ИНТЕРВЬЮ С ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫМ РУКОВОДИТЕЛЕМ ТЕАТРА ИМПРОВИЗАЦИИ «ЧЕРНЫЙ КВАДРАТ» (Г. КИЕВ) А.Н. НЕЕЛОВЫМ: ОБ АКТУАЛЬНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМАХ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВАХ ЭТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ В ТЕАТРЕ

Because of the actualization of the discourse on the "Cancel  culture", the issue of the admissibility of ethical examination becomes more and more acute. This issue becomes the most controversial in areas affecting the largest number of people as consumers of content: in humor and in art. The percentage of canceled performances, argued by moral motives, is growing not only in Russia, but also in European and American countries - a society of tolerance and a “culture of cancellation”, on the one hand, and an exacerbation of the discourse about the protection of “traditional values ”, on the other hand, define the scientific interest in this problem. This interview was conducted as part of a dissertation research on topical issues of ethical examination. The interlocutor, Anatoly Neyelov, the director of the ‘Black Square’ improvisation theater (Kiev). The purpose of this interview is to identify private experience of moral conflicts in the artistic environment, the field of business and attitudes towards ethical examination. Within the framework of this interview, a high degree of conflict potential of the topic of eroticism in art was attested. The a preliminary ethical examination of works is requested in order to prevent trauma to viewers, on the one hand, and to protect the artist himself and the institute demonstrating the work, on the other.С актуализацией дискурса о «Новой этике»[1] вопрос о допустимости этической экспертизы встает все острее. Наиболее дискуссионным этот вопрос становится в сферах, затрагивающих наибольшее число людей, в качестве потребителей контента: в юморе и в искусстве. Процент снятых спектаклей, закрытых выставок, отказов в выдаче прокатных удостоверений фильмам, аргументированный нравственными мотивами растет не только в России, но и в странах Европы и Америки – общество толерантности и «культуры отмены», с одной стороны, и обострение дискурса о защите «традиционных ценностей», с другой обуславливают научный интерес к данной проблеме. Данное интервью проведено в рамках диссертационного исследования, посвящённого актуальным проблемам этической экспертизы. Собеседником является Анатолий Николаевич Неелов – художественный руководитель театра импровизации «Черный Квадрат» (г. Киев). Целью проведения данного интервью является выявление частного опыта моральных конфликтах в художественной среде, области бизнеса и отношения к этической экспертизе. В рамках данного интервью была засвидетельствована высокая степень конфликтогенности темы эротизма в искусстве, а также запрос на проведение предварительной этической экспертизы произведений в целях предотвращения травмации зрителей, с одной стороны, и защиты самого художника и института, демонстрирующего произведение, - с другой.[1] Термин употребляется исключительно в рамках русскоязычного научного пространства

2018–2019 antiviral drug sensitivity of the influenza virus strains isolated from various regions of Kazakhstan

Influenza is a serious public health problem. The ability of influenza virus to change upon replication is the most serious issue for practical medicine and virology, which can fundamentally alter virus biological properties, such as infectivity and virulence. The high mutational variability of influenza viruses can contribute to rapidly emerging drug resistance. Therefore, the study of antiviral drug sensitivity among influenza viruses is necessary to justify proper drug use for treatment and prevention of influenza infection. The aim of the study was to examine antiviral drug susceptibility of influenza A/H1N1 and B virus strains isolated from various regions of Kazakhstan in the years 2018–2019. Materials and methods. The susceptibility analysis of 20 strains of influenza A/H1N1 and B viruses was carried out by using chemotherapeutic agents including Remantadine, Tamiflu, Arbidol, and Ingavirin. Viruses were cultured in the allantoic cavity of developing 10-day-old chicken embryos for 48 hours at 36оC. The hemagglutinating activity was determined according to the standard method on 96-well plates using 0.75% chicken red blood cell suspension; the infectivity was calculated by the Reed–Muench method. The susceptibility of virus strains to different concentrations of antiviral drugs was evaluated by the level of virus reproductive suppression of 100 lg EID50/0.2 ml in chicken embryos. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. Results. A study of susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents demonstrated heterogeneity of influenza A and B virus population isolated in Kazakhstan during the 2018–2019 period. The susceptibility to tamiflu was found in all Kazakhstan strains of influenza A/H1N1 virus and three type B strains (inhibitory concentration was 0.44–25.38 μg/mL). The reproduction of most viruses was effectively inhibited by Tamiflu at a concentration of 0.68–3.23 μg/mL. The inhibitory concentration for three strains of A/H1N1 virus was 7.23–25.38 μg/mL. Remantadine inhibited reproduction of viruses at higher doses (12.60–25.55 μg /mL). All investigated viruses were resistant to Arbidol and Ingavirin. A single type B influenza virus strain was found to be weakly susceptible to Ingavirin. Conclusion. The heterogeneity of influenza virus population in susceptibility to antiviral drugs suggest a need for constant epidemiological surveillance in order to identify drug-resistant variants

