3,260 research outputs found
The decay of massive closed superstrings with maximum angular momentum
We study the decay of a very massive closed superstring (i.e. \alpha' M^2>>
1) in the unique state of maximum angular momentum. This is done in flat
ten-dimensional spacetime and in the regime of weak string coupling, where the
dominant decay channel is into two states of masses M_1, M_2. We find that the
lifetime surprisingly grows with the first power of the mass M: T =c \alpha' M.
We also compute the decay rate for each values of M_1, M_2. We find that, for
large M, the dynamics selects only special channels of decay: modulo processes
which are exponentially suppressed, for every decay into a state of given mass
M_1, the mass M_2 of the other state is uniquely determined.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure
Long Lived Large Type II Strings: decay within compactification
Motivated also by recent revival of interest about metastable string states
(as cosmic strings or in accelerator physics), we study the decay, in presence
of dimensional compactification, of a particular superstring state, which was
proven to be remarkably long-lived in the flat uncompactified scenario. We
compute the decay rate by an exact numerical evaluation of the imaginary part
of the one-loop propagator. For large radii of compactification, the result
tends to the fully uncompactified one (lifetime T = const M^5/g^2), as
expected, the string mainly decaying by massless radiation. For small radii,
the features of the decay (emitted states, initial mass dependence,....)
change, depending on how the string wraps on the compact dimensions.Comment: 32 pages, 24 text plus appendices, 4 figure
Semiclassical decay of strings with maximum angular momentum
We study the classical breaking of a highly excited (closed or open) string
state on the leading Regge trajectory, represented by a rotating soliton
solution, and we find the resulting solutions for the outgoing two pieces,
describing two specific excited string states. This classical picture
reproduces very accurately the precise analytical relation of the masses
and of the decay products found in a previous quantum computation. The
decay rate is naturally described in terms of a semiclassical formula. We also
point out some interesting features of the evolution after the splitting
process.Comment: 18 pages, latex, 7 figure
Decay of long-lived massive closed superstring states: Exact results
We find a one-parameter family of long-lived physical string states in type
II superstring theory. We compute the decay rate by an exact numerical
evaluation of the imaginary part of the one-loop propagator. Remarkably, the
lifetime rapidly increases with the mass. We find a power-law dependence of the
form , where the value of depends on
the parameter characterizing the state. For the most stable state in this
family, one has . The dominant decay channel of these massive
string states is by emission of soft massless particles. The quantum states can
be viewed semiclassically as closed strings which cannot break during the
classical evolution.Comment: Latex, 5 figures, 35 pages (= 23 pages + appendices). Minor
correction
Handbook on string decay
We explain simple semi-classical rules to estimate the lifetime of any given
highly-excited quantum state of the string spectrum in flat spacetime. We
discuss both the decays by splitting into two massive states and by massless
emission. As an application, we study a solution describing a rotating and
pulsating ellipse which becomes folded at an instant of time -- the ``squashing
ellipse''. This string interpolates between the folded string with maximum
angular momentum and the pulsating circular string. We explicitly compute the
quantum decay rate for the corresponding quantum state, and verify the basic
rules that we propose. Finally, we give a more general (4-parameter) family of
closed string solutions representing rotating and pulsating elliptical strings.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures. Final version appeared in JHE
Multiloop divergences in the closed bosonic string theory
The structure of the divergences in the multiloop vacuum diagrams for the closed bosonic strings in the framework of the Polyakov covariant formalism is discussed. It is found, by an explicit computation, that all the divergences in the theory may be interpreted as due to tadpole diagrams in which the dilaton goes into the vacuum
Massless radiation from Strings: quantum spectrum average statistics and cusp-kink configurations
We derive general formulae for computing the average spectrum for Bosonic or
Fermionic massless emission from generic or particular sets of closed
superstring quantum states, among the many occurring at a given large value of
the number operator. In particular we look for states that can produce a
Bosonic spectrum resembling the classical spectrum expected for peculiar
cusp-like or kink-like classical configurations, and we perform a statistical
counting of their average number. The results can be relevant in the framework
of possible observations of the radiation emitted by cosmic strings.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, improved explanations, an appendix added on
rotating folded strin
Fermion Mass Hierarchy in Lifshitz Type Gauge Theory
We study the origin of fermion mass hierarchy and flavor mixing in a Lifshitz
type extension of the standard model including an extra scalar field. We show
that the hierarchical structure can originate from renormalizable interactions.
In contrast to the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, the higher the dimension of
associated operators, the heavier the fermion masses. Tiny masses for
left-handed neutrinos are obtained without introducing right-handed neutrinos.Comment: 13 pages; clarifications of some point
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