Феномен сквоттинга как одна из форм проявления автономизма (на примере стран Европы)

Васильева И. А. Феномен сквоттинга как одна из форм проявления автономизма (на примере стран Европы) / И. А. Васильева // Актуальні проблеми політики зб. наук. пр. / редкол.: С. В. Ківалов (голов. ред.), Л. І. Кормич (заст. голов. ред.), М. А. Польовий (відп. секр.) [та ін.] ; НУ «ОЮА», Південноукр. центр гендер. проблем. – Одеса : Фенікс, 2015. – Вип. 56. – С. 154-160.В статье рассматривается феномен сквоттинга, получивший сегодня достаточное распространение во многих странах. Изучение причин возникновения и процесса становления сквоттерства позволяет утверждать, что в современном мире существует достаточно благоприятная среда для развития данного явления

A Comprehensive Diagnosis of Components of Pedagogical Students’ Research Competency

Introduction. Nowadays, the aspects of development of research competencies in future experts belong to the most relevant topics, which are widely being discussed both in Russian and in foreign scientific community. One of burning issues in this thematic block is diagnosis of such competencies without which their successful development is impossible. Today, we are witnessing the disparity between a large number of the methods presented in scientific sources and technologies of the formation of students’ research competency and limitation of its criteria and indicators. Moreover, there is lack of adequate methodological tools to estimate objectively the level and quality of scientific literacy and degree of students’ research activity.The aim of the research was to define the content of a comprehensive diagnosis of the components of pedagogical students’ research competency and to justify the criteria, indicators and methods of its evaluation. Methodology and research methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation and modelling were employed. The systematic approach was applied, taking into account the provisions of plurality, integrity and structurisation. Results and scientific novelty. The authors presented and described the model of formation of pedagogical students’ practice-focused research competency. The knowledge-based, value-oriented and practical components of the model are correlated to the methods of psycho-pedagogical monitoring, which are relevant to the content of these components. The complex of particular techniques for comprehensive, precise and complete assessment of future teachers’ research competency is designed. The complexity of measurement tools is provided with homogeneity between a theoretical construct (research competency) and operationalised constructs (psychological phenomena estimated in diagnostic techniques). Cumulative application of the selected diagnostic procedures and techniques allows: objective and subjective indicators of formation of research abilities and skills to be compared; motivation and readiness of students for implementation of independent research activity to be defined, taking into account social and professional contexts of its realisation. Practical significance. The authors of the present publication propose to introduce into practice of the higher school the approaches to contents, structure and organisation of the psychological diagnostics of level of students’ research competency, which will give the chance not only to carry out the internal regular and continuous monitoring of formation of one of key characteristics of the identity of the modern expert in educational institutions, but also to optimise the process of multilevel high school preparation, having adjusted work on early identification of its problems and crisis stages to take timely effective correctional measures.Введение. К наиболее актуальным, касающимся функционирования высшей школы темам, широко обсуждающимся как в российском, так и в зарубежном научном сообществе, относятся аспекты освоения будущими специалистами исследовательских компетенций. Одной из острых проблем в данном тематическом блоке является диагностика такого рода компетенций, без которой невозможно их успешное развитие. В настоящее время наблюдается несоразмерность между огромным числом представленных в научных источниках методов и технологий формирования у студентов исследовательской компетентности и ограниченностью ее критериев и показателей, а также отсутствием адекватного методического инструментария, позволяющего объективно оценивать уровень и качество научной грамотности и степень исследовательской активности обучающихся. Цель изложенной в публикации работы – определить содержание комплексной диагностики компонентов исследовательской компетенции у студентов педагогических направлений подготовки и обосновать выбор методик ее измерения. Методология и методы. Исследование, в ходе которого использовались методы анализа, синтеза, обобщения и моделирования, выполнено с опорой на системный подход, базирующийся на положениях множественности, целостности и структуризации. Результаты и научная новизна. Описана авторская модель формирования практико-ориентированной исследовательской компетенции студентов педагогических специальностей. Составляющие модель знаниевый, ценностный и практический компоненты соотнесены с методами психолого-педагогического мониторинга, релевантными содержанию этих компонентов. Сконструирован комплекс конкретных методик для всесторонней, максимально точной и полной оценки исследовательской компетенции будущих педагогов. Комплексность измерительного инструментария обеспечивается гомогенностью между теоретическим конструктом (исследовательской компетенцией) и операционализированными конструктами (психологическими феноменами, оцениваемыми в диагностических методиках). Совокупное применение отобранных диагностических процедур и техник позволяет сопоставлять объективные и субъективные показатели сформированности исследовательских умений, навыков и способностей; определять мотивацию и готовность студентов к осуществлению самостоятельной исследовательской деятельности с учетом социального и профессионального контекстов ее реализации. Практическая значимость. Внедрение в практику высшей школы предлагаемых авторами подходов к содержанию, структуре и организации психологической диагностики уровня исследовательской компетенции обучающихся даст возможность не только проводить в учебных заведениях внутренний регулярный полноценный мониторинг сформированности одной из ключевых характеристик личности современного специалиста, но и оптимизировать процесс многоуровневой вузовской подготовки, наладив работу по оперативному выявлению его проблем и кризисных этапов для своевременного принятия эффективных коррекционных мер.the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project №18–013–00268 A “Formation of Students’ Research Competencies of the System of Multilevel Psycho-Pedagogical Education and Vocational Development of Pedagogical Personnel in Higher Educational Institution”РФФИ в рамках научного проекта №18–013–00268 А «Формирование исследовательских компетенций обучающихся в системе многоуровневого университетского психолого-педагогического образования и повышения квалификации педагогических кадров

