LES Modelling of Propagating Turbulence Premixed Flames using a Dynamic Flame Surface Density Model

A Dynamic flame surface density (DFSD) model, developed recently from experimental images for transient turbulent premixed flames, is implemented and tested using the large eddy simulation (LES) modelling technique. Numerical predictions from DFSD model are compared with those predicted using the flame surface density (FSD) sub-grid scale (SGS) model for reaction rate. In the SGS-DFSD model, dynamic formulation of the reaction rate is coupled with the fractal analysis of the flame front structure. The fractal dimension is evaluated dynamically from an empirical formula based on the sub-grid velocity fluctuations. A laboratory scale combustion chamber with inbuilt solid obstacles is used for model validation and comparisons. The flame is initiated from igniting a stichiometric propane/air mixture from stagnation. The results obtained with the DFSD model are in good comparisons with experimental data and the essential features of turbulent premixed combustion are well captured. It has also been observed that the SGS-DFSD model for reaction rate found to capture the unresolved flame surface density contributions. Further investigations are planned to examine and validate of the SGS-DFSD for different flow geometries

Effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation on expression of growth-associated genes by corticospinal neurons

Background: Inflammation around cell bodies of primary sensory neurons and retinal ganglion cells enhances expression of neuronal growth-associated genes and stimulates axonal regeneration. We have asked if inflammation would have similar effects on corticospinal neurons, which normally show little response to spinal cord injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied onto the pial surface of the motor cortex of adult rats with or without concomitant injury of the corticospinal tract at C4. Inflammation around corticospinal tract cell bodies in the motor cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry for OX42 ( a microglia and macrophage marker). Expression of growth-associated genes c-jun, ATF3, SCG10 and GAP-43 was investigated by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridisation.Results: Application of LPS induced a gradient of inflammation through the full depth of the motor cortex and promoted c-Jun and SCG10 expression for up to 2 weeks, and GAP-43 upregulation for 3 days by many corticospinal neurons, but had very limited effects on neuronal ATF3 expression. However, many glial cells in the subcortical white matter upregulated ATF3. LPS did not promote sprouting of anterogradely labelled corticospinal axons, which did not grow into or beyond a cervical lesion site.Conclusion: Inflammation produced by topical application of LPS promoted increased expression of some growth-associated genes in the cell bodies of corticospinal neurons, but was insufficient to promote regeneration of the corticospinal tract

ATF3 upregulation in glia during Wallerian degeneration: differential expression in peripheral nerves and CNS white matter

Background: Many changes in gene expression occur in distal stumps of injured nerves but the transcriptional control of these events is poorly understood. We have examined the expression of the transcription factors ATF3 and c-Jun by non-neuronal cells during Wallerian degeneration following injury to sciatic nerves, dorsal roots and optic nerves of rats and mice, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.Results: Following sciatic nerve injury-transection or transection and reanastomosis-ATF3 was strongly upregulated by endoneurial, but not perineurial cells, of the distal stumps of the nerves by 1 day post operation (dpo) and remained strongly expressed in the endoneurium at 30 dpo when axonal regeneration was prevented. Most ATF3+ cells were immunoreactive for the Schwann cell marker, S100. When the nerve was transected and reanastomosed, allowing regeneration of axons, most ATF3 expression had been downregulated by 30 dpo. ATF3 expression was weaker in the proximal stumps of the injured nerves than in the distal stumps and present in fewer cells at all times after injury. ATF3 was upregulated by endoneurial cells in the distal stumps of injured neonatal rat sciatic nerves, but more weakly than in adult animals. ATF3 expression in transected sciatic nerves of mice was similar to that in rats. Following dorsal root injury in adult rats, ATF3 was upregulated in the part of the root between the lesion and the spinal cord (containing Schwann cells), beginning at 1 dpo, but not in the dorsal root entry zone or in the degenerating dorsal column of the spinal cord. Following optic nerve crush in adult rats, ATF3 was found in some cells at the injury site and small numbers of cells within the optic nerve displayed weak immunoreactivity. The pattern of expression of c-Jun in all types of nerve injury was similar to that of ATF3.Conclusion: These findings raise the possibility that ATF3/c-Jun heterodimers may play a role in regulating changes in gene expression necessary for preparing the distal segments of injured peripheral nerves for axonal regeneration. The absence of the ATF3 and c-Jun from CNS glia during Wallerian degeneration may limit their ability to support regeneration

Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru

: Organizational climate and job satisfaction is one of the factors that affect the performance of the teacher. The level of teacher performance related to organizational climate and job satisfaction of teachers in performing their duties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of organizational climate on teacher performance, to determine the effect of job satisfaction on teacher performance and to determine the effect of organizational climate and job satisfaction on the performance of teachers. The method used in this study are correlational survey, while data collection used questionnaires to variable organizational climate, job satisfaction and performance of teachers in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Lhokseumawe. The sampling technique is stratified random sampling of 51 respondents. The results of this study it can be concluded that the organizational climate is directly significant effect on the level of teacher performance. The amount of direct influence of organizational climate on teacher performance is (0.7401> 0.2759) = 55%. Job satisfaction is directly significant effect on the level of teacher performance. The amount of job satisfaction directly influences the performance of teachers is (0.7192> 2.759) = 51.73%. Organizational climate and job satisfaction jointly direct and significant impact on the level of teacher performance. The magnitude of the effect of organizational climate and job satisfaction together with the teacher's performance in school is (0.7994> 0.2759) = 63.9% theoretical The model developed in this study turned out to have been tested empirically on a junior secondary school in Lhokseumawe at significant level, meaning an empirical model of organizational climate and job satisfaction can be received as a model teacher performance

Kreativitas Guru Pai Dalam Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Di Madrasah Aliyah Jeumala Amal Lueng Putu

: Creativity is a key of successful teaching that oriented to the effectiveness of learning process, the achievement of leaning goals, and the optimal education. This study aimed to observe the process of developing teaching materials done by the teachers in learning process in Jeumala Amal Islamic Senior High School of Lueng Putu, where the conceptual teaching materials was a supportive facility in optimizing the learning and education process to achieve the goals expected. To achieve the aim, this study used qualitative approach. Techniques of data collection used were interview, observation, and documentation study. Subjects of this study were principal, vice principal, and teachers. The results of the study described that (1) the teachers tended to have creativity to develop teaching materials in learning process of Islamic Education (PAI) in Jeumala Amal Islamic Senior High School of Lueng Putu. The creativity could be seen from the variation of teaching materials developed, which came from teachers' own creativity, school library, bookstore, related department's aid, or websites. The teaching materials used with their various intensity of use and quality included books, pictures, brochures, mock-up, cassette, and CD; and (2) the effort done by the teachers in developing teaching materials were trying to design and be creative to produce and use teaching materials needed based on the material and sub-material of PAI scope

Manajemen Kurikulum Dalam Peningkatan Proses Pembelajaran Padasmk Negeri 1 Sabang

: This study will talk about how the curriculum management based School Based Curriculum (SBC) may be walking in vocational schools have a curriculum that is more complex than the other high school. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. This study took place in Public Vocational High School I Sabang which is the only vocational school in Sabang. Although it can be run, after evaluation of the implementation of curriculum management SBC apparently having some problems in the absence of which Congress Subject Teacher (CST) forum to expand the horizons of teachers, lack of media practices and tools, and limited the location of industry practices and qualifications of teachers are not qualified

Kualitas Pelayanan Perpustakaan Digital pada SMA Negeri 2 Banda Aceh

Pengelolaan perpustakaan digital di sekolah, harus memperhatikan pentingnya kualitas pelayanan sebagai kriteria untuk menjamin pengguna layanan agar terus-menerus menjadikan perpustakaan digital sebagai sumber pencarian informasi, buku-buku elektronik sekolah dan dokumen digital lain. Yang terjadi pada saat ini, pengembangan dan pengelolaan perpustakaan digital belum menjamin adanya kualitas layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas layanan perpustakaan digital. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan kualitas pelayanan perpustakaan digital. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data penelitian adalah pedoman wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan perpustakaan digital di SMA Negeri 2 Banda Aceh pada saat ini belum di kelola sesuai dengan kriteria kualitas layanan. Pengembangan dan pengelolaan perpustakaan digital tersebut disarankan agar memperhatikan sumber daya manusia sebagai pengelola, sehingga dapat menjamin adanya kualitas pelayanan pada perpustakaan digital sekolah