Monogenic Diabetes Modeling: In Vitro Pancreatic Differentiation From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Gains Momentum.

The occurrence of diabetes mellitus is characterized by pancreatic β cell loss and chronic hyperglycemia. While Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are the most common types, rarer forms involve mutations affecting a single gene. This characteristic has made monogenic diabetes an interesting disease group to model in vitro using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). By altering the genotype of the original hPSCs or by deriving human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients with monogenic diabetes, changes in the outcome of the in vitro differentiation protocol can be analyzed in detail to infer the regulatory mechanisms affected by the disease-associated genes. This approach has been so far applied to a diversity of genes/diseases and uncovered new mechanisms. The focus of the present review is to discuss the latest findings obtained by modeling monogenic diabetes using hPSC-derived pancreatic cells generated in vitro. We will specifically focus on the interpretation of these studies, the advantages and limitations of the models used, and the future perspectives for improvement

Tratamiento administrativo y penal del consumo de alcohol y otras drogas en la conducción de vehículos

El 20% de los conductores fallecidos en España en 2009 obtuvo resultados positivos en los análisis de consumo de alcohol o drogas. La conducción bajo los efectos de estas sustancias altera signifi cativamente el rendimiento psicomotor y la conducta del que maneja un vehículo, lo que incrementa de manera notable las posibilidades de sufrir un siniestro de tráfi co. La actual legislación de tráfi co -entre otros factores- ha tenido una fuerte incidencia en la disminución del número de muertos durante los últimos diez años, siendo esta reducción del 56% (Dirección General de Tráfi co, 2009). Aquellos conductores que cometen infracciones o delitos contra la seguridad vial participan en acciones sensibilizadoras y reeducadoras donde se trabajan los factores de riesgo implicados en los siniestros de tráfi co. Dos ejemplos claros de estas acciones son el 'Programa de Intervención, Sensibilización y Reeducación Vial (INCOVIA)' y el 'Taller de Actividades para el cumplimiento de trabajos en benefi cio de la comunidad relacionados con la Seguridad Vial (TASEVAL)' (Montoro, Escamilla, Lijarcio, Martí-Belda y Puchades, 2010). Pese a los resultados positivos obtenidos hasta la fecha, es necesario promover estrategias que fomenten la formación y la sensibilización de todos los sectores de la población en el ámbito de la seguridad vial, ya que la formación junto con la educación es una de las claves fundamentales hacia el cambio actitudinal que mejorará la cultura y concienciación vial.20% of dead drivers in 2009 in Spain had positive results in the analyses of alcohol or drug ingestion. Driving under the effects of these substances signifi cantly alters behavior and psychomotor driver performance and increases road risk considerably. Current traffi c laws -among other factors- have had a major impact on reducing the number of deaths over the past ten years, dropping by 56% (Dirección General de Tráfi co, 2009). Drivers who commit offenses or crimes against road safety receive specifi c training related to the risk factors which increase the probability of having an accident. Two examples are the 'Intervention, Awareness and Re-education Program (INCOVIA)' and the 'Workshop Activities for community works related to Road Safety (TASEVAL)' (Montoro, Escamilla, Lijarcio, Martí-Belda y Puchades, 2010). Despite the positive results achieved so far, there is a need to promote strategies focused on training and awareness-raising in the area of road safety for all population sectors. Training and education are fundamental keys for attitudinal change that will improve road safety awareness and culture

Preliminary study from rice husk extracts to finish textile fabrics

[EN] Nowadays, envoronmental concern is increasing and textile industry is aware of it. Circular economy are two words which are linked together and frequently used nowadays. In this report, we focus the reseach on the rice husk in order to dimish the problem rice waste generates to farmers. Rice husk was treated with some chemicals (HNO3). The extract was dried and conveniently dissolved to apply it on textile fabrics made of 100 % cotton and 100 % polyester.. The extract was dissolved on NaOH solution and applied by padding on a cotton and polyester fabric at different concentrations. The dried extract was analysed by FTIR and both the extract and fabrics were observed by FESEM-EDX to detect the presence of some particles Results evidence the presence of some particles on the fibres, despite having applied low concentrations FTIR is sensitive enough to detect its presence on fibers. It was expected to observe Si from the extract but FESEMEDX could not appreciate it. Once the treatment was applied on the fabric yellowing was observed but also water repellence thus with the FTIR spectrum gives the idea that the extract was mainly comprised of lignin. Further studies will be conducted in order to spcecify the new properties conferred to the textiles.Soler, A.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Bonet-Aracil, M. (2020). Preliminary study from rice husk extracts to finish textile fabrics. Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork (Online). 1:117-122. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165410S117122

Evaluation of learning outcomes using an educational iPhone game vs. traditional game

