The impact of acute lung injury, ECMO and transfusion on oxidative stress and plasma selenium levels in an ovine model

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of smoke induced acute lung. injury (S-ALI), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and transfusion on oxidative stress and plasma selenium levels. Forty ewes were divided into (i) healthy control (n = 4), (ii) S-ALI control (n = 7), (iii) ECMO control (n = 7), (iv) S-ALI + ECMO (n = 8) and (v) S-ALI + ECM + packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion (n = 14). Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), selenium and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were analysed at baseline, after smoke injury (or sham) and 0.25, 1, 2, 6, 7, 12 and 24 h after initiation of ECMO. Peak TBARS levels were similar across all groups. Plasma selenium decreased by 54% in S-ALI sheep (1.36 +/- 0.20 to 0.63 +/- 0.27 mu mol/L, p < 0.0001), and 72% in sheep with S-ALI + ECMO at 24 h (1.36 +/- 0.20 to 0.38 +/- 0.19, p < 0.0001). PRBC transfusion had no effect on TBARS, selenium levels or glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma. While ECMO independently increased TBARS in healthy sheep to levels which were similar to the S-ALI control, the addition of ECMO after S-ALI caused a negligible increase in TBARS. This suggests that the initial lung injury was the predominant feature in the TBARS response. In contrast, the addition of ECM in S-ALI sheep exacerbated reductions in plasma selenium beyond that of S-ALI or ECM alone. Clinical studies are needed to confirm the extent and duration of selenium loss associated with ECMO. Crown Copyright (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved

Використання м’якуша гарбуза у технології паштетних виробів та їх функціональні характеристики

One of the priorities of the modern meat industry is the production of products that have improved consumer properties. To accomplish this task, it is necessary to involve as much as possible in industrial circulation the local raw materials of plant origin, which will be an impetus for the production of new foods with functional properties. The article deals with the partial replacement of raw materials of animal origin with pumpkin pulp as a functional ingredient in the production of pâté products. We have developed three recipes for pumpkin paste. Changes in nutritional value of the developed samples were investigated. The organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value of pumpkin pate products were determined. The use of pumpkin pulp as a functional ingredient in the technology of pate products affects the appearance, the color of the products and the composition of these products, along with other technological indicators were within the regulatory requirements. Experimentally established, that increase in the proportion of pumpkin pulp has been found to lead to an increase in mineral content and a decrease in fat content. Improvements in the functional and technological properties of experimental pâté products based on the use of pumpkin pulp have been demonstrated. Established rational replacement level of basic raw materials, which is characteristic for recipes № 3. Pâté products using pumpkin pulp as a functional ingredient is a low-calorie products. The production of combined meat products does not require additional specialized equipment and is a potential source of expansion of the domestic range of functional products. Consumption of these products gives us every reason to believe their food with significant new functional properties that meet the requirements of modern food.Одним із пріоритетних завдань сучасного м’ясної галузі є випуск продукції, яка вирізняється покращеними споживними властивостями. Для виконання цього завдання необхідно максимально залучити в промисловий обіг місцеві сировинні ресурси рослинного походження, що стане поштовхом для виробництва нових функціональних продуктів харчування. У роботі висвітлені питання часткової заміни сировини тваринного походження на м’якуш гарбуза як функціонального інгредієнта при виробництві паштетних виробів. Розроблено три рецептури паштетних виробів із м’якушем гарбуза. Досліджено зміни харчової цінності розроблених зразків. Визначено органолептичні показники та харчову цінність паштетних виробів з м’якушем гарбуза. Застосування м’якуша гарбуза як функціонального інгредієнта в технології паштетних виробів впливає на зовнішній вигляд, колір продуктів, позначається на складі даної продукції, поряд із цим інші технологічні показники перебувають у межах нормативних вимог. Встановлено, що збільшення частки м’якуша гарбуза призводить до збільшення вмісту мінеральних речовин та зниження вмісту жиру. Доведено поліпшення функціонально-технологічних властивостей дослідних паштетних виробів на основі використання м’якуша гарбуза. Встановлено раціональний рівень заміни основної сировини, який характерний для рецептури № 3. Паштетні вироби із застосуванням м’якуша гарбуза як функціонального інгредієнта є продукцією низькокалорійною. Виробництво комбінованих м’ясних виробів не вимагає додаткового спеціалізованого обладнання та є потенційним джерелом розширення вітчизняного асортименту функціональних продуктів. Споживання таких виробів дає нам всі підстави вважати їх продуктами харчування з істотно новими функціональними властивостями, які відповідали б сучасним вимогам щодо харчування

