Irrigation Scheduling in Crop Management System

Center pivor systems are widely used to suppress the irrigation needs of agricultural fields. In this article, we propose an autonomous to improve the low efficiency of this method of irrigation, developing a system based on the water requirement of the plantation, through field data (local temperature, local wind, soil moisture and precipitation forecast) and soil evapotranspiration calculation. The stored information will allow to calculatem the real evapotranspiration, not being necessary to restrict to lysometric measures. Accordingly, it is possible to schedule the irrigation for the period in which it has the lowest cost, considering the energy produced locally and the price of energy bought in the main market. Irrigation must be carried out within the time interval in which the plantation does not reach the wilding point, so it will be carried out at the time of the lowest cost.The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following project: Eco Rural IoT project funded by TETRAMAX-VALUECHAIN-TTX-1, and UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identification of snake bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs)-simile sequences in rat brain: potential BPP-like precursor protein?

Bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) from the South American pit viper snake venom were the first natural inhibitors of the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) described. The pioneer characterization of the BPPs precursor from the snake venom glands by our group showed for the first time the presence of the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in this same viper precursor protein. The confirmation of the BPP/CNP expression in snake brain regions correlated with neuroendocrine functions stimulated us to pursue the physiological correlates of these vasoactive peptides in mammals. Notably, several snake toxins were shown to have endogenous physiological correlates in mammals. In the present work, we expressed in bacteria the BPPs domain of the snake venom gland precursor protein, and this purified recombinant protein was used to raise specific polyclonal anti-BPPs antibodies. The correspondent single protein band immune-recognized in adult rat brain cytosol was isolated by 2DSDS/PAGE and/or HPLC, before characterization by MS fingerprint analysis, which identified this protein as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), a classically known enzyme with antioxidant activity and important roles in the blood pressure modulation. In silico analysis showed the exposition of the BPP-like peptide sequences on the surface of the 3D structure of rat SOD. These peptides were chemically synthesized to show the BPP-like biological activities in ex vivo and in vivo pharmacological bioassays. Taken together, our data suggest that SOD protein have the potential to be a source for putative BPP-like bioactive peptides, which once released may contribute to the blood pressure control in mammals

Tityus serrulatus Hypotensins: a new family of peptides from scorpion venom.

International audienceUsing a proteomic approach, a new structural family of peptides was put in evidence in the venom of the yellow scorpion Tityus serrulatus. Tityus serrulatus Hypotensins (TsHpt) are random-coiled linear peptides and have a similar bradykinin-potentiating peptide (BPP) amino acid signature. TsHpt-I (2.7kDa), the first member of this family, was able to potentiate the hypotensive effects of bradykinin (BK) in normotensive rats. Using the C-terminal of this peptide as a template, a synthetic analog peptide (TsHpt-I([17-25])) was designed to held the BK-potentiating effect. A relevant hypotensive effect, independent on BK, was also observed on both TsHpt (native and synthetic). To better evaluate this hypotensive effect, we examined the vasorelaxation of aortic rings from male Wistar rats and the peptides were able to induce endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation dependent on NO release. Both TsHpt could not inhibit ACE activity. These peptides appear to exert their anti-hypertensive effect through NO-dependent and ACE-independent mechanisms

Effects of CGEN-856S and losartan administration on the cardiomyocyte diameters of isoproterenol-treated rats.

<p>Animals were treated with isoproterenol (ISO) for 7 days to induce heart hypertrophy or with olive oil as a control. The effects of CGEN-856S were compared to those of saline as a negative control (Veh) or losartan (LOS) as a positive control. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), n = 4−5 animals. *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. oil +Veh; ^#<i>P</i><0.05 vs. ISO+Veh; ^α<i>P</i><0.05 vs. ISO+LOS.</p

Effects of CGEN-856S and captopril administration on left ventricular infarct area.

<p>(A) Representative photomicrographs and (B) quantification of the infarct area of animals treated with CGEN-856S or captopril. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 7−8 animals. MI: myocardial infarction. *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. sham; ^#<i>P</i><0.05 vs. MI+vehicle.</p

Effects of CGEN-856S and captopril administration on (A) systolic tension, (B) diastolic tension, (C) +dT/dt, (D) -dT/dt, (E) coronary flow, and (F) heart rate of rat hearts with myocardial infarction (MI).

<p>Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 7−8 animals. *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. sham; ^#<i>P</i><0.05 vs. MI+vehicle; ^α<i>P</i><0.05 vs. MI+captopril.</p

Effects of CGEN-856S and losartan administration on the deposition of type I collagen (CO I), type III collagen (CO III), and fibronectin (FN) in the left ventricles of isoproterenol (ISO)-treated rats.

<p>(A) Representative confocal photomicrographs and (B) quantification of CO I, CO III, and FN in the left ventricles of animals treated with CGEN-856S. (C) Representative confocal photomicrographs and (D) quantification of CO I, CO III, and FN in the left ventricles of animals treated with losartan. Values are expressed as arbitrary units (mean gray value ± SEM, n = 4−5 animals). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. ISO+vehicle.</p

Effects of CGEN-856S and Ang-(1–7) administration on AKT phosphorylation and on the quantity of p-AKT.

<p>(A) Representative immunoblots demonstrating the presence of Mas in Mas-transfected CHO cells (CHO-Mas) and the absence of Mas in untransfected cells (CHO-K1). (B) Effects of CGEN-856S and Ang-(1–7) administration (10⁻⁹ and 10⁻⁷ mol/L) for 10 min on p-AKT levels in CHO-Mas cells. (C) The absence of effects of CGEN-856S and Ang-(1–7) administration (10⁻⁷ mol/L) for 10 min on p-AKT levels in CHO-K1 cells. (D) Effects of CGEN-856S and Ang-(1–7) administration (10⁻⁹ mol/L) for 5 min on AKT phosphorylation in CHO-Mas cells. Ang-(1–7) (10⁻⁹ and 10⁻⁷ mol/L) was used as a positive control and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and total AKT were used as loading controls. *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. control. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM of 4−6 experiments.</p