Coexistence of Granular Cell Tumor with Squamous Cell Carcinoma on the Tongue: A Case Report

Introduction: Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and mostly benign soft tissue tumors. Though they have been reported in all parts of body, they are generally located in the head and neck region, especially on the tongue. Some malign forms exist, but these have been rarely reported. Granular cell tumors have a neural origin and, in immunohistochemical evaluations, they express S-100 and neuron specific enolase (NSE). The treatment of these tumors is bulky surgical excision.   Case Report:   In this case, a cauliflower shaped lesion with a 1 cm diameter was excised from the midline tongue of a 65 year old woman. The histopathological evaluation indicated that it was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) covering GCT. Herein, the coexistence of GCT and SCC we describe on the same region of the tongue, in accordance with literature review, since this is a very rare condition.   Conclusion: Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia may accompany GCTs on the tongue and this condition may mimic well-differentiated SCC. For this reason, with the help of Ki-67 and p63 expression, in addition to immunohistochemical markers, well-differentiated SCC should be differentiated from pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia through careful investigation

Coexistence of Granular Cell Tumor with Squamous Cell Carcinoma on the Tongue: A Case Report

Introduction: Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and mostly benign soft tissue tumors. Though they have been reported in all parts of body, they are generally located in the head and neck region, especially on the tongue. Some malign forms exist, but these have been rarely reported. Granular cell tumors have a neural origin and, in immunohistochemical evaluations, they express S-100 and neuron specific enolase (NSE). The treatment of these tumors is bulky surgical excision.   Case Report:   In this case, a cauliflower shaped lesion with a 1 cm diameter was excised from the midline tongue of a 65 year old woman. The histopathological evaluation indicated that it was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) covering GCT. Herein, the coexistence of GCT and SCC we describe on the same region of the tongue, in accordance with literature review, since this is a very rare condition.   Conclusion: Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia may accompany GCTs on the tongue and this condition may mimic well-differentiated SCC. For this reason, with the help of Ki-67 and p63 expression, in addition to immunohistochemical markers, well-differentiated SCC should be differentiated from pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia through careful investigation

The Value of HBME-1 and Claudin-1 Expression Profile in the Distinction of BRAF-Like and RAS-Like Phenotypes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

GUCER, HASAN/0000-0002-9122-379X; Mete, Ozgur/0000-0003-0469-2801WOS: 000381594800007PubMed: 27153840This study compared the expression profile of HBME-1 and claudin-1 in 90 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) with respect to the tumor architecture and invasive growth as reflected in 46 BRAF-like, 31 non-invasive RAS, and 13 invasive RAS-like phenotypes. Individual tumors were given an expression score (max 300) by multiplying the percent positive tumor cells by the intensity score (range 0-3). the higher expression of HBME-1 and claudin-1 distinguished BRAF-like phenotype from RAS-like phenotype. the same correlation was also retained for both markers when comparing BRAF-like phenotype with non-invasive and invasive RAS-like phenotypes. the expression scores and positivity rates for both markers did not yield any statistical difference among BRAF-like PTCs. Except the higher positivity rate of HBME-1, invasive RAS-like tumors were not statistically different than their non-invasive counterparts with respect to the positivity rate of claudin-1 and the expression scores of both markers. A central lymph node dissection or selective lymph node sampling was available in 20 specimens. the absence of claudin-1 expression has not been a feature of lymph node metastasis in this series. Despite the limited number of nodal sampling, BRAF-like phenotype and claudin-1 positivity status have been considered the best determinants of positive predictive value and negative predictive value in the prediction of lymph node metastasis among variables, respectively. Adoption of the simplified architectural classification approach to PTCs showed distinct biomarker expression profile in this series; however, immunohistochemistry for HBME-1 and claudin-1 does not seem to be useful in the distinction of invasive RAS-like PTCs from their non-invasive counterparts. Given the overlapping molecular signatures within the RAS-like phenotype, further studies with additional biomarkers are still needed to identify distinct protein expression signatures of non-invasive RAS-like phenotype as this diagnostic category still remains a surgical diagnosis at this time.Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Scientific Research Support FundThis study has received financial support from Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Scientific Research Support Fund

Tubal Pregnancy Associated with Endometrial Carcinoma after In Vitro Fertilization Attempts

Endometrial carcinoma is rarely seen during reproductive ages and commonly related to infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and obesity. Pregnancy associated endometrial carcinoma is even rarer and this is the second case reported in the literature concerning tubal pregnancy associated endometrial carcinoma. We present a case of a 36-year-old woman with a history of PCOS, infertility, and several attempts of ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization, who was diagnosed with tubal pregnancy and a well differentiated endometrial carcinoma. We also review the literature about pregnancy associated endometrial carcinoma in the first trimester

Theory of mind and unawareness of illness in schizophrenia - Is poor insight a mentalizing deficit?