The program "client's voice" as a tool of business structure innovations

© by the author(s). The purpose of this article is aimed at improvement of interaction between a customer and a manufacturer on the basis of quality management methods development in the business structure. The article demonstrates the quality functions' structuring of the final product based on the study of explicit and implicit needs of the client at the products' design stage or its updating. The basis of the presented paper is the ideas of total quality Management, principles of products quality continuous improvement, production losses reduce and lean manufacturing. The article presents the concept of information support of the program "client's voice", which includes the necessary knowledge and information sources, method of information preservation and use, method of information formalizing from the client. This article is intended for business leaders, top Managers, researchers, all who are involved in the process of development and quality control in business organizations

Comparison of UNet, ENet, and BoxENet for Segmentation of Mast Cells in Scans of Histological Slices

Deep neural networks show high accuracy in the problem of semantic and instance segmentation of biomedical data. However, this approach is computationally expensive. The computational cost may be reduced with network simplification after training or choosing the proper architecture, which provides segmentation with less accuracy but does it much faster. In the present study, we analyzed the accuracy and performance of UNet and ENet architectures for the problem of semantic image segmentation. In addition, we investigated the ENet architecture by replacing of some convolution layers with box-convolution layers. The analysis performed on the original dataset consisted of histology slices with mast cells. These cells provide a region for segmentation with different types of borders, which vary from clearly visible to ragged. ENet was less accurate than UNet by only about 1-2%, but ENet performance was 8-15 times faster than UNet one. © 2019 IEEE

Diffuse-Charge Dynamics in Electrochemical Systems

The response of a model micro-electrochemical system to a time-dependent applied voltage is analyzed. The article begins with a fresh historical review including electrochemistry, colloidal science, and microfluidics. The model problem consists of a symmetric binary electrolyte between parallel-plate, blocking electrodes which suddenly apply a voltage. Compact Stern layers on the electrodes are also taken into account. The Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations are first linearized and solved by Laplace transforms for small voltages, and numerical solutions are obtained for large voltages. The ``weakly nonlinear'' limit of thin double layers is then analyzed by matched asymptotic expansions in the small parameter $\epsilon = \lambda_D/L$, where $\lambda_D$ is the screening length and $L$ the electrode separation. At leading order, the system initially behaves like an RC circuit with a response time of $\lambda_D L / D$ (not $\lambda_D^2/D$), where $D$ is the ionic diffusivity, but nonlinearity violates this common picture and introduce multiple time scales. The charging process slows down, and neutral-salt adsorption by the diffuse part of the double layer couples to bulk diffusion at the time scale, $L^2/D$. In the ``strongly nonlinear'' regime (controlled by a dimensionless parameter resembling the Dukhin number), this effect produces bulk concentration gradients, and, at very large voltages, transient space charge. The article concludes with an overview of more general situations involving surface conduction, multi-component electrolytes, and Faradaic processes.Comment: 10 figs, 26 pages (double-column), 141 reference

Current State of the Issue of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Rostov Region