Economic potential and development prospects of small businesses in rural areas

The article examines the role of small business in the development of rural areas by the example of bakery production. Moreover, it demonstrates the need for the interaction of small bakery businesses with large enterprises of the industry and grain processors. The article reveals the development trends of small bakery production in rural areas. The conditions for the participation of small bakery businesses in rural areas in the development of the production of functional and specialized bread are substantiated. The article proposes the directions and mechanisms of support for small bakery production at the level of rural territories. The development of modern methods of redistribution of bakery production in proportion to the living population, measures of state support for small bakery production and expansion of the range of bread products that contribute to improving the health of the population of Russia, is the theme of this study. The object of the research is the development of small bakery production as a condition for improving the quality of life of the population in rural areas. The subject of the research is production and management relations that ensure the development of small bakery production and its impact on the quality of life of the population in rural areas.peer-reviewe

Современные подходы к химиотерапии туберкулеза легких

Current approach to chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis.Современные подходы к химиотерапии туберкулеза легких

Metal vapor lasers with increased reliability

Results of investigation and development of an excitation pulse generator with magnetic pulse compression by saturation chokes for pumping of active media of CuBr, Sr, and Ca vapor lasers are presented. A high-power IGBT transistor is used as a commutator. The generator can operate at excitation pulse repetition frequencies up to 20 kHz. The total average power for all laser lines of the CuBr laser pumped by this generator is ~6.0 W; it is ~1.3–1.7 W for the Sr and Ca lasers

Study of clinical, statistical, anatomical, optical and functional properties of primary keratoectasia in patients living in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia

Purpose. To study clinical, statistical, anatomical, optical and functional properties of primary keratoectasia (PKE) in patients living in Far Eastern Federal District of Russia.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical outpatient cards of 481 patients with PKE who observed in the Khabarovsk branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. We studied the detectability of PKE over the years, their quantitative structure and staging, visual acuity, refraction, maximum keratometry-readings and minimum corneal thickness.Results. Keratoconus (KC) occurred in 445 (92.5%) patients, pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) occurred in 36 (7.5%). Among patients with KC, it was observed in 309 (69.4%) men and 136 (30.6%) in women. PMD was diagnosed in 19 (53%) men and 17 (47%) women. In 386 (86.7%) people with KC, the lesion was bilateral. Among the remaining 59 patients with KC, 6 people (1.3%) had a one-sided process, and 53 (12%) patients had signs of subclinical KC in the second eye. Bilateral PMD was detected in 35 (97%) people, in one (3%) patient the disease was detected in one eye. At comparable average values of refraction and corneal thickness in eyes with PMD and KC 1st stage, astigmatism-at PMD were 2–2.5 times greater.Conclusion. Among patients with KC, 34.9% eyes have the 2nd stage of the disease, in which visual acuity are already sufficiently reduced, and 28.5% eyes have KC the 3rd and the 4th stage and can be classified as visually impaired. The revealed differences in ratio of functional and refractive indexes of eyes with KC and PMD necessitate wider study of their diagnostic features and results of treatment latter

IMPACT OF EXPRESS SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING TO RIFAMPICIN OF M. TUBERCULOSIS ON CHEMOTHERAPY EFFICIENCY IN THOSE SUFFERING FROM MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS

Goal of the study: to compare efficiency of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy prescribed basing on drug susceptibility testing results obtained by GeneXpertMTB/RIF with relevant correction as per data of culture on liquid media and basing on drug susceptibility testing through culture on liquid media only. Materials and methods. 185 pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the age from 18 to 60 years were included into the study and divided into three groups: Groups 1 and 2 included those susceptible and resistant to rifampicin respectively which was detected by GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Group 3 was formed retrospectively out of patients suffering from multiple drug resistance in whom no test systems had been used.Results. If chemotherapy regimen was appropriately chosen basing on rifampicin susceptibility data obtained only through GeneXpert MTB/RIF, the time of sputum conversion confidently did not differ for those suffering from multiple drug resistance and those without it.Prescription of chemotherapy regimen basing on GeneXpert MTB/RIF results with consequent correction as per culture results obtained by Bactec MGIT 960 confidently enhances treatment outcomes in multiple drug resistant tuberculosis patients both regarding sputum conversion rate and cavity healing compared to the group where treatment regimen was corrected basing on results of culture on liquid media. Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF significantly reduces the number of chemotherapy regimens corrections or transfers to the other regimen. Under-detection of rifampicin resistance when using GeneXpert MTB/RIF compared to Bactec MGIT 960 was fixed on the level of 1.5% (95% CI 0.42-5.44%)

Comparison of the effects of liraglutide and sibutramine in obese patients

Background: Obesity is a global noncommunicable pandemic. The low effectiveness of treating obesity is associated with the difficulty of maintaining weight loss due to the reaction of the appetite regulation system. Drugs with central mechanisms of action can help overcome this problem.Aim: The aim of our study was to compare the effects of liraglutide and sibutramine (Reduxin) on the dynamics of weight and cardiometabolic parameters in obese patients without cardiovascular diseases.Materials and methods: We estimated the dynamics of the main metabolic parameters (BMI, glucose, lipid metabolism, blood pressure), the level of hormones involved in the regulation of fat metabolism (leptin, adiponectin, insulin), the ­HOMA-IR index, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation during therapy with liraglutide in comparison with reduxin for 6 months in obese patients.Results: 64 obese patients were included in the study: 25 patients — in the “Liraglutide” group, 39 patients — in the “Sibutramine” group in accordance with the declared inclusion / exclusion criteria. The included patients were young, average body mass index (BMI) (37.92 ± 5.45 kg / m2), average glycemic level was 5.47 ± 0.81 mmol /l, HOMA-IR was 6.01 ± 4.25, blood pressure was at inclusion was within the normal range, but 21.8% of patients received antihypertensive therapy.Both treatment options provided a comparable decrease in body weight (-10.28% vs -9.47%, p = 0.13)., Leptin level (-32.12% vs -41.77%, p = 0.77) and myeloperoxidase (-33.33% vs -19.91%, p = 0.2). The blood pressure level did not change significantly on liraglutide, while on reduxin the level of diastolic blood pressure (dBP) increased significantly (6.87%, p = 0.006). There was a more pronounced decrease in insulin levels compared to the baseline level (-46%, p = 0.005), as well as a decrease in the HOMA-IR index (-50.08, p = 0.005) on liraglutide therapy.An increase in adiponectin levels (+ 45.36% vs 14.01%, p = 0.0045) and a decrease in low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol were significantly more pronounced on reduxin therapy (-15.03% vs -9.4%, p = 0.006).36% of the participants completed their participation in the study ahead of schedule due to the lack of effect in the form of weight loss in the «Liraglutide» group. Side effects in the “Liraglutide” group were observed in 16% of patients. 48% of patients took part in the study within 6 months. In the «Sibutramine» group 33.4% of patients completed the study ahead of schedule for reasons unrelated to the drug intake, the side effects were observed in 20.5% of patients. 46.1% of participants in the «Sibutramine» group received therapy for 6 months.Conclusions: This study confirms the previous findings that both liraglutide and reduxin therapy provide effective weight loss. We found a positive trend in markers of inflammation, atherogenesis and oxidative stress, and leptin levels. Liraglutide therapy was accompanied by a more pronounced effect on the state of carbohydrate metabolism, and reduxin therapy provided a more pronounced dynamics of lipid disorders and adiponexin. Both groups were characterized by a rather low adherence to therapy, but the incidence of side effects requiring stopping therapy was higher in the Sibutramine group

Partial level density of the n-quasiparticle excitations in the nuclei of the 39< A <201 region

Level density and radiative strength functions are obtained from the analysis of two-step cascades intensities following the thermal neutrons capture. The data on level density are approximated by the sum of the partial level densities corresponding to n quasiparticles excitation. The most probable values of the collective enhancement factor of the level density are found together with the thresholds of the next Cooper nucleons pair breaking. These data allow one to calculate the level density of practically any nucleus in given spin window in the framework of model concepts, taking into account all known nuclear excitation types. The presence of an approximation results discrepancy with theoretical statements specifies the necessity of rather essentially developing the level density models. It also indicates the possibilities to obtain the essentially new information on nucleon correlation functions of the excited nucleus from the experiment.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures, 2 table