This study investigates the impact of theory of mind (ToM) deficits on poor insight in schizophrenia. The scale for unawareness of mental disorder (SUMD) was administered to 58 stable outpatients with schizophrenia. First and second order false belief tasks, the Eyes test and a battery of nonToM cognitive measures were administered. The Second order false belief task was the best predictor of each global insight and symptom attribution scores of the SUMD. ToM tasks explained the substantial amount of the variance (ranging from 22.5% to 29.9%) for the insight scores and classified the significant amount of the patients who were aware of the illness correctly. WCST perseveration scores did not contribute to insight scores beyond that contributed by second order false belief tasks. The Second order ToM tasks seems to have critical importance for the awareness of the disorder. Beyond more direct self-evaluation, the awareness of the disorder and its consequences may also require the ability to evaluate the self from the perspective of others. "Understanding the others' belief about another person" may be conceptually very similar to "understanding the others' belief about self" (instead of another person)

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in patients with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer

WOS: 000351218500016PubMed: 25363740AimNeutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet distribution width (PDW) may indicate the systemic inflammatory response associated with various cancers. We aimed to investigate the relationship between NLR, PLR, PDW and endometrial pathologies including hyperplasia and cancer. MethodsIn this study, 472 cases who underwent endometrial biopsy were included. Three groups were constituted with respect to biopsy results: group 1, endometrial cancer patients (n=54); group 2, endometrial hyperplasia patients (n=152); and group 3, patients with normal biopsy results (n=281). White blood cell and platelet counts as well as NLR, PLR and PDW recorded from complete blood counts obtained on the same day of biopsy were compared in the three groups. ResultsEndometrial cancer patients were significantly older than the cases in the other two groups (P<0.001). the NLR in group 1 was significantly higher than group 3 (P=0.02). However, there was no difference between the three groups with respect to PLR (P=0.167). PDW was increased in group 1 compared to group 3 (P<0.001). ConclusionResults of our study have shown that NLR, PLR and PDW are simple, readily available and robust inflammatory markers that may be used in the management of endometrial pathologies. However, the actual predictive potential of these biomarkers still warrants further trials

Folate receptor ? expression and significance in endometrioid endometrium carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia

PubMed: 26191275Endometrioid-type endometrial carcinoma (EEC) developing on the ground of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is amongst the most commonly observed type of cancer in the world. Folate receptor a (FR?) is a vitamin molecule that has a role in cell proliferation. The fact that FR?, which is known to be needed extremely by the cells of malignancies that proliferate rapidly, is present in limited amounts in normal tissues while it is overexpressed in malignant cells of the same tissues makes folate a candidate for target molecular therapy. In our study, FR? expression in 214 cases, with 95 diagnosed within EEC and 119 with EH, was studied immunohistochemically. FR? expression in EEC was found significantly high compared to EH and normal endometrium (P<0.01). Similarly, FR? expression in EH cases with complex atypia were significantly high compared to other hyperplasia subgroups (P<0.01). The findings of our results make us think that FR? overexpression may play a role in the EEC carcinogenesis and carcinoma progression from EH. Furthermore, we suggest that it can be helpful in the treatment of EEC and/or transition from hyperplasia stage to EEC as a molecular therapy targeting receptors labeled with antibody-based props containing FR?. Finally, we suggest that FR? may be used, based on the expression intensity, as a supplemental option to determine the patients that shall be directed to radical therapy amongst patients with complex atypical EH

Evaluation of the relationship between c-Kit expression and mean platelet volume in classic Kaposi's sarcoma

