On dynamical net-charge fluctuations within a hadron resonance gas approach

The dynamical net-charge fluctuations (${\nu}_{dyn}$) in different particle ratios $K/{\pi}$, $K/p$, and $p/{\pi}$ are calculated from the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and compared with STAR central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7-200~$GeV and NA49 central Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=6.3-17.3~$GeV. The three charged-particle ratios ($K/{\pi}$, $K/p$, and $p/{\pi}$) are determined as total and average of opposite and average of same charges. We find an excellent agreement between the HRG calculations and the experimental measurements, especially from STAR beam energy scan (BES) program, while the strange particles in the NA49 experiment at lower Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies are not reproduced by the HRG approach. We conclude that the utilized HRG version seems to take into consideration various types of correlations including strong interactions through the heavy resonances and their decays especially at BES energies.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Advances in High Energy Physic

Particle production and chemical freezeout from the hybrid UrQMD approach at NICA energies

The energy dependence of various particle ratios is calculated within the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics approach and compared with the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and measurements from various experiments, including RHIC-BES, SPS and AGS. It is found that the UrQMD particle ratios agree well with the experimental results at the RHIC-BES energies. Thus, we have utilized UrQMD in simulating particle ratios at other beam energies down to 3 GeV, which will be accessed at NICA and FAIR future facilities. We observe that the particle ratios for crossover and first-order phase transition, implemented in the hybrid UrQMD v3.4, are nearly indistinguishable, especially at low energies (at large baryon chemical potentials or high density).Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, one reference is added and one paragraph is rephrased. To appear in EPJ

Assessment of the Effect of two Different Digital Fabrication Techniques on Marginal and Internal Fit of Interim Fixed Dental Prothesis

Aim: The aim of that study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of a 3-unit, and 6-unit interim fixed dental prosthesis manufactured through milling and 3D printing technologies. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight interim fixed dental prostheses (FDP) were equally divided into two groups according to the fabrication technique. In group (MT), specimens were fabricated through milling technology while in group (PT), specimens were obtained by 3D printing. Each group was subdivided equally according to the FDP span length into 3-unit FDP (SFDP), and 6-unit FDP (LFDP). Marginal and internal fit were measured through the superimposition of the digital master model data and data of the fitting surfaces of the milled and printed FDPs using the “best-fit” alignment feature of a 3D evaluation superimposition software. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two fabrication techniques as well as the two span lengths. The significance level was set at P \u3c 0.05. Results: Results showed that 3D printing showed statistically significantly higher overall marginal gap distance (MGD) than the milling technique for the (SFDP) subgroup while milling showed higher overall (MGD) values than 3D printing for the (LFDP) subgroup. For internal fit, 3D printing showed lower overall internal gap distance values than milling. Conclusions: Milling technology was able to produce restorations with better marginal fit compared to 3D printing only in 3-unit FDPs. However, the opposite was true when the internal fit of the restorations was considered where 3D printing surpassed the milling technique in both the short-span and long-span FDPs. Consequently, 3D printing could be the technique of preference for fabricating provisional restorations especially when it comes to complex long span FDPs

Peer Social Acceptance of Students with Special Needs

The purpose of this research is to investigate how kids with ASD are accepted socially by their peers. Peer social acceptability may be seen in the manner in which autistic kids are treated by their peers as well as in how they show and demonstrate their desire to participate in various activities. In addition, the many kinds of connections that may be seen between ordinary students and pupils who have ASD. This research is a qualitative study that focuses on description. The participants in this research were classmates and their respective professors. Interviews and observations were the methods of data collection that were employed for this investigation. The method of data analysis that was employed was called descriptive analysis, and it included reducing the amount of data, presenting the data, and deriving conclusions from the data. Verifying the accuracy of the authors claims by using methods such as triangulation, extended observations, and consultation with others. Students who have ASD spectrum disorder may participate in social activities with their peers. The classroom instructors support and understanding helps ordinary students better appreciate the condition of students with ASD. The teacher also understands children with ASD when they have tantrums and may be an aid when students with ASD are having problems. Social interactions and group relations are the types of relationships that may develop between children with ASD and their typical classmates. Regular students are able to create group interactions with students who have ASD with the assistance of the class teachers promotion of the formation of study groups

Extremely large extinction efficiency and field enhancement in terahertz resonant dipole nanoantennas

The distinctive ability of nanometallic structures to manipulate light at the nanoscale has recently promoted their use for a spectacular set of applications in a wide range of areas of research including artificial optical materials, nano-imaging, biosensing, and nonlinear optics. Here we transfer this concept to the terahertz spectral region, demonstrating a metal nanostructure in shape of a dipole nanoantenna, which can efficiently resonate at terahertz frequencies, showing an effective cross section >100 times larger than its geometrical area, and a field enhancement factor of ~280, confined on a lateral section of ~λ/1,000. These results lead to immediate applications in terahertz artificial materials exhibiting giant dichroism, suggest the use of dipole nanoantennas in nanostructure-based terahertz metamaterials, and pave the way for nanoantenna-enhanced terahertz few-molecule spectroscopy and localized terahertz nonlinear optics

PHYTOPHENOLICS COMPOSITION, HYPOLIPIDEMIC, HYPOGLYCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF THE LEAVES OF FORTUNELLA JAPONICA (THUNB.) SWINGLE

Objective: Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle is an evergreen shrub, its whole fruit, including the peel, is eaten. There have been few detailed phytophenolics composition reports on this genus and the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the plant were not evaluated. Methods: Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis. Serum glucose level, activities of liver enzymes, total protein content, serum lipid profiles, antioxidant parameters and some glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were determined. The evaluation also carried out through determination of liver disorder biomarkers and histopathological examination of liver, kidney and pancreas. Results: Six phytophenolics were isolated, for the first time from the genus Fortunella as well as a sterol compound. Treatment with the ethanolic extract of F. japonica leaves effectively meliorated antioxidant markers and glycolytic enzymes. The histopathological analyzes also confirmed the experimental findings.Conclusion: The results show that the ethanolic extract has hypoglycemic, hypotriglyceridemic and antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats, suggesting that this extract supplementation can be useful in preventing diabetic complications associated with hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress.Â

Cationic Gemini Surfactants For Carbon Steel In Sea Water

Abstract Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel alloy in sea water by different synthesized gemini surfactants {12-2-12, 14-2-14 and 16-2-16} have been investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and surface tension measurements. The data obtained from all the used methods are in good agreement with each other and ensure the excellent inhibition efficiency of the tested surfactants for carbon steel in sea water. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the concentration of the studied inhibitors. Also, the adsorption ability of the surfactant molecules on carbon steel surface increases with the increase in the hydrocarbon chain length of the surfactant molecule from 12 to 16 and through 14 C atoms; meanwhile, the isotherm of 16-2-16 declares the formation of multilayer onto the used metal surface. The inhibitive action of the studied surfactants follows the order: 16-2-16 > 14-2-14> 12-2-12. The morphological changes of carbon steel surface were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM] ] and the study shows well inhibited surface on adding the cationic Gemini surfactants to the immersion solution . [Nessim I .M.; Hamdy A.; Osman M.M. and Shalaby M. N. Inhibitory Effect Of Som