In this paper, we present an initial study to determine the subject preferences for educational computer games for children, in which 150 education professionals participated. From the results of this first study, we have developed an iPhone game for transmitting knowledge as part of multiculturalism, solidarity and tolerance following established learning theories, several design principles, and the objectives and competences of the Spanish law for primary education. We also report on a second study to determine whether the iPhone game has better learning outcomes than a traditional game by analyzing the participation of 84 children ranging in age from 8 to 10 years old. The frequency of playing with consoles or computer games was also taken into account in this second study, and the worldwide trend of previous studies has been corroborated. For learning outcomes, the results did not show significant differences between the two groups. However, 96% of the children indicated that they would like to play with the iPhone game again, and 90% indicated that they preferred the experience with the iPhone game over the traditional one. From these results, we can conclude that the children achieved similar knowledge improvements using both the autonomous game (iPhone game) and the custom, guided game (traditional game). This could facilitate versatility in the learning process since the learning activity could be performed at any place and time without requiring supervision. Therefore, it could be a useful tool in the learning process and help teachers to fulfill students' training needs. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was funded by the Spanish APRENDRA project (TIN2009-14319-C02).Furió Ferri, D.; González Gancedo, S.; Juan, M.; Seguí, I.; Rando, N. (2013). Evaluation of learning outcomes using an educational iPhone game vs. traditional game. Computers and Education. 64:1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.12.001S1236

Las agencias de calificación y la deuda pública en la Comunidad Valenciana

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia que han tenido los mayores niveles de endeudamiento público sobre los ratings emitidos por las agencias de calificación para la Comunidad Valenciana. La acumulación de déficits junto con el estallido de la burbuja inmobiliaria terminó por afectar de manera negativa a la contabilidad pública. Asimismo, los recursos transferidos a través del sistema de financiación tampoco ayudaron a revertir la insuficiencia de ingresos para la administración valenciana. Las restricciones presupuestarias fueron reflejadas de inmediato por las agencias de calificación a través de una reducción en sus ratings, generando dificultades para obtener nueva liquidez a través del mercado. Sin embargo, la rápida actuación del Estado posibilitó la apertura de un canal de crédito para que las comunidades cumplieran con sus obligaciones financieras. El resultado de la aplicación del Modelo Econométrico revelará que la deuda pública ha tenido una incidencia negativa sobre las calificaciones. En cierta medida, la mayor acumulación de endeudamiento generado tras la crisis financiera ha provocado una merma en la calidad crediticia de la Comunidad Valencian

The effect of the combination of multiple woven fabric and nonwoven on acoustic absorption

[EN] Textile materials can be used as acoustic materials. In this study, the acoustic absorption coefficient of multilayer fabrics with 60 ends/cm and 15, 30, 45, and 60 picks/cm is measured when the fabric is added as a resistive layer on top of a polyester nonwoven, in order to study the influence of the fabric spatial structure in the acoustic absorption of the assembly. Five different fabric structures are used. Design of experiments and data analysis tools are used to describe the influence of two manufacturing factors on the sound absorption coefficient of the ensemble. These factors are the fabric weft count (picks/cm) and the thickness of the nonwoven (mm). The experimental conditions under which the maximum sound absorption coefficient is achieved are found. The influence of each factor and a mathematical model are obtained. Results of statistical and optimization analysis show that for the same fabric density, sound absorption coefficient increases as the number of layers decreases.Segura-Alcaraz, P.; Segura Alcaraz, JG.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Bonet-Aracil, M. (2021). The effect of the combination of multiple woven fabric and nonwoven on acoustic absorption. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 50(8):1262-1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837198587711262128050

Textile industry indicators for management

Traditional accounting is based on financial indicators; the balanced scorecard divides management into different perspectives, some authors suggesting no more than four or five for each company. To measure each perspective some indicators should be defined. The aim of this work is to propose some indicators that fit each perspective for some textile companies that work in weaving fabrics. These indicators are specific for them, and very useful to help companies' management in the current circumstances of globalisation. Businesses must strive to increase their competitive advantage, which will increasingly depend on the parameters of innovation, development of new products, versatility, quality, costs, etc., and indicators will measure it.Montava Seguí, IJ.; García Paya, R.; Bonet Aracil, MA.; Díaz-García, P. (2010). Textile industry indicators for management. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. 21(1):1-9. doi:10.1080/14783360903492470S19211Heredia Álvaro, J. A. (2001). Sistema de indicadores para la mejora y el control integrado de la calidad de los procesos. doi:10.6035/athenea.2001.4Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2001). The strategy-focused organization. Strategy & Leadership, 29(3). doi:10.1108/sl.2001.26129cab.002Lleonart, P. and Garola, [Agrave]. 2003. “El impacto de la liberización de los intercambios comerciales en el sector textil confección. Gabinet D'estudis Econòmics S.A. Josep MaArús, Estudis Econòmics I Serveis Empresarials. Minesterio de Ciencia y Tecnología. Boletin Económico de ICE, 2868”. 47–5