Abstract: Background: c-Kit is a proto-oncogene that encodes tyrosine kinase receptor (CD117). Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a useful marker, providing information on platelet function and diameter. Objective: To investigate c-Kit expression and intensity in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and to investigate the relation between Ki-67 proliferation and MPV. Methods: A total of 32 patients, diagnosed with classic cutaneous KS, were included in this study. We reevaluated the histopathological reports with the preparations, confirmed the diagnosis and then determined the patients' histopathological stages. c-Kit expression and Ki-67 proliferation were investigated immunohistochemically in KS cases, while MPV in all cases was checked. Results: Although c-Kit expression was detected in 22 cases (68.8%), it was not expressed in 10 cases (31.2%). We detected 8 cases with + (25%), 6 with ++ (18.8%) and 8 with +++ (25%). Ki-67 expression was 5.0% (min-max 1.0-20.0). Relapse was observed in 5 cases (15.6%) out of 32. There was positive correlation between c-Kit expression and MPV (rs=0.598, p<0.001), and between c-Kit intensity and MPV (rs=0.588, p<0.001). Conclusion: c-Kit is highly positive in KS. c-Kit positivity indicates a high risk of tumor growth, invasion and relapse. Furthermore, c-Kit expression stimulates megakaryocytes to release young and large thrombocytes into the periphery. Thus, high MPV, c-Kit expression and immunostaining intensity indicate high invasion and relapse in KS subjects

Protective effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors on methotrexate-induced pancreatic toxicity

Mercantepe, Tolga/0000-0002-8506-1755WOS: 000436494700001PubMed: 29808967Background. Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist, is commonly used in the treatment of many different types of cancer and inflammatory diseases, including pancreatic cancer, although its side effects on the pancreas have not yet been researched. the mechanism of MTX-induced toxicity is not well known, and it has been reported in high-dose toxicity studies that the pancreas is sensitive to toxic effects. Objectives. the aim of our study was to determine whether adalimumab (ADA) has a preventive effect on MTX-induced pancreas toxicity in rats. Material and methods. the rats were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups (Group 1 comprised the healthy controls, Group 2 was the MTX group, and Group 3 was the MTX +ADA group). the rats in Groups 2 and 3 received an intraperitoneal (ip.) single-dose injection of MTX (20 mg/kg). A single dose of 5 mg/kg ADA (REMICADE (R)) was administered ip. to Group 3. All the rats were sacrificed under anesthesia 5 days after receiving the MTX injection. Results. Significantly higher mean edema, necrotic cell, and inflammatory scores were recorded in Groups 2 and 3 compared to those recorded in Group 1. Significantly decreased edema, number of necrotic cells, and inflammatory scores were noted in Group 3 than in Group 2. A decrease in islets of Langerhans cell insulin and somatostatin-positive interneurons was demonstrated after the administration of MTX. An increase in insulin and somatostatin-positive cells in islets of Langerhans, as well as a remodeling of the structure of the pancreas, was shown following treatment with ADA. Conclusions. Adalimumab was demonstrated to have a protective effect against MTX-induced pancreatic injury in this study.Scientific Research Department of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Turkey [BAP: 2015.53001.106.01.03]This study was supported by the Scientific Research Department of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Turkey (Project No BAP: 2015.53001.106.01.03)

The effect of exposure of rats during prenatal period to radiation spreading from mobile phones on renal development

yilmaz, adnan/0000-0001-9769-9791; yilmaz, adnan/0000-0003-4842-1173WOS: 000350554300023PubMed: 25691088Background: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) produced by mobile phones on the renal development of prenatal rats. Histopathological changes and apoptosis in the kidneys, together with levels of urea, creatinine and electrolyte in serum were determined. Methods: A total of 14 Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Pregnant rats were divided into two equal groups: a control group and an EMF-exposed group. the study group was exposed to 900-MHz of EMF during the first 20 days of pregnancy, while the control group was unexposed to EMF. Sections obtained from paraffin blocks were stained for caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Results: Mild congestion and tubular defects, and dilatation of Bowman's capsule were observed in the kidney tissues of rats in the exposed group. Apoptosis was evaluated using anti-caspase-3; stronger positive staining was observed in the renal tubular cells in the study group than those of the control group. Although there was a significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of K+ level (p 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that the electromagnetic waves propagated from mobile phones have harmful effects on the renal development of prenatal rats