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is registered in various geographical regions of the Russian Federation and occupies one of the leading positions among natural-focal human diseases in Russia. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation on HFRS in the Rostov Region. Materials and methods. Laboratory diagnostics of field material (samples from wild rodents) for the presence of antigens of HFRS pathogens and screening of blood sera from donors, residents of the region, for the presence of class G antibodies to viruses that cause HFRS were carried out by enzyme immunoassay during 2020 and 2021. Results and discussion. Hantavirus antigens were identified in five administrative districts of the Region in 2020, infection with HFRS virus in small mouse-like rodents was 7.1 %. In 2021, spontaneous infection of carriers was detected in 2.8 % of the samples, found in four districts of the Region. The presence of the virus markers was recorded in populations of five species of mouse-like rodents: house mouse, wood mouse, common vole, small wood mouse, yellow-bellied mouse. Among healthy population, class G antibodies were registered in 6.8 % in the surveyed territories in 2020, and 4.5 % in 2021. Detection of virus markers in carriers and the presence of a natural immune layer of the population as regards HFRS agents suggest the existence of a natural HFRS focus in the Rostov Region

Study of ^194 Ir via thermal neutron capture and (d,p) reactions

Levels of ^194 Ir were studied using thermal neutron capture reaction. A pair spectrometer was used to measure the high-energy gamma-ray spectrum from thermal-neutron capture in enriched ^193 Ir target over the energy range 4640 - 6100 keV. The low-energy gamma-radiation from the reaction was studied with crystal diffraction spectrometers, and conversion electrons were observed with magnetic spectrometers. The high-sensitivity measurements at the Grenoble reactor, evaluated for transition energies up to 500 keV, are compared with lower-sensitivity measurements at the Wuerenlingen and Salaspils reactors. The comparison helped to obtain reliable isotopic identification for a number of ^194 Ir lines. The multipolarity admixtures for 29 gamma-transitions were determined on the basis of conversion lines from different electron subshells. Prompt and delayed gamma-gamma coincidences were measured using semiconductor and scintillation detectors. The ^193 Ir(d,p) high-resolution spectra, observed with a magnetic spectrometer, are given. All these data contributed to establishing a detailed level scheme of ^194 Ir. Additional data and the interpretation of the results in terms of current models will be presented in a forthcoming paper

Effect of prior treatments on selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in previously treated multiple myeloma

Therapeutic regimens for previously treated multiple myeloma (MM) may not provide prolonged disease control and are often complicated by significant adverse events, including peripheral neuropathy. In patients with previously treated MM in the Phase 3 BOSTON study, once weekly selinexor, once weekly bortezomib, and 40&nbsp;mg dexamethasone (XVd) demonstrated a significantly longer median progression-free survival (PFS), higher response rates, deeper responses, a trend to improved survival, and reduced incidence and severity of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy when compared with standard twice weekly bortezomib and 80&nbsp;mg dexamethasone (Vd). The pre-specified analyses described here evaluated the influence of the number of prior lines of therapy, prior treatment with lenalidomide, prior proteasome inhibitor (PI) therapy, prior immunomodulatory drug therapy, and prior autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) on the efficacy and safety of XVd compared with Vd. In this 1:1 randomized study, enrolled patients were assigned to receive once weekly oral selinexor (100&nbsp;mg) with once weekly subcutaneous bortezomib (1.3&nbsp;mg/m2) and 40&nbsp;mg per week dexamethasone (XVd) versus standard twice weekly bortezomib and 80&nbsp;mg per week dexamethasone (Vd). XVd significantly improved PFS, overall response rate, time-to-next-treatment, and showed reduced all grade and grade ≥ 2 peripheral neuropathy compared with Vd regardless of prior treatments, but the benefits of XVd over Vd were more pronounced in patients treated earlier in their disease course who had either received only one prior therapy, had never been treated with a PI, or had prior ASCT. Treatment with XVd improved outcomes as compared to Vd regardless of prior therapies as well as manageable and generally reversible adverse events. XVd was associated with clinical benefit and reduced peripheral neuropathy compared to standard Vd in previously treated MM. These results suggest that the once weekly XVd regimen may be optimally administered to patients earlier in their course of disease, as their first bortezomib-containing regimen, and in those relapsing after ASCT. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03110562). Registered 12 April 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03110562