Reflections on the historiography of the twentieth century from the perspective of the twenty-first century

The paper summarises and critically discusses the main trends of twentieth-century historiography worldwide and sets an agends for future orientation

Reflections on the historiography of the twentieth century from the perspective of the twenty-first century

The paper summarises and critically discusses the main trends of twentieth-century historiography worldwide and sets an agends for future orientation

Why has Analytic Philosophy Almost Completely Failed to Exert any Influence on German Historical Writing and Reflections on Methodology? / ¿Por qué la filosofía analítica ha fracasado casi por completo en la historiografía alemana y en las reflexiones metodológicas?

Este artículo es una respuesta a la pregunta de por qué la filosofía analítica, que ha dominado las Facultades de Filosofía en el mundo angloparlante, no ha ejercido practicamente ninguna influencia en el pensamiento histórico y en la historiografía alemanas. Se examinan las principales corrientes historiográficas alemanas desde los comienzos de la Historia como disciplina académica en el siglo XIX hasta la actualidad: la tradición antidemocrática y nacionalista, centrada en la política y la diplomacia, asociada al Historicismo (Historismus), que dominó la historiografía germana hasta después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial; la “historia-ciencia social”, orientada social y democráticamente (Historische Sozialwissennschaft), de las décadas de los sesenta y setenta del siglo XX, comprometida con el análisis de las estructuras sociales y los procesos históricos; y la “historia de los cotidiano” (Alltagsgeschichte) dirigida a la “historia desde abajo”. Sin embargo, lo que hizo inaceptable la filosofía analítica a todas estas corrientes fue el hecho de que aquella procedía de uno modo lógico-abstracto, desatendiendo el contexto concreto en el que tienen lugar las explicaciones históricas.Palabras claveRanke, Droysen, Meinecke, Abusch, Wehler, Historicismo, Historia-ciencia social, historia de lo cotidiano. AbstractThe paper is a response to the question why analytic philosophy, which dominated philosophical Faculties in the English-speaking world, exerted virtually no influence on historical thought and writing in Germany. It examines major historiographical trends in Germany from the beginnings of history as an academic discipline in the nineteenth century to the present: the anti-democratic, nationalist tradition with its focus on politics and diplomacy associated with Historismus, which dominated German historical writing until after World War II, the democratically and socially oriented “historical social science” (Historische Sozialwissennschaft) of the 1960s and 1970s, committed to the analysis of social structures and historical processes, and the “history of everyday life” (Alltagsgeschichte) which aimed at a “history from below”. Yet what made analytic philosophy unacceptable to all these trends was that it proceeded in an abstract logical manner which neglected the concrete context in which historical explanation takes place.Key WordsRanke, Droysen, Meinecke, Abusch, Wehler, Historismus, Historische Sozialgeschichte, Alltagsgeschichte

Desafios do século XXI à historiografia

This article examines the challenges that 21th historiography is confronted with. These challengescome from theoretical, political and cultural issues accumulated since the second half of 20thcentury and can be resumed as follow: the linguistic turn,  the emergence of researches concernedwith gender related with feminist movements, the change to a universal history in a persistentnationalistic environment, the post-modern articulation between history and social sciences andthe impact of globalization in the structure of the Social Sciences as a form of knowledge.Este artigo se propõe a examinar os desafios enfrentandos pela historiografia no início do século XXI. Tais desafios resultam de questões teóricas, políticas e culturais acumuladas desde a segunda metade do século XX, e que podem ser resumidas nos seguintes eixos: o problema do giro lingüístico, o surgimento das pesquisas sobre gênero relacionadas aos movimentos feministas, a guinada rumo a uma história universal em meio à permanência dos nacionalismos, a articulação pós-moderna da relação entre história e ciências sociais, e, por fim, o impacto da globalização na estruturação das ciências sociais como forma de conhecimento