Evaluation of flexural rigidity of cotton fabrics treated with poliurethane and acrilyc resin and montmorillonite particles

[EN] Textile manufacturers are demonstrating an increasing interest in the application of different types of micro or nanoparticles in order to add new properties to the fabric. For example, it is demostrated that fabrics treated with some type of silicate particles, like montmorillonite improve the wrinkle resistance of cotton fabric or improve the flame retardant effect, among other interesting properties. Usually these particles, are not a reactive agent that can react with the fibers. Because of that, the resin product are necessary to make them adhere to the fiber, otherwise they will be lost during the actions of treated fabric use and maintenance such as washing, ironing, drying, etc. The resin plays an important role in treating the fuctionalization of the textile. Instead, this compound can modify its properties. In this work, flexural rigidity of treated cotton fabrics with binder and with and without montmorillonite particles were evaluated. Two different resins were studied, acrilyc and poliurethane, and 1, 2.5 and 5 g/L of this product were applied. It was appreciated that fabric treated with particles modify the flexural rigidity in less difference than when treating it only with resin, regardless of the type of binder used.Author would like to acknowledge the financial support given by Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation and universities under the RETOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN, I+D+i ORIENTADA A LOS RETOS DE LA SOCIEDAD program on the 2018 call, because of the project reference RTI2018-094014-B-I0.Carette, M.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bou-Belda, E. (2020). Evaluation of flexural rigidity of cotton fabrics treated with poliurethane and acrilyc resin and montmorillonite particles. Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork. 21(2):11-14. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165406S111421

Screen printing on cotton fabric using chitosan and alginate as natural thickening agent

[EN] In the process of making a print on a fabric, several steps that require many materials and substances are involved. When the purpose is to create a pattern through the use of natural products, it is necessary to pay close attention, not only to the origin and method of extraction of the pigments that you intend to use, but also, for example, to the thickeners to be added to the paste for increasing the viscosity of the pastes and molding, to the stains to be applied for better color rendering on the fabric and to the final fixatives, designed to make the product durable. Thickeners are a fundamental step in the success of printing on fabrics. These agents are generally compounds with a high molecular weight whose task is to transfer to the fabrics the dyes and chemical compounds necessary to create the printing pattern, thanks to the plastic action that they give to the compound used. As far as the environmental consequences of the use of thickeners are concerned, starting from the analysis of the wastewater of the processes, it has emerged that the use of biodegradable additives and guar rubber on the fabrics is preferable, since they are less harmful to the ecosystem. In this work different natural compounds, chitosan and alginate, are used in order to increase the viscosity of the paste prepared for printing. Color measurement of each printed cotton simple was analized and it could be appreciated that alginate paste printed on pretreated fabric with chitosan reached good results.Rondanini, S.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bou-Belda, E. (2020). Screen printing on cotton fabric using chitosan and alginate as natural thickening agent. Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork. 21(2):77-80. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165395S778021

Influence of the size of tourmaline particles applied on polyester fabric on the release of negative ions

[EN] There are some scientific papers that verify that the generation of negative ions in the air have positive consequences on people's mood and health. In this work is intended to increase the generation of negative ions from polyester fabrics to achieve an increase in well-being and comfort through the realize of negative ions. To improve the negative ion release ability on different substrates there have been many studies which have considered silicates as a good particle with these characteristics. Polyester fabrics were treated using padding system with different tourmaline microparticles in order to modify the surface behavior when rubbed and demonstrating that it is possible to modify the number of negative ions generated. Two types of tourmaline microparticles with different size particles, 3 and 30 m, were studied and applied on the samples with and without an acrylic resin to get a better fixation. To determine the quantity of negative ions released, an ion counter was used, testing each sample. Finally, the results were studied, analyzing the different parameters that influence them, as the concentration, the addition of resin or the kind of the particle. The best results were obtained with the Tourmaline with 30 m at 50 g/L concentration and without the addition of the acrylic resin.Authors would like to acknowledge the financial support given by Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation and universities under the RETOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN, I+D+i ORIENTADA A LOS RETOS DE LA SOCIEDAD program on the 2018 call, because of the project reference RTI2018-094014-B-I0.Mira, C.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bou-Belda, E. (2020). Influence of the size of tourmaline particles applied on polyester fabric on the release of negative ions. Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork. 21(2):53-56. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165359S535621