VULNERABILITY TO CHANNEL MIGRATION OF THE NIRAJ RIVER

Vulnerability to channel migration of the Niraj river. The aim of this paper is to analyze the changes in the geometrical characteristics of the Niraj river. In order to determinate the zone exposed to the migration of the river we tried to identify the channel migration zone and we study the historic migration zone base on a composite area defined by the channel location in 1910, 1960, 2008, so we obtained the zone of channel occupation for a 100 years’ timeframe. Therefore, for delineating the channel migration we digitized polygons for the bank full channel for each time series, and merge them in the same polygon. For anticipated future migration beyond the historic corridor boundary, we added to the channel migration zone an erosion polygon, based on the geological, and land-use characteristics. As a result we obtain a complex set of data which will allow for practitioners to use it in different contexts like: to predict the rate and extend of meander migration, evaluating the risk to existing facilities - necessaries for design countermeasures against the negative effects

FRACTAL DIMENSION OF URBAN EXPANSION BASED ON REMOTE SENSING IMAGES

Fractal Dimension of Urban Expansion Based on Remote Sensing Images: In Cluj-Napoca city the process of urbanization has been accelerated during the years and implication of local authorities reflects a relevant planning policy. A good urban planning framework should take into account the society demands and also it should satisfy the natural conditions of local environment. The expansion of antropic areas it can be approached by implication of 5D variables (time as a sequence of stages, space: with x, y, z and magnitude of phenomena) into the process, which will allow us to analyse and extract the roughness of city shape. Thus, to improve the decision factor we take a different approach in this paper, looking at geometry and scale composition. Using the remote sensing (RS) and GIS techniques we manage to extract a sequence of built-up areas (from 1980 to 2012) and used the result as an input for modelling the spatialtemporal changes of urban expansion and fractal theory to analysed the geometric features. Taking the time as a parameter we can observe behaviour and changes in urban landscape, this condition have been known as self-organized – a condition which in first stage the system was without any turbulence (before the antropic factor) and during the time tend to approach chaotic behaviour (entropy state) without causing an disequilibrium in the main system

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) investigation of molecular relaxations in durum wheat dough at low temperatures and their relationship with rheological properties

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) was used to study the dielectric relaxation processes of semolina doughs. The dielectric properties were analyzed as a function of water content, and, additionally, the effects of NaCl presence and semolina characteristics were investigated. The dough was prepared using three different varieties of semolina. BDS measurements were conducted using a custom-made Rheo-dielectric tool composed of a Broadband Dielectric/Impedance Spectrometer connected to a strain-controlled rheometer. The temperature range investigated was from −135 °C to 25 °C, with a step of 5 °C, while the frequency range was 10$_{−1}$ – 10$_7$ Hz. Dielectric spectroscopy turned out to be a valuable technique for dough characterization. It is capable to distinguish the carbohydrates contribution and the different interactions between water and dough components. Moreover, this unique combination allows assessing correlations between rheological and dielectric properties, like the compliance of dough as a function of the relaxation processes and the influence of semolina components

Glassy dynamics of two poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives in the bulk and in nanometric confinement as reflected in its inter- and intra-molecular interactions

The inter- and intra-molecular interactions as they evolve in the course of glassy solidification are studied by broadband dielectric—and Fourier-transform infrared—spectroscopy for oligomeric derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives, namely, poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) dibenzoate in the bulk and under confinement in nanoporous silica having mean pore diameters 4, 6, and 8 nm, with native and silanized inner surfaces. Analyzing the spectral positions and the oscillator strengths of specific IR absorption bands and their temperature dependencies enables one to trace the changes in the intra-molecular potentials and to compare it with the dielectrically determined primarily inter-molecular dynamics. Special emphasis is given to the calorimetric glass transition temperature Tg and Tαβ ≈ 1.25Tg, where characteristic changes in conformation appear, and the secondary β-relaxation merges with the dynamic glass transition (α-relaxation). Furthermore, the impact of main chain conformations, inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding, and nanometric confinement on the dynamic glass transition is unraveled

Charge Transport and Glassy Dynamics in Blends Based on 1-Butyl-3-vinylbenzylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquid and the Corresponding Polymer

Charge transport, diffusion properties, and glassy dynamics of blends of imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) and the corresponding polymer (polyIL) were examined by Pulsed-Field-Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG-NMR) and rheology coupled with broadband dielectric spectroscopy (rheo-BDS). We found that the mechanical storage modulus (G′) increases with an increasing amount of polyIL and G′ is a factor of 10,000 higher for the polyIL compared to the monomer (G′$_{IL}$= 7.5 Pa at 100 rad s$^{-1}$ and 298 K). Furthermore, the ionic conductivity (σ$_{0}$) of the IL is a factor 1000 higher than its value for the polymerized monomer with 3.4×10$^{-4}$ S cm$^{-1}$ at 298 K. Additionally, we found the Haven Ratio (H$_{R}$) obtained through PFG-NMR and BDS measurements to be constant around a value of 1.4 for the IL and blends with 30 wt% and 70 wt% polyIL. These results show that blending of the components does not have a strong impact on the charge transport compared to the charge transport in the pure IL at room temperature, but blending results in substantial modifications of the mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is highlighted that the increase in σ$_{0}$ might be attributed to the addition of a more mobile phase, which also possibly reduces ion-ion correlations in the polyIL

Ion Transport in Pendant and Backbone Polymerized Ionic Liquids

Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are single-ion conductors in which one of the ionic species is tethered to the polymer chain while the other is free to be transported. The ionic species can either be directly incorporated into the polymeric backbone (backbone PILs) or placed as pendant groups to the chain (pendant PILs). Here, we examined the morphology, conductivity, and rheology of imidazolium-based pendant and backbone PILs. We found that pendant PILs yielded higher ionic conductivity when scaled to Tg, but backbone PILs exhibited higher ionic conductivity on an absolute temperature scale, likely because of differences in the Tgs of the two systems. We also found that ion transport for backbone PILs was coupled to the segmental dynamics below Tg, where the decoupling of ionic conductivity from segmental relaxation was observed for pendant PILs. The results of this study will help the community to better understand the role of the PIL structure on conductivity to work toward the ultimate goal of designing high-performance solid polymer electrolytes

Trichinella spiralis and T. britovi in North-Eastern Romania: A Six-Year Retrospective Multicentric Survey

The genus Trichinella includes species with a wide geographical spread that cause pathology in humans and animals. In this context, an epidemiological study of Trichinella infection was carried out in the northeastern part of Romania to investigate for the first time the prevalence of this infection in pigs, horses, wild boars and bears, the geographical distribution of Trichinella species and the natural reservoir of Trichinella infection. Between 2010 and 2015, a total of 166,270 animals were examined by the method of artificial digestion, in order to calculate the annual and general prevalence of Trichinella infection, according to the host and the Trichinella species involved, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), trendline and geographical distribution of species of the genus Trichinella. Taxonomic framing was performed by the multiplex PCR method. The overall prevalence of Trichinella infection in animals was 0.188%. Within the host species, the prevalence varied as follows: in pigs 0.096%, horses 0.021%, wild boar 1.46% and bears 36.76%. The geographical distribution showed that T. spiralis was dominant, occupying the entire northeastern part of Romania, being identified in pigs, horses, wild boars and bears. T britovi occupied five mountain counties, being identified only in wild boars and bears. These results validate the presence of T. spiralis and T. britovi in domestic and game animals in the northeastern part of Romania