In vitro propagation via seeds of Capparis ovata Desf.

In vitro propagation of Capparis ovata Desf. was conducted using seeds of a Moroccan ecotype, C. ovata Desf. (ENAM green house / origin: Hamria). High seed germination percentage (70%) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 1.5 mg/l benzylaminopurine + 0.01 mg/l acid indol-3-butyrique + 0.1 mg/l gibberellic acid after a dormancy breaking treatment by gibberellic acid and water.Keywords: Capparis ovata Desf., seed, In vitro propagation, GA3African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(21), pp. 3235-323

Activite Antifongique Des Extraits Aqueux De Calendula Officinalis L, Urginea Maritima (L.) Baker Et Chenopodium Ambrosioides L.

Fungi are the cause of many human, animal and plant diseases. In the context of valorization of aromatic and medicinal plants of the Central Middle Atlas of Morocco, three plants were selected, based on the results of an ethnobotanical survey in this region, to evaluate their antifungal activity against five Fungi, namely Fusarium oxysporum sp. albedinis, Alternaria sp, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Rhizopus stolonifer. A quantification of the total polyphenols was mesured out for the aqueous extracts of the studied plants Urginea maritima (L.) Baker of the Liliaceae family, Chenopodium ambrosoides L. of the Chenopodiaceae Family and Calendula officinalis L of the Asteraceae family, to choose the form in which the tests will be performed. According to the results, Aspergillus brasiliensis was found sensitive to the macerate of Urginea maritima (L.) Baker at a concentration of 10.71 mg / ml. The percent of inhibition (PI) of mycelial growth was 43.33%. At the same concentration, Fusarium oxysporum showed a slight sensitivity with PI = 19.25%. Furthermore the Chenopodium ambrosoides L decoctate was active against Aspergillus brasiliensis, Alternaria sp and Fusarium oxysporum with PI respectively equal to 41.11%, 40.37% and 27.77%. However, the infusion of Calendula officinalis L showed no effect on the strains tested

Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Anacyclus Pyrethrum (L) Link and Corrigiola Telephiifolia Pourr. From the Middle Atlas Region-Morocco

Aqueous extracts of Corrigiola telephiifolia and Anacyclus pyrethrum were studied in vitro for their antimicrobial properties. These plants were collected from the Central Middle Atlas region. Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr. and Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link are widely used as a natural drug for the treatment of various infectious diseases. Phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and alkaloids. The determination of the polyphenols in the aqueous extract of the two plants revealed the presence of significant amounts of polyphenols (58.5 ± 0.76 mg equivalent of gallic acid (GEA) per gram of extract for C. telephiifolia, and 97.57 mg equivalent of gallic acid (GEA) per gram of extract of A. pyrethrum). The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extracts against three bacterial strains was evaluated on the basis of the inhibition zone using the disk diffusion assay. The aqueous extract of Corrigiola telephiifolia is slightly active on E. coli. At a concentration of extract 100 μg mL-1, the size of the inhibition zone equal to 9 ± 0.06 mm. Whereas S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae showed a sensitivity to the macerate of Anacyclus pyrethrum at the concentration 100 μg mL-1 of extract with an inhibition zone 16.55 ± 0.6 mm, 14.95 ± 1.25 mm and 10.83 ± 0.96 respectively

APERÇU SUR LES ACACIAS SPONTANES ET INTRODUITS AU MAROC

Acacias are spectacular angiosperms grouping single canapy species to those tropical forests which have many important features. It increases soil fertility and enables nitrogen fixation. It can also be used as species adapted. In this work, we provide a global overview on spontaneous and introduced Acacia in Morocco. Then, we focus on its taxonomy and the diversity of its origine. Acacia plays a great role in reforestation development program and in the fight against desertification which give him a very important socioeconomic and environemental value

Analysis of diversity genetic of Moroccan net blotch populations using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers

