs between spermatozoa and the seminal plasma. We identified a number of seminal plasma-enriched and spermatozoa-enriched miRNAs. We localized the expression of some miRNAs in juvenile and mature testes. Two abundant miRNAs, miR-92a-3p and miR-202-5p, localized to both spermatogonia and somatic supporting cells in immature testis, and they were also highly abundant in somatic cells in mature testis. miR-15c-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-93a-5p, and miR-730-5p were detected only in mature testis. miRs 92a-3p, 202-5p, 15c-5p, and 30d-5p were also detected in a juvenile ovary. The RT-qPCR experiment demonstrated lack of correlation in miRNA transcript levels in seminal plasma versus blood plasma. Our results indicate that salmon semen is rich in miRNAs, which are present in both spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Testicular-supporting somatic cells are likely the source of seminal plasma enrichment, whereas blood plasma is unlikely to contribute to the seminal plasma miRNA repertoire.publishedVersio

Spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) sperm cryopreservation in 5-mL cryovials

In spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor aquaculture, cryopreservation is used to secure sperm availability throughout the entire spawning season. Under current protocols, sperm is cryopreserved in 0.5-mL straws. This implies thawing a considerable number of straws for insemination with cryopreserved sperm. In this work, we scale up the spotted wolffish sperm cryopreservation procedure through the development of a protocol for sperm cryopreservation in 5-mL cryovials. Different freezing (distances from the liquid nitrogen surface) and thawing rates were tested. The best results were obtained with cryovials frozen at a distance of 1.5 cm from the liquid nitrogen surface and thawed either at 15 or 10 °C for 4 and 6 min, respectively. Under these conditions, similar percentage of motile cells, sperm velocity and percentage of viable cells were obtained in comparison with the sperm cryopreserved in the traditional 0.5-mL straws. This protocol will facilitate the process of insemination with cryopreserved sperm in the spotted wolffish hatcheries.publishedVersionUnit License Agreemen

Sex-biased miRNA expression in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) brain and gonads

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High-throughput identification of adapters in single-read sequencing data

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FERRAMENTAS INSTITUCIONAIS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO VOLUNTARIADO

The application of the study of the history and current state of volunteering is conditioned by the presence of some systemic problems, such as political and legal, profit, environmental, and socio-artistic, which are reflected at the global and community levels. In ultra-modern countries, where the behavior and impact of destructive spheres are complex and multidimensional, it is not always possible to overcome these problems without the participation of active citizens who engage in volunteer activities. At the present stage, volunteering is an important social force in terms of the number and nature of conditionality, which, together with other political institutions such as countries, interstate and supranational associations, determines the policies and strategies of the future of humanity. Therefore, the article aims to summarize theoretical provisions on the content of volunteering, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of its historical development and current state. An equally important task is to substantiate practical recommendations on promising ways to develop domestic volunteering, in particular among students. In the course of the study, general scientific and special methods were used, which allowed for a comprehensive study of the historical, theoretical aspects, and praxeological dimensions of volunteering. The method of analysis was chosen to process scientific works on the research topic. The method of synthesis was utilized to systematize scientific developments. Besides, observation and generalization allowed us to comprehend the identified international and Ukrainian realities of volunteering development. Moreover, concretization was applied to formulate specific conclusions and proposals based on the material analyzed.A aplicação do estudo da história e estado atual do voluntariado está condicionada pela presença de alguns problemas sistémicos, como políticos e jurídicos, lucrativos, ambientais e sócio-artísticos, que se refletem a nível global e comunitário. Em países ultramodernos, onde o comportamento e o impacto das esferas destrutivas são complexos e multidimensionais, nem sempre é possível superar esses problemas sem a participação de cidadãos ativos que se engajam em atividades voluntárias. No estágio atual, o voluntariado é uma força social importante pelo número e natureza da condicionalidade, que, juntamente com outras instituições políticas como países, associações interestaduais e supranacionais, determina as políticas e estratégias do futuro da humanidade. Portanto, o artigo visa resumir as disposições teóricas sobre o conteúdo do voluntariado, para realizar uma análise abrangente de seu desenvolvimento histórico e estado atual. Uma tarefa igualmente importante é fundamentar recomendações práticas sobre formas promissoras de desenvolver o voluntariado doméstico, em particular entre os estudantes. No decorrer do estudo, foram utilizados métodos científicos gerais e especiais, que permitiram um estudo abrangente dos aspectos históricos, teóricos e praxeológicos do voluntariado. O método de análise foi escolhido para processar trabalhos científicos sobre o tema da pesquisa. O método de síntese foi utilizado para sistematizar os desenvolvimentos científicos. Além disso, a observação e a generalização permitiram-nos compreender as realidades internacionais e ucranianas identificadas de desenvolvimento do voluntariado. Além disso, a concretização foi aplicada para formular conclusões e propostas específicas com base no material analisado

Development of a New Hydrogel Anion Exchange Membrane for Swine Wastewater Treatment

We developed a proprietary anion exchange membrane (AEM) for wastewater treatment as an alternative to commercial products. Following the successful development of a hydrogel cation exchange membrane on a porous ceramic support, we used the same approach to fabricate an AEM. Different positively charged monomers and conditions were tested, and all AEMs were tested for nitrate and phosphate anion removal from buffers by electrodialysis. The best AEM was tested further with real swine wastewater for phosphate removal by electrodialysis and nitrate removal in a bioelectrochemical denitrification system (BEDS). Our new AEM showed better phosphate removal compared with a commercial membrane; however, due to its low permselectivity, the migration of cations was detected while operating a two-chambered biocathode BEDS in which the membrane was utilized as a separator. After improving the permselectivity of the membrane, the performance of our proprietary AEM was comparable to that of a commercial membrane. Because of the usage of a porous ceramic support, our AEM is self-supporting, sturdy, and easy to attach to various frames, which makes the membrane better suited for harsh and corrosive environments, such as swine and other animal farms and domestic wastewater

mtR_find : A parallel processing tool to identify and annotate RNAs derived from the mitochondrial genome

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