Percevoir et Juger la « corruption politique »:Enjeux et usages des enquêtes sur les représentations des atteintes à la probité publique

Entre l’idéal démocratique d’un citoyen vertueux contrôlant la probité des gouvernants et l’image d’un électeur cynique, la perception de la « corruption politique » par les citoyens constitue un enjeu important du rapport moral à la politique au cœur des débats de sociologie et de théorie politiques. L’article présente un ensemble mal connu de travaux anglo-saxons qui étudient les représentations ordinaires des atteintes à la probité publique. Il en discute les fondements, les méthodes et les résultats pour formuler de nouvelles hypothèses. Sont analysés la variation des perceptions et des classements des transgressions politiques, la fluctuation des formes de réprobation, les ancrages sociaux et économiques de cette faculté de juger ou encore l’existence de formes de consensus normatif.The investigation of conceptions among citizens of perceived political corruption forms an important component of theoretical and empirical studies in democratic theory and political ethics. Studies have moved beyond a simple dichotomy of “ideal types”: cynical voters and virtuous citizens sanctioning political misconduct. This article surveys Anglo-Saxon scholarship on ordinary judgements towards political corruption. It discusses their epistomological foundations and methods, but also develops the existing studies’ results to propose a set of new hypotheses. Several points are stressed: divergent perceptions and classifications of political corruption; willingness to sanction, social and economic factors that influence judgement; forms of normative consensus about political behaviours

Undersköterskor och sjuksköterskors moraliska stress i det dagliga arbetet

Etiska aspekter av vårdyrket spelar inte en framträdande roll i sjuksköterskeutbildningen. Etik är den teoretiska referensramen för ett korrekt moraliskt handlande och sjukvård handlar om att ge rätt omvårdnad till en individ i behov av detta. När moraliska värderingar och verkligheten kolliderar kan en konflikt uppstå, vilket i sin tur kan leda till moralisk stress. Psykisk ohälsa har på senare tid ökat bland sjukvårdspersonal som en direkt följd av moralisk stress. Syftet med denna empiriska enkätstudie är att undersöka i vilken grad undersköterskor och sjuksköterskor upplever moralisk stress i det dagliga arbetet. Studien har utförts på en medicinklinik på UMAS där alla undersköterskor och sjuksköterskor på avdelningen har inkluderats. Ett modifierat validerat mätinstrument har används för att mäta vilka situationer som är särskilt känsliga för moralisk stress samt i vilken grad detta ger dåligt samvete. Resultatet visar att det förekommer moralisk stress på avdelningen. Det finns inte någon skillnad mellan yrkeskategorierna i förekomsten av de utvalda situationerna däremot finns det en signifikant skillnad i vissa situationen när det gäller graden av dåligt samvete.Ethical aspects of health care profession do not take a prominent role in nursing programme. Ethics is the theoretical reference for proper moral behavior and healthcare is about providing the right care to an individual in need of it. When moral values and reality collide a conflict can arise, which in turn can lead to moral stress. Psychological illness has recently increased among healthcare professionals as a direct result of moral stress. The aim of this empirical survey is to examine to which degree staff nurses and nurses experiencing moral stress in their daily work. The study was conducted at a medical clinic at UMAS where all the staff nurses and nurses in the department were included. A modified validated questionnaire has been used to measure the situations that are particularly sensitive to moral stress and to which degree these situations give troubled conscience. The result indicates that moral stress exists in the department. There is no difference in the presence of the selected situations between staff nurses and nurses, however, there is a significant difference between staff nurses and nurses in some situations to which they contribute troubled conscience

Menstruation during a lifespan : A qualitative study of women's experiences

Menstruation is a natural phenomenon for women during their reproductive years. Our aim was to describe womens experiences of menstruation across the lifespan. Qualitative interviews with a narrative approach were conducted with 12 women between 18 and 48 years of age in Sweden. Using thematic analysis, we found menstruation to be a complex phenomenon that binds women together. It is perceived as an intimate and private matter, which makes women want to conceal the occurrence of menstrual bleeding. Over time, menstruation becomes a natural part of womens lives and gender identity. Health professionals play a central role supporting women to deal with menstruation