CFD analysis and validation for solution to micro air vehicle airframes

Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) are generally defined as having an airframe with a span less than 6 inches and a mass less than 100 grams. The design of airframes is currently hindered by the lack of thorough understanding of the flow physics of very small aircrafts flying at low speeds. The study investigates the use of Fluent, a licensed CFD code at RTT, for MAV airframe design. This study is carried out in 4 steps. First, 4 different airfoils are selected and tested in CFD. The next step included the simulation of 3-D flat plates and wing models. An external model \u27Bidule\u27 is obtained from the University of Sydney and geometry exported to simulate results. The final step is the creation of a physical MAV model and testing in the wind tunnel. This model is tested at 4 different Reynolds Numbers and results were compared with those obtained from the simulation. Lift and Drag coefficients were compared for all the simulations with experimental results. It was observed that for the MAV airframe lift and drag both compared well for the mid range angle of attack from -2 to 15 . Lift deviation between the MAV airframe simulated and tested were with 10%, and the deviation for drag was within 15% for the MAV airframe. These deviations were different in the case of airfoils and flat plates tested in Fluent. It is thus concluded from this study that the CFD analysis in Fluent can be used to get a close approximation value for the lift and drag coefficients in the mid range angle of attack

Irreducible representations of the braid group B3B_3 in dimension 6

We use $q$-Pascal's triangle to define a family of representations of dimension 6 of the braid group $B_3$ on three strings. Then we give a necessary and sufficient condition for these representations to be irreducible

B3B_3 block representations of dimension 6 and braid reversions

We construct a family of six dimensional block representations of the braid group $B_3$ on three strings. We show that these representations can be used to distinguish braids of knots with 9 and 10 crossings from their reversed braids

Targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory therapy to rheumatoid tissue by fusion proteins containing an IL-4-linked synovial targeting peptide

We provide first-time evidence that the synovial endothelium-targeting peptide (SyETP) CKSTHDRLC successfully delivers conjugated IL-4 to human rheumatoid synovium transplanted into SCID mice. SyETP, previously isolated by in vivo phage display and shown to preferentially localize to synovial xenografts, was linked by recombinant technology to hIL-4 via an MMP-cleavable sequence. Both IL-4 and the MMP-cleavable sequence were shown to be functional. IL-4-SyETP augmented production of IL-1ra by synoviocytes stimulated with IL-1[beta] in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo imaging confirmed increased retention of SyETP-linked-IL-4 in synovial grafts which was enhanced by increasing number of copies (one to three) in the constructs. Strikingly, SyETP delivered bioactive IL-4 in vivo as demonstrated by increased pSTAT6 in synovial grafts. Thus, this study provides proof of concept for peptide-tissue-specific targeted immunotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. This technology is potentially applicable to other biological therapies providing enhanced potency to inflammatory sites and reducing systemic toxicity

Analisis Input-Output Atas Dampak Sektor Pariwisata terhadap Perekonomian Maluku

Sebagai provinsi bahari, Maluku memiliki potensi pariwisata yang beragam. Potensi ini dapat diberdayakan bagi pengembangan perekonomian Provinsi Maluku yang selama ini masih masuk dalam kategori daerah tertinggal. Menggunakan analisis input-output, studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti seberapa besar pengaruh investasi pada industri pariwisata dan sektor pendukungnya terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Maluku. Analisis dilakukan untuk melihat efek pengganda, dampak terhadap output dan upah secara keseluruhan, dan sentralitas sektor pariwisata dalam perekonomian Provinsi Maluku. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa investasi pada sektor-sektor ini memiliki dampak yang dapat diperhitungkan bagi perekonomian Provinsi Maluku

