EFECTIVIDAD DEL TRATAMIENTO DEL SÍNDROME NEFRÓTICO CORTICORRESISTENTE EN PEDIATRÍA

El síndrome nefrótico idiopático es muy frecuente en niños, su evolución está determinada por la respuesta al tratamiento con corticoides y variedad histológica, pero existe un 15% - 27% son Síndrome Nefrótico Corticorresistentes (SNCR), en estos casos se utilizan terapias alternativas para lograr la remisión de la proteinuria. En el Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesús Rivera (HIMJR) de Nicaragua, se aplica, ciclofosfamida + enalapril + prednisona (esquema 1) y ciclosporina A + enalapril + prednisona (esquema 2). Con el objetivo de analizar la efectividad de estos tratamientos y su relación con la variedad histológica, se realizó un estudio en setenta niños diagnosticados en este centro asistencial con el SNCR, en el periodo 2005–2012. El estudio fue descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo y transversal, encontrándose los siguientes resultados: 57,1% escolares del sexo femenino, el 51,4% glomeruroesclerosis focal segmentaria (GSFS), lesión de cambios mínimos 32,8%, glomerulopatía membranosa 7,2%, membranoproliferativa 4,2% y no concluyente 4,2%. Los setenta pacientes en estudio recibieron el esquema 1, obteniendo remisión completa (RC) el 38,5%; remisión parcial (RP) el 7,1% y 54,2% sin remisión (SR) de la proteinuria, a los diecinueve niños sin remisión se les aplicó el esquema 2, obteniendo RC el 26,3%, RP el 42,1% y 31,5% SR de la proteinuria. En relación a la variedad histológica el 41,1% (14) de GSFS tratados con esquema 1, y el 36,3% (4) con esquema 2 obtuvieron RC. En Nicaragua se recomienda mantener el esquema 1 para tratar el SNCR, se instauran otras alternativas en casos sin remisión

Non-invasive Mechanism Classification and Localization in Supraventricular Cardiac Arrhythmias

[EN] In this study, we investigated the most relevant biomarkers for noninvasive classification and mechanism location in atrial tachycardia (AT), flutter (AFL) and fibrillation (AF). Biomarkers were calculated using noninvasive body surface (BSPM) dominant frequency and phase maps. We used 19 simulations of 567 to 64-lead BSPMs, from which were extracted 32 biomarkers. Biomarker ranking was performed with ANOVA, Kendall and Lasso techniques. The best four biomarkers were identified and used to classify the arrhythmias in all combinations, and the best two used for noninvasive driver localization. Arrhythmia classification accuracy was 94.74%. The feature combination which best distinguish AF from non-AF were mean filament displacement and mean OI, while those that best distinguish AFL from AT were mean and SD of SP distribution. There was good agreement across ranking techniques. Mechanism location accuracy was 78.95%, with the most important biomarkers being percentage SPs within each torso division, and SD of filament histogram cluster area. This study highlights that organization related features well identifies AF and spatial SP distribution discriminate AT from AFL and also it¿s localization.VGM is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 860974. IS, JAS and JS are supported by grant #2018/25606-2, Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).Sandoval, I.; Marques, VG.; Sims, JA.; Rodrigo, M.; Guillem Sánchez, MS.; Salinet, J. (2021). Non-invasive Mechanism Classification and Localization in Supraventricular Cardiac Arrhythmias. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.22489/CinC.2021.2261

Shot noise in magnetic tunneling structures with two-level quantum dots

We analyze shot noise in a magnetic tunnel junction with a two-level quantum dot attached to the magnetic electrodes. The considerations are limited to the case when some transport channels are suppressed at low temperatures. Coupling of the two dot's levels to the electrodes are assumed to be generally different and also spin dependent. To calculate the shot noise we apply the approach based on the full counting statistics. The approach is used to account for experimental data obtained in magnetic tunnel junctions with organic barriers. The experimentally observed Fano factors correspond to the super-Poissonian statistics, and also depend on relative orientation of the electrodes' magnetic moments. We have also calculated the corresponding spin shot noise, which is associated with fluctuations of spin current

Instability of hyper-compact Kerr-like objects

Viable alternatives to astrophysical black holes include hyper-compact objects without horizon, such as gravastars, boson stars, wormholes and superspinars. The authors have recently shown that typical rapidly-spinning gravastars and boson stars develop a strong instability. That analysis is extended in this paper to a wide class of horizonless objects with approximate Kerr-like geometry. A detailed investigation of wormholes and superspinars is presented, using plausible models and mirror boundary conditions at the surface. Like gravastars and boson stars, these objects are unstable with very short instability timescales. This result strengthens previous conclusions that observed hyper-compact astrophysical objects with large rotation are likely to be black holes.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures. To be published in CQ

On the origin of the Norwegian lemming.

The Pleistocene glacial cycles resulted in significant changes in species distributions, and it has been discussed whether this caused increased rates of population divergence and speciation. One species that is likely to have evolved during the Pleistocene is the Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus). However, the origin of this species, both in terms of when and from what ancestral taxon it evolved, has been difficult to ascertain. Here, we use ancient DNA recovered from lemming remains from a series of Late Pleistocene and Holocene sites to explore the species' evolutionary history. The results revealed considerable genetic differentiation between glacial and contemporary samples. Moreover, the analyses provided strong support for a divergence time prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), therefore likely ruling out a postglacial colonization of Scandinavia. Consequently, it appears that the Norwegian lemming evolved from a small population that survived the LGM in an ice-free Scandinavian refugium

NA49 results on hadron production: indications of the onset of deconfinement ?

The NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS measured the energy and system size dependence of particle production in A+A collisions. A change of the energy dependence of several hadron production properties at low SPS energies is observed which suggests a scenario requiring the onset of deconfinement.Comment: XXXV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics 200

Energy dependence of particle ratio fluctuations in central Pb+Pb collisions from sNN=\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} =~6.3 to 17.3 GeV

We present measurements of the energy dependence of event-by-event fluctuations in the K/pi and (p + \bar{p})/pi multiplicity ratios in heavy ion collisions at the CERN SPS. The particle ratio fluctuations were obtained for central Pb+Pb collisions at five collision energies, \sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}, between 6.3 and 17.3 GeV. After accounting for the effects of finite-number statistics and detector resolution, we extract the strength of non-statistical fluctuations at each energy. For the K/pi ratio, larger fluctuations than expected for independent particle production are found at all collision energies. The fluctuations in the (p + \bar{p})/pi ratio are smaller than expectations from independent particle production, indicating correlated pion and proton production from resonance decays. For both ratios, the deviation from purely statistical fluctuations shows an increase towards lower collision energies. The results are compared to transport model calculations, which fail to describe the energy dependence of the K/pi ratio fluctuations.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, update to published versio

Upper Limit of D0 Production in Central Pb-Pb Collisions at 158A GeV

Results are presented from a search for the decays D0 -> Kmin piplus and D0bar -> Kplus pimin in a sample of 3.8x10^6 central Pb-Pb events collected with a beam energy of 158A GeV by NA49 at the CERN SPS. No signal is observed. An upper limit on D0 production is derived and compared to predictions from several models.Comment: REVTEX 5 pages, 4 figure