Net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres is the most harmful foliar disease in barley generating significant economic losses in Morocco. Populations of P. teres f. teres were collected from different regions of Morocco. Thirty five (35) P. teres f. teres isolates, single conidial, were isolated and were subjected to molecular study using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Out of the fourteen primers combinations tested, four primers combinations were selected to disclose the polymorphism between the different P. teres f. teres isolates. The molecular characterization of these isolates showed high degree of polymorphism reaching 95% and identifying 25 specific genotypes. The genetic variability of the different isolates of P. teres f. teres within and between Moroccan regions was highlighted, disclosing no linkage between the isolates and their geographical origins. This result might be due to informal material flow between regions.Key words: Barley, net blotch, Pyrenophora teres f. teres, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), genetic diversity

Composition Chimique Et Activité Antimicrobienne Des Huiles Essentielles De Deux Espèces De Lavande : Lavandula Dentata Spp. Dentata Et Lavandula Peduncultata Spp. Pedunculata

The aim of the present work is to compare the chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activity of two spontaneous species of lavender "Lavandula stoechas L." and "Lavandula dentata L." in Morocco. A phytochemical screening was performed on the aerial part of invested plants. The qualitative variation was revealed in the secondary metabolites of the species studied. Subsequently, the dosage of the crude organic extracts showed that the polyphenol content was higher in the methanol fraction, with an important yield in L. dentata. Also, the essential oils of the aerial part, obtained by hydrodistillation gave higher yields in L. dentata than L. pedunculata. Finally, tests of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oils of the two species were performed on four strains of bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus "Gram+," and Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis which are Gram-), and three phytopathogenic fungi : Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Penicillium expansum, The results obtained showed that the essential oil of L. dentata showed a strong antibacterial activity against the studied strains, particularly against S. aureus. While the antifungal activity revealed that L. pedunculata has a remarkable antifungal power against the fungi tested in comparison with L. dentata

BIOACTIVITY OF Anvillea radiata COSS & DUR. COLLECTED FROM THE SOUTHEAST OF MOROCCO

The in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Anvillea radiata (Asteraceae) were investigated. Antibacterial activity was tested against six pathogenic strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Salmonella abony (NCTC 6017), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and by using Disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC). Total antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH (1.1 diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing power (FRAP) and ABTS (2.2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical cation scavenging activity. Total phenolic contents were measured by Folin- Ciocalteu assay. Among the extracts tested, methanolic extract showed promising antibacterial activity against bacteria and reasonable antioxidant properties, and they can therefore be potentially used as a natural additive in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries

Etude Phytochimique Et Activité Antibactérienne De Deux Espèces De Lavande Autochtones Au Maroc : «Lavandula stoechas L. et Lavandula dentata L.»

In the present work, the aim is to compare the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of two lavender Species "Lavandula stoechas L." and "Lavandula dentata L.", belonging to wild flora of Morocco. Thus, a phytochemical screening was performed on the aerial part of invested plants, and no qualitative difference was detected between the studied species. Indeed, both contain catechin and gallic tannins, flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavones and catechols), sterols and triterpenes, in addition to combined anthracene compounds (C-glycosides). Whereas, the dosage of crude aqueous extracts showed that the contents of secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, flavonoids and total and condensed tannins were higher in L. dentata. Also, the essential oils of the aerial part, obtained by hydrodistillation gave higher yields in L. dentata than L. stoechas. Finally, antibacterial activity tests were performed on four strains of bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus "Gram+," and Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis which are Gram -) with both essential oils and crude aqueous extracts. The results obtained showed that essential oils have a powerful effect, particularly that of L. dentata on S. aureus, with an inhibition diameter about 30 mm. The crude extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram - and had no effect on Gram +

APERÇU SUR LES ACACIAS SPONTANES ET INTRODUITS AU MAROC

Acacias are spectacular angiosperms grouping single canapy species to those tropical forests which have many important features. It increases soil fertility and enables nitrogen fixation. It can also be used as species adapted. In this work, we provide a global overview on spontaneous and introduced Acacia in Morocco. Then, we focus on its taxonomy and the diversity of its origine. Acacia plays a great role in reforestation development program and in the fight against desertification which give him a very important socioeconomic and environemental value