HPLC ANALYSIS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES STUDIES OF TRUNK BARKS OF ACACIA NILOTICA VAR ADANSONII (GUILL AND PERR) O KTZE (MIMOSACEAE)

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract and fractions of the trunk bark of Acacia nilotica. Methods: A maceration of the powder of the trunks barks of the plant was realized. Then the aqueous macerate obtained was fractionated with dichloromethane, butanol and ethyl acetate successively. The phenolic compounds of the aqueous extract, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were identified by HPLC/DAD. Lipoxygenase and phospholipase inhibition tests with the aqueous extract and the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were carried out. The anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous extract was assessed in vivo by the anti-edema test with carrageenan and the analgesic test with acetic acid at different doses (200 mg/ml; 400 mg/ml; 600 mg/ml). Aspirin (200 mg/ml) and paracetamol (200 mg/ml) were used as a reference. Results: The HPLC/DAD analysis of the extracts revealed that gallic acid is the most abundant phenol acid in the extracts. The aqueous extract inhibited lipoxygenase (IC50 = 18.32±1.18 μg/ml), phospholipase (11.44±0.32% per 100 μg/ml) and cyclooxygenase (56.48±0.29% for 100 μg/ml) as well as its tested fractions. It also reduced edema and pain in the mice by more than 50% from the 400 mg/ml dose. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica has anti-inflammatory properties. Hence its use in traditional medicine in the treatment of inflammation

ACUTE TOXICITY AND VASCULAR PROPERTIES OF SEED OF PARKIA BIGLOBOSA (JACQ) R. BR GIFT (MIMOSACEAE) ON RAT AORTA.

The authors report here the results of study on Parkia biglobosa seeds used in Burkina Faso for arterial hypertension treatment. Investigations were done on acute toxicity and vascular properties of fermented and roasted seeds. Acute toxicity test using mice, revealed by the intraperitoneal route a lethal dose 50 (LD50) of 1800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg of body weight for aqueous extract from roasted and fermented seeds respectively. According to the scale of Hodge and Sterner and that of the World Health Organization, such drugs would be classified lightly toxic. Oral administration (up to 3000 mg/kg) did not induce any death of animal. For the vascular properties, the effects of these products were tested on the aorta isolated from rats. The cumulative administration of extract from roasted and fermented seeds (0.1-10 mg/mL) in an organ bath induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the aorta pre contracted by phenylephrine, with or without functional endothelium. The extracts (10 mg/mL) inhibited for 100% the contraction induced by phenylephrine. The EC50 values in presence and absence of endothelium were respectively of 5.37 ± 0.12 and 4.19 ± 1.02 mg/mL for fermented seeds; for roasted seeds these values were respectively, 5.39 ± 1.12 and 5.93 ± 0.95 mg/mL. Nevertheless, low concentration of roasted seeds (1-4 mg/mL) induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and this effect was inhibited by indomethacin (10-5M), and not by L-NAME (310-4M). These experimental results revealed a vasorelaxant effect of P. biglobosa seeds. P. biglobosa seems to act directly on the smooth muscle and via endothelium involving the generation of vasodilatating prostaglandins. This vasodilator effect would be in favor of an anti hypertensive property of P. biglobosa seeds

P37- Induction de la parapoptose par les extraits de E. senegalensis sur des cellules cancéreuses multirésistantes à l’apoptose

Introduction : La majorité des médicaments anticancéreux actuels sont pro-apoptotiques alors que dans les cancers l’apoptose est dérégulée ou inhibée expliquant en partie leur inefficacité.  C’est pourquoi, trouver des médicaments d’origine végétale activant des types de mort cellulaire autres que l’apoptose pourrait constituer une alternative prometteuse. Le présent travail vise à démontrer les propriétés anticancéreuses des extraits de Erythrina senegalensis, une plante médicinale africaine utilisée dans le traitement des infections, de l’inflammation, de la douleur, de l’asthénie et des fibromes Matériels et méthodes : L’effet cytotoxique des extraits d’écorce de tronc au dichlorométhane, au dichlorométhane / méthanol (1 :1) et au méthanol a été évalué via le test MTT et la vidéomicroscopie quantitative (VMQ). L’apoptose et de la cinétique du cycle cellulaire ont été étudiées via la technique TUNEL/PI. Les marqueurs fluorescents (acridine orange, LysoTracker, MitoTracker et ER-Tracker) ont permis de caractériser l’origine de la vacuolisation cytoplasmique. Résultats : Les extraits testés étaient cytotoxiques. La VMQ et le TUNEL/PI ont révélé une mort cellulaire non-apoptotique ni autophagique (LysoTracker (-)). La vacuolisation du cytoplasme provenait du réticulum endoplasmique (ERTracker (+)) avec gonflement de mitochondrie (MitoTracker (+)), marqueurs de la parapoptose. Conclusion : E. senegalensis induit la parapoptose sur des cellules cancéreuses multirésistantes à l’apoptose

Use of an Amoeba proteus model for in vitro cytotoxicity testing in phytochemical research. Application to Euphorbia hirta extracts.

