A century of sea level measurements at Newlyn, SW England

The Newlyn Tidal Observatory is the most important sea level station in the UK. It commenced operations in 1915 as part of the Second Geodetic Levelling of England and Wales, and the mean sea level determined from the tide gauge during the first six years (May 1915-April 1921) defined Ordnance Datum Newlyn (ODN) which became the national height datum for the whole of Great Britain. The 100 years of sea level data now available have contributed significantly to many studies in oceanography, geology and climate change. This paper marks the centenary of this important station by reviewing the sea level (and, more recently, detailed land level) measurements and Newlyn’s contributions to UK cartography, geodesy and sea-level science in general. Recommendations are made on how sea and land level measurements at Newlyn might be enhanced in the future

Anomalous accelerations in spacecraft flybys of the Earth

[EN] The flyby anomaly is a persistent riddle in astrodynamics. Orbital analysis in several flybys of the Earth since the Galileo spacecraft flyby of the Earth in 1990 have shown that the asymptotic post-encounter velocity exhibits a difference with the initial velocity that cannot be attributed to conventional effects. To elucidate its origin, we have developed an orbital program for analyzing the trajectory of the spacecraft in the vicinity of the perigee, including both the Sun and the Moon¿s tidal perturbations and the geopotential zonal, tesseral and sectorial harmonics provided by the EGM96 model. The magnitude and direction of the anomalous acceleration acting upon the spacecraft can be estimated from the orbital determination program by comparing with the trajectories fitted to telemetry data as provided by the mission teams. This acceleration amounts to a fraction of a mm/s2 and decays very fast with altitude. 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Coexistence & conflicts, difference & similarities in religions

Beatrice Nuti. Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italy): "This didactic module assumes a research approach according to which the body is also considered as a product of specific social, cultural, and historical contexts. This type of assumption doesn’t have a radical opposition with respect to truth claims of medical and biological sciences, but to move toward a comprehension of “body” inclusive of the diverse cultural heritage added and overwritten on the “natural body”, since a suspicious attitude toward what commonly is considered “natural body” by a specific community. Of course religion is a main element of every cultural heritage, each religious tradition has a particular understanding of the 'body' in a distinctive and unfamiliar way answering the questions “what’s the nature of body?”, “what’s its destiny after death?”, “How can individual reach spiritual states through the body condition?”, “what’s the ordinary religiously correct attitude toward body?”. Doing this, religions create a specific attitude to 'bodiliness' including relevant holy texts devoted to it, devotional body practices, clothes, food or sexual prescriptions."This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein

Introduction to religious traditions

Giovanni Lapis. Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italy): "The term "Buddhism" refers to a religion that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices throughout Asia, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha. "Buddha" is a Sanskrit word meaning "the awakened one" or "the enlightened one". According to Buddhist tradition, Siddhartha Gautama, after a period of asceticism and meditations, "awakened" and discovered the Truth or Law of the Things (Dharma) and started preaching it. In fact, Buddhists tend to identify themselves as the "followers of Dharma". The fundamental doctrinal core of Buddhism, virtually common to any denomination, is a path towards the elimination of ignorance and craving, in order to obtain a blissful state, free from any kind of suffering, called Nirvana. Buddhism has played a central role in the spiritual, cultural, and social life of Asia, and during the 20th century it spread to the West."This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein

Coexistence & conflicts, difference & similarities in religions

Maria Rizzuto. Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italy): "Religions play an important role in the transmission of the identity of migrant minorities in diasporic contexts. The English word migration derives from the Latin verb migrare, meaning “to move from one place to another”. The human migration is the permanent change of residence by an individual or group for different motivations (see section 3). This concept is related to the concept of diaspora. The concept of diaspora has long been used to refer to the Greeks in the Hellenic world and to the Jews after the fall of Jerusalem in the early 6th century BC. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, scholars began to use it with reference to the African diaspora, and the use of the term was extended further in the following decades. The migrant groups may constitute a minority in the place of arrival: minority, a culturally, ethnically, religious distinct group that coexists but are subordinate to a more dominant group."This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein