PENINGKATAN KEPATUHAN PASIEN HIPERTENSI DENGAN PEMBERIAN INFORMASI OBAT

Penyakit Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama dalam penyakit kardiovaskular dan merupakanmasalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesiamencapai 25,8 % pada tahun 2013. Rendahnya kepatuhan pasien terhadap pengobatan hipertensi dankurangnya pemahaman mengenai instruksi pengobatan merupakan permasalahan utama dalampengobatan hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian informasi obat dengankepatuhan pengobatan dan Pengendalian tekanan darah. Penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimental predan post test pada 25 pasien prolanis hipertensi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan terdapat penurunan tekanan darah sistolik maupun diastolik secara signifikan p= 0,00.Perubahan signifikan secara statistika p=0,002 pada pasien prolanis setelah pemberian informasi obat.Dari hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pemberian informasi obat efektif untuk memperbaikikepatuhan dan perubahan tekanan darah sitolik dan diastolik

EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIKA PADA PASIEN PASCA BEDAH RAWAT INAP DI RSUD SMC KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA PERIODE APRIL-MEI 2017

Bedah merupakan suatu tindakan pengobatan dengan cara membuka dan menampilkan bagian tubuh yang akan ditangani, pembukaan ini umumnya dilakukan dengan membuat sayatan, dan selanjutnya dilakukan perbaikan yang diakhiri dengan penutupan. Penyayatan yang dilakukan dapat menyebabkan perlukaan sehingga dapat beresiko tinggi menimbulkan infeksi, adanya infeksi harus ditangani dengan antibiotik yang tepat dan rasional. Penggunaan antibiotika yang tidak terkontrol memungkinkan munculnya bakteri yang resisten, sehingga pengobatan infeksi menjadi tidak efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi data penggunaan antibiotika pada pasien pasca bedah rawat inap di sebuah Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya periode bulan April-Mei 2017 dan melakukan evaluasi gambaran pola penggunaan antibiotika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian obsevasional dengan pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif dan desain penelitian cross sectional. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS 21.0. jumlah sampel penelitian yang didapatkan sebanyak 80 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan antibiotika tunggal yang paling banyak digunakan adalah ceftriaxone, baik pada operasi bersih maupun pada operasi bersih terkontaminasi. Sedangkan antibiotika kombinasi yang paling banyak digunakan adalah ceftriaxone kombinasi dengan metronidazole, baik pada operasi bersih maupun pada operasi bersih terkontaminasi. Kata kunci: pasca bedah, antibiotika, evaluasi oba

Decreased total cholesterol levels in rats administered with chitosan from Green mussel (Perna viridis L.) shells

Chitosan has been known to have anti-cholesterol activity. This linear polysaccharide can be derived from the chitin of green mussel shells by deacetylation. The purpose of this research was to find out the effects of administering chitosan from green mussel (Perna viridis L.) shells on total cholesterol levels. Chitosan was prepared in three steps, namely deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation. FTIR was used for characterization, and the absorbance values were calculated to obtain the degree of deacetylation. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were fed with high-fat ingredients (yolk, quail, used cooking oil) and 1% PTU for 30 days p.o and divided into six (6) groups, namely the normal control group, negative control (PGA 1%), positive control (Simvastatin at 0.9 mg/Kg BW), Dose 1 (chitosan at 250 mg/Kg b.w), Dose 2 (chitosan at 500 mg/Kg BW), and Dose 3 (chitosan at 750mg/Kg BW). The chitosan of green mussel shells had a deacetylation degree of 43.05%. The results showed that the three doses of chitosan exhibited reduced total cholesterol levels in the test rats. At a dose of 750 mg/Kg BW, chitosan led to the most significant reduction of total cholesterol levels in rats from averagely 127.1 to 74.2 mg/dL

FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DETERMINATION OF THE DIFFUSION RATE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT SERUM CONTAINING ASTAXANTHIN NANOEMULSION

Objective: Astaxanthin is one of the natural carotenoids with strong antioxidant characteristics which is widely used in skin care. The aim of this study was developed to formulate and characterize the antioxidant serum containing astaxanthin nanoemulsion and the diffusion rate studies using diffusion Franz method. Methods: Astaxanthin nanoemulsion (As-NE) was prepared by using the self-nanoemulsifying method, followed by incorporation into serum preparation with the using carbomer as a gelling agent. Evaluation of serum As-NE was performed by physical, chemical characterizations and diffusion assay. Stability study was carried out in both accelerated (temperature of 40±2 °C/75±5%RH) and non-accelerated (at ambient temperature) conditions. Results: These results suggest that antioxidant serum As-NE had good physical and chemical characteristics that are suitable for topical administration. Conclusion: For the study of diffusion and stability under different storage conditions, it was proven that antioxidant serum As-NE form was packed in a carbomer as a gelling agent that could enhance the stability and diffusion rate of the astaxanthin

ACTIVITY NANOKIRINYUH (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA) LEAVES EXTRACT IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is a type of degenerative disease that is increasing every year in countries around the world. Diabetes Mellitus is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, and stroke. Nanokirinyuh leaves have potential as an antidiabetic because they contains chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine activity of nanokirinyuh leaves as an antidiabetic. Methods: Wistar rats as many as 24 animals were divided into 6 groups, namely the normal control group, positive control (glibenclamide 0.5 mg/Kg BW), negative control (alloxan 600 mg/BW rat), and nanochitosan kirinyuh leaves at a dose of 225 mg/Kg BW rat, 450 mg/Kg BW rat and 675 mg/Kg BW treatment was carried out for 10 d. Percent decrease of level glucose was evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groups of rats. Data analysis using the One Way Anova test and continued LSD test. Results: Level of Glucose at a dose of 675 mg/Kg BW rats showed the highest levels of the negative group and other dose groups. Pancreas histopathology test results showed that the group with a dose of 450 mg/Kg BW of rats had the lowest necrosis rate compared to the negative control group and other dose groups. Conclusion: Nanokirinyuh leaves can reduce of level plasma glucose and necrosis in a histopathology test

SYNTHESIS OF ENCAPSULATED CHROMOLAENA ODORATA LEAF EXTRACT IN CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE BY USING IONIC GELATION METHOD AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Chromolaena odorata. Methods: Encapsulation of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract by nano chitosan was synthesized by using chitosan and NaTPP as the crosslinking agent. The antioxidant activity was conducted by using the DPPH method. Results: Nanoparticles of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract has an average diameter of 675±218 nm and+23.4±7.14 mV of zeta potential. The antioxidant activity of its extract was 0.86 ppm, while its nanoparticle has the better antioxidant activity of 0.21 ppm. Conclusion: Nanoparticles of Chromolaena odorata have very strong antioxidant activity and the potential to be external antioxidants

Enoxaparin vs Fondaparinux Dalam Penurunan CK-MB

Ischemic Heart Disease (Non ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction-NSTEMI) is the leading cause of death in Indonesia after Stroke. Enoxaparin and Fondaparinux are the drugs of choice for this condition. However, there is a little study about these drugs in Indonesian people. Therefore, the objective of the study is to determine the effectivity of enoxaparin and fondaparinux in CK-MB reduction in Indonesian people. The methods of the study is retrospective observational study. A total of 43 patients were met inclusion criteria (32 in the enoxaparin group and 11 in the fondaparinux group). The outcome of the study was CK-MB reduction and the time of dyspnea was disappeared. The results of the study showed no statistic difference between enoxaparin and fondaparinux in reducing CK-MB blood plasma level (-29.00 vs -33.09; p 0.715), and also the time of dyspnea was disappeared (3.44 vs 3.09 days; p 0.347). Therefore, the choice of these agents are based on clinical condition, adverse effects and pharmacoeconomic aspects.Penyakit Jantung Iskemik (Non ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction-NSTEMI) merupakan penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia setelah Stroke. Enoxaparin dan Fondaparinux merupakan obat pilihan utama untuk kondisi ini. Akan tetapi, studi mengenai obat ini terhadap orang Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efektifitas enoxaparin dan fondaparinux dalam penurunan CK-MB pada orang Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah observasional retrospektif. Total 43 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang telah ditetapkan dimana 32 pasien merupakan kelompok enoxaparin dan 11 pasien merupakan kelompok fondaparinux. Hasil dari studi ini adalah mengetahui penurunan CK-MB dan waktu menghilangnya rasa sesak. Hasil studi menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara enoxaparin dan fondaparinux dalam penurunan level plasma darah CK-MB (-29.00 vs -33.09; p 0.715) dan waktu menghilangnya rasa sesak (3.44 vs 3.09 days; p 0.347). Oleh karena itu, pemilihan enoxaparin dan fondaparinux harus didasarkan pada aspek kondisi klinik, efek samping dan farmakoekonomik