Amoeba proteus is proposed as a low-cost multi-purpose biochemical tool for screening and standardizing cytotoxic plant extracts with possible application in the laboratories of developing countries. Advantages and limitations of this test are examined and different mathematical treatments (probit analysis versus curve fitting to Von Bertalanffy and Hill functions) are investigated. Known anti-cancer (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dacarbazine, 5-fluorouracil) and antiparasitic (emetine, dehydroemetine, metronidazole, cucurbitine, chloroquine) drugs were tested using this method and only metronidazole appeared inactive. Application of this model to Euphorbia hirta established that a 100 degrees C aqueous extraction of fresh aerial parts allows efficient extraction of active constituents and that drying the plant material before extraction considerably reduces activity.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

In vitro impact of five pesticides alone or in combination on human intestinal cell line Caco-2

AbstractIn Burkina Faso, as in most Sahelian countries, the failure to follow good agricultural practices coupled with poor soil and climate conditions in the locust control context lead to high environmental contaminations with pesticide residues. Thus, consumers being orally exposed to a combination of multiple pesticide residues through food and water intake, the digestive tract is a tissue susceptible to be directly exposed to these food contaminants. The aim of our work was to compare in vitro the impact of five desert locust control pesticides (Deltamethrin DTM, Fenitrothion FNT, Fipronil FPN, Lambda-cyalothrine LCT, and Teflubenzuron TBZ) alone and in combination on the human intestinal Caco-2 cells viability and function. Cells were exposed to 0.1–100 μM pesticides for 10 days alone or in mixture (MIX). Our results showed a cytotoxic effect of DTM, FNT, FPN, LCT, and TBZ alone or in combination in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The most efficient were shown to be FPN and FNT impacting the cell layer integrity and/or barrier function, ALP activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, Akt activation, and apoptosis. The presence of antioxidant reduced lipid peroxidation level and attenuated the pesticides-induced cell toxicity, suggesting that key mechanism of pesticides cytotoxicity may be linked to their pro-oxidative potential. A comparative analysis with the predicted cytotoxic effect of pesticides mixture using mathematical modeling shown that the combination of these pesticides led to synergistic effects rather than to a simple independent or dose addition effect

AM1 and electron impact mass spectrometry study of the fragmentation of 4-acyl isochroman-1,3-diones

Recently, in electron impact mass spectrometry (EIMS), it has been found a good correlation between the fragmentation processes of coumarins and the electronic charges of the atoms of their skeleton. In this paper, the same analytical method has been applied to 4-acyl isochroman-1,3-diones, whose mass spectra had been studied earlier and described for the very first time from our laboratory. Results obtained are in good agreement with the last study.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v26i2.1

Research Paper - PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS FOR THE RELAXANT EFFECT OF THE HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF TAPINANTHUS DODONEIFOLIUS ON RAT TRACHEA

The present study was designed to investigate the blocking of calcium by the hydroalcoholic extract of Tapinanthus dodoneifolius (Tapidod), "in vitro" on rat trachea. To evaluate this effect, the contractile activity of tracheal chains from Wistar Kyoto rats was isometrically recorded. On the isolated tracheal rings the extract produced the following effects: (a) a reduction of the contraction obtained by BaCl2, (b) a bronchorelaxing action, on strips precontracted by KCl, which was not influenced by TEA (3x10-3 M), (c) a concentration-dependent decrease of the spasm evoked by calcium chloride (CaCl2) in K+-rich Ca2+-free physiological salt solution, before and after intracellular calcium depletion (d), an inhibitory effect on contraction induced by acetylcholine in Ca2+-free Krebs-Heinseleit solution supplemented with EDTA (5x10-4M). It is concluded that: 1. The activation of the potassium channels does not play a significant role in the relaxant effect of Tapidod. 2. The antispasmodic property of Tapidod seems to be mediated by the blockade of intracellular Ca2+ release. 3. Most likely an inhibition of the intracellular Ca2+-regulating proteins is involved