EVOLUTION OF AN ENSEMBLE OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES IN METASTABLE MEDIA WITH ALLOWANCE FOR THEIR UNSTEADY-STATE GROWTH RATES

The process of particle nucleation and growth at the initial and intermediate stages of bulk crystallization in metastable liquids is studied. An integrodifferential model of balance and kinetic equations with corresponding boundary and initial conditions is formulated with allowance

The study of the structure of anxiety in athletes

Objective: to study the structure of disorders caused by anxiety in athletes. Materials and methods: the objects of the first task of the research were different terminological definitions and classifications of anxiety disorders. Comparative analysis of the definitions and concepts used in psychology, physiology, sports medicine, theory and methodology of physical education has been carried out. The second task was to determine the leading factors characterizing the psychological status of athletes, and to give them the descriptive characteristics. A factor analysis was conducted on the results of testing 79 athletes of combat sports (34 men, 45 women) using the M Luscher color test and the integrative anxiety test by AP Bizyuk, LI Wasserman, BV Iovlev. Results: Luscher's test scores (total deviation from the autogenous rate, mental performance, vegetative coefficient) explained only 14.5% of the total variance. Simultaneously, the indicator of situational anxiety from Luscher's test was not included in any factor. The informativeness of more detailed integrative anxiety test was significantly higher: its indicators were included in 3 factors, explaining totally 49.5% of the total variance, as well as in the general factor, which explains 33% of the total variance. Conclusions: the emotional component (emotions which cause situational anxiety) contributes largely to the total anxiety level, some smaller contribution accounts for the social components (fear of condemnation, dependence on the opinions of others), finally, the personal anxiety contributes to it even less

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ УСКОРИТЕЛЕЙ ТИАЗОЛОВОГО РЯДА С ВУЛКАНИЗАЦИОННЫМИ СВОЙСТВАМИ ЭЛАСТОМЕРНЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИЙ

The quantum-chemical calculation of structures of sulfur vulcanization organic thiazole accelerators was performed. It was established that there is a correlation between the atomic electronegativity of nitrogen, the S–N length bond of and the rheokinetic properties of sulfur vulcanizates with Shungite and ZnO as activators. Moreover, scorching time was influenced on type of an activator. It should be noted that in the presence of Shungite under vulcanization began earlier than with ZnO except for MBT. So the strength of the physical adsorption of MBT on the surface of ZnO similars to Shungite.Проведен квантово-химический расчет структурных формул органических ускорителей серной вулканизации тиазолового ряда. Определены длины и углы связей, а также рассчитаны заряды атомов. Установлена взаимосвязь между электроотрицательностью атома азота, длиной связи S-N и реометрическими свойствами серных вулканизатов c шунгитом и оксидом цинка в качестве активаторов

МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПРОТИВОИНФЕКЦИОННОЙ ФУНКЦИИ ВРОЖДЕННОГО ИММУНИТЕТА ПРИ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ: РОЛЬ TOLL-ПОДОБНЫХ РЕЦЕПТОРОВ

This review describes the main role of toll-like receptors of innate immunity for pathogen recognition; signaling; production of inflammatory response. Also Interrelation of innate and adaptive Immunity in conditions of pathology and organ transplantation were considered. В обзоре рассмотрены современные представления о механизмах противоинфекционной функции систе- мы врожденного иммунитета, основанные на ведущей роли Toll-подобных рецепторов (TLR) в распозна- вании патогенов, трансдукции сигнала и каскада молекулярных внутриклеточных процессов, включая реализацию воспалительной реакции и начальных этапов адаптивного ответа. Приведен анализ влия- ния дефектов взаимодействия TLR и патогенов на развитие патологических процессов в организме. Об- суждена ведущая роль TLR в формировании ответной реакции врожденного иммунитета на патоген и возможности ее контролирования в условиях индуцированной супрессии адаптивного иммунитета при трансплантации.