IMPROVEMENT OF THE DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF SIMVASTATIN TABLETS WITH THE ADDITION OF CREMOPHOR-EL USING WET GRANULATION METHOD

Objective: Simvastatin is a drug used as a first-line anti-cholesterol in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Low solubility will affect its ability to penetrate the digestive tract membrane and will affect the amount of drug levels in the plasma. The use of Cremophor-EL as a surfactant has been shown to inhibit the action of P-glycoprotein so that it can increase the bioavailability of a drug and can increase the effect of a drug. Methods: The preparation of simvastatin tablets was carried out using the wet granulation method. The dissolution test used the paddle method, a speed of 50 rpm at a temperature of 37±0.5 ° C with a phosphate buffer pH 7.0 as the dissolution medium. Results: The results showed that at 30 min the generic simvastatin tablets had 81.52% dissolution and the Simvastatin Tablets with Cremophor-EL were 85.520%. Conclusion: Simvastatin cremophor-EL tablets are more dissolved than generic simvastatin at 30 min so that cremophor-EL simvastatin tablets have a better dissolution rate than generic simvastatin tablets

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZEAXANTHIN NANOEMULSION RADIANCE SERUM AS ANTIOXIDANT

Objective: This study aimed to increase the effectiveness of using zeaxanthin by developed nanoemulsion containing zeaxanthin which was then formulated into radiance serum for topical use. Methods: Nanoemulsions are made using spontaneous nano emulsification methods/techniques, which are relatively simple technologically because they rely on the right combination of selected surfactants and co-surfactants. The optimization of the formula was carried out starting from determining the oil: surfactant: co-surfactant phase ratio and concentration of zeaxanthin. Nanoemulsion characterization in the form of physical characterization includes organoleptic tests, globule size and polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH and entrapment efficiency tests. The best results from nanoemulsion were then combined into serum preparations which were then tested for evaluation of the preparations, including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and antioxidant test. Results: The results showed that the developed zeaxanthin nanoemulsion had a globule size in the range of 20-24 nm (with a normal globule size distribution curve), polydispersity index value of less than 0.3, zeta potential greater than (-20) mV and entrapment efficiency ranging from 80-85%. Conclusion: The results of the evaluation showed that the serum radiance of zeaxanthin nanoemulsion had good physical, chemical and stability properties during storage with an IC50 value of zeaxanthin less than 50 ppm

NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KIRINYUH (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA L) IN GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: The global prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) was 9.1% (697.5 million cases). Chronic kidney disease can occur, one of which is caused by drug nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity remains major problem for its effective long-term clinical use. Gentamicin is known to cause many morphologic, metabolic and functional alterations in the kidney and the specificity of gentamicin nephrotoxicity is related to its accumulation in the renal proximal convoluted tubules leading to tubular necrosis. Nephrotoxicity can be prevented by nephroprotective by giving antioxidants. Kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) has potential as a nephroprotective because it contains chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity. Methods: Wistar rats as many as 25 animals were divided into five groups, namely the normal control negative control (gentamicin 60 mg/kg BW rat), and kirinyuh leaf extract at a dose of 225, 450 and 675 mg/kg BW treatment was carried out for 10 d. Serum creatinine and urea levels were evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groups of rats. Data analysis using the One Way Anova test and continued LSD test. Results: Serum creatinine was a significant difference between groups P = 0.000 (P<0.05). The results of LSD analysis on creatinine levels showed a significant difference between the normal group and the negative group (P = 0.00); negative group to dose group 1 (P = 0.020) (P<0.05); dose 2 (P = 0.005) (P<0.05); and dose 3 (P = 0.000) (P<0.05). Dose 3 had the lowest creatinine level compared to other dose groups. Conclusion: Serum creatinine level at dose 675 significantly changes compare by a negative group of other dose groups. Renal histopathology results showed that the group with a dose of 450 mg/BW of rats had the lowest necrosis rate compared to the negative control group and other dose groups