Image filtering by convolution

Image filtering is a common technique used in digital image processing that can be used to make a picture appear differently aesthetically. Noise, also known as distracting visual artifacts, can lower the overall quality of a picture, which is why image improvement techniques are required to fix the problem. It can be utilized in a variety of ways, including smoothing, sharpening, reducing noise, and detecting borders, to name a few. In this piece, we will be using convolutional techniques to correct the images that were messed up. The first thing that needs to be done is a point-by-point multiplication of the frequency domain representation of the picture that's being entered through a black image that has a small white rectangle in the mid of it. This is the first step. Only the lowest harmonics are kept after we apply a filter that gets rid of the higher ones. Because the high frequencies in the input picture are filtered out, the special domain of the image that is produced should look like a blurrier variation of the original picture. Therefore, a greater degree of detail preservation is indicated when the white rectangle W is larger because this indicates that more high-frequency components of I have been preserved

Burkitt's lymphoma of the colon and bronchi: three case reports

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Kualitas Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus Pelamis L.) Asap Pada Beberapa Sentra Pengolahan Di Sulawesi Utara

Skipjack tuna “fufu” is a typical North Sulawesi smoked fish. This product is very popular and caught the interest by local residents and domestic tourists. Up until now, there is no uniform quality of skipjack tuna fufu products in the market. The products of smoked fish varied in textures and salty flavors. It is indicated of the lack of processing standard of smoked skipjack which can be used as a benchmark for fish processors. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of smoked skipjack produced by 5 different fish processors in North Sulawesi. Tests were carried out on salt content, moisture content, and sensory of saltiness and texture of fish. The result showed that the salt and moisture content of smoked skipjack obtained from 5 different processors still meet the Indonesian National Standard requirements. The organoleptic test shows a variety of panelist perception of saltiness and texture of smoked fish. Furthermore, there was a very weak correlation between the saltiness value and salt content (r = 0.132) and between the texture and moisture content (r = 0.187). Ikan cakalang fufu merupakan ikan asap khas Sulawesi Utara. Ikan ini semakin digemari dan diminati oleh penduduk lokal maupun wisatawan domestik. Sampai saat ini belum ada produk ikan cakalang fufu dengan mutu yang seragam di pasaran. Produk ikan asap yang dihasilkan memiliki tekstur yang beragam dan rasa asin yang bervariasi. Hal ini karena tidak adanya standard proses pengolahan ikan cakalang fufu yang dapat dijadikan patokan bagi pengolah ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas ikan Cakalang asap yang dihasilkan oleh 5 tempat pengolahan berbeda di Sulawesi Utara. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap kadar garam, kadar air, dan uji organoleptik terhadap rasa asin dan tekstur ikan. Kadar garam dan kadar air ikan Cakalang asap dari 5 pengolah berbeda masih memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia. Uji organoleptik menunjukan bervariasinya penilaian panelis terhadap rasa asin dn tekstur ikan asap. Adanya korelasi yang sangat lemah antara nilai organoleptik rasa asin dan kadar garam (r = 0.132) maupun antara nilai organoleptik tekstur dan kadar air (r=0.187)

The corporate debt maturity choice : an empirical examination

Unlike the extensive literature on the more general topic of capital structure, empirical research in the corporate debt maturity area is still scant. Related studies had formulated theoretical justifications for the observed cross-sectional multiplicity of debt maturities without a parallel concern in empirical research and to date, little empirical work has been conducted to test those formulations. In this context, this paper makes a major contribution in that it attempts to explain how corporate debt maturity choice is determined. At the core of this study is a general multiple choice model that makes it possible to examine how the different hypotheses on debt maturity advanced thusfar determine that choice. Using an ordered model as opposed to a simple model had the advantage of capturing the segmentation in the debt maturity market while allowing a gain in efficiency for the parameter estimates. The results from this model lend strong support to the hypothesis that, overall, when choosing the maturity of a new debt, corporate managers seek to minimize the agency costs of debt in general, especially those from the incentive for wealth expropriation by investing in riskier projects than originally anticipated. The evidence is also consistent with the assumption that managers do commit themselves not to transfer wealth from bondholders to stockholders by attaching protective covenants to the newly issued debt. Finally, the model's classificatory ability is tested for meaningfulness by comparing it to the proportional chance model