Detection of influenza virus and pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections in population of Kazakhstan during 2018-2019 epidemic season

Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections are the most common infectious diseases of our time, causing a significant harm to human health as well as great economic damage. At least five groups of viruses, including more than 300 subtypes, are currently related to ARVI pathogens. Such infectious agents are characterized by a high degree of variability resulting in replaced virus antigenic characteristics augmenting their contagiousness, immunoevasion, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Of relevance, influenza and other ARVIs also pose a threat due to subsequent rapid formation of bacterially-associated respiratory diseases as well as their continuous variability and emergence of new pathogenic species. In recent years, subtype A (H1N1) and A (H3N2) with predominance of pandemic strain, as well as type B influenza viruses have been simultaneously found in circulation. Most common among the causative agents of noninfluenza ARVIs, are respiratory syncytial virus, rhino- and adenoviruses, as well as I/III parainfluenza viruses. Here we present the results of virological and serological studies of clinical samples collected during the 2018—2019 epidemic season in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan after analyzing 2794 clinical samples (2530 nasopharyngeal swabs and 264 blood serum samples) of patients diagnosed with ARVI, ARI, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Examining nasopharyngeal swabs by using RT-PCR showed that the mixed etiology influenza viruses with predominant A/H1N1pdm virus circulated in Kazakhstan. In particular, influenza virus genetic material was found in 511 swabs (20.20% of total examined samples), so that influenza A virus RNA was detected in 508 biological samples such as A/H1N1 — in 289, A/H3N2 — 209, unverified virus subtype — 10 samples. Type B influenza virus was detected in 3 samples. Analyzing 264 blood serum samples by the HAI assay and ELISA showed the presence of antibodies specific to influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B viruses in the population of various regions of Kazakhstan, thereby indirectly confirming their co-circulation. 42 influenza virus strains were isolated in chicken embryos, of which 28 were assigned to A/H1N1pdm virus, 13 — A/H3N2 virus, and one isolate was identified as influenza B virus. The laboratory diagnostics of clinical samples for ARVIs revealed that respiratory syncytial virus prevailed among identified non-influenza agents, whereas rhino- and adenoviruses were less common. Metapneumoviruses, bocaviruses, coronaviruses, and type I parainfluenza viruses were detected in few cases. Comparison of our study data with the data on 2017—2018 circulation of influenza pathogens showed that in Kazakhstan influenza A and B viruses continued to circulate, with the dominance of A/H1N1pdm virus as it was in the previous epidemic season. Identification of non-influenza viruses, the causative agents of 2018—2019 respiratory infections, showed the predominance of respiratory syncytial virus that correlated with the aforementioned results

РЕАКЦИЯ ЭРИТРОИДНОГО РОСТКА КРОВЕТВОРЕНИЯ НА ОПУХОЛЕВЫЙ РОСТ У БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ ЛЕГКОГО

Background. In addition to the transport of oxygen in tissues, erythrocytes participate in maintaining homeostasis therefore their qualitative and quantitative characterization may reflect a number of changes occurring in the body. The aim of the study was to investigate the erythrone state and reaction of red blood cells of hematopoiesis in patients with lung cancer with the assessment of ability to use such reactions as predictive signs of aggressiveness of the tumor process. Results. Clinical material indicating the presence of reaction of erythropoiesis and enzymatic antioxidant system to tumor growth in patients with lung cancer was obtained. Pathological changes in the erythrone system, including changes in the concentration of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, quantitative and morphological characteristics of red blood cells and reticulocytes, hemoglobin concentration and the activity of superoxide dismutase correlated with tumor aggressiveness and more severe clinical status of patients. Сonclusion. A comprehensive assessment of erythropoiesis is believed can be used in selection of criteria for predicting treatment response and patients survival.Введение. Эритроциты, помимо транспорта кислорода в ткани, участвуют в поддержании гомеостаза, поэтому их качественная и количественная перестройка может отражать ряд изменений, происходящих в организме. Целью исследования явилось изучение состояния эритрона в целом и реакции красного ростка кроветворения у больных раком легкого с оценкой возможности использования таких реакций в качестве предиктивных признаков агрессивности опухолевого процесса. результаты. Получен клинический материал, свидетельствующий о наличии реакции эритроидного ростка кроветворения и ферментативного звена антиоксидантной системы на опухолевый процесс у больных раком легкого. Регистрируемые сдвиги в состоянии эритрона: концентрация гипоксией индуцированного фактора 1α, количественные и морфологические характеристики эритроцитов и ретикулоцитов, концентрация гемоглобина и активность супероксиддисмутазы периферической крови коррелируют с агрессивностью опухоли и тяжестью клинического состояния больных. Заключение. Комплексная оценка состояния красного ростка кроветворения может быть использована в выборе предиктивных критериев при составлении прогноза эффективности лечения и продолжительности жизни больных.