Model for integrating monetary and fiscal policies to stimulate economic growth and sustainable debt dynamics

This article examines the main integration trends of the state's monetary and fiscal policy in influencing economic growth and maintaining the sustainability of public debt. It is argued that the relationship between these trends of macroeconomic regulation is predetermined, on the one hand, by the potentially negative impact of fiscal expansion from the point of view of inflation, and by the negative impact of a likely state default in failing to refinance the debt from the Ministry of Finance, on the other hand. The paper studies the selected array of statistical data using the fiscal policy multipliers concept, the relationship between the effect of increase/decrease in budget expenditures, the slowdown in economic activity and the efforts by the Central Bank to offset fiscal measures, on the one hand, and the ratio of an increase/decrease in budget revenues and debt expenditures used to finance the budget investments, on the other hand. It is revealed that the investments are effective if implementing budget expenditures in the presence of the GDP gap and unrealized expectations of economic agents, while reducing spending in such a situation will intensify the recession. The GDP growth determined by these investments should provide the tax effect sufficient to cover the expenses. Otherwise, there can be negative effects of debt that establishes the need for measures to refinance public debt by the Central Bank. The conclusions of the paper can be used to assess the possible integration of monetary and fiscal policy based on various states.peer-reviewe

The country's economic growth models and the potential for budgetary, monetary and private financing of gross domestic product growth

This article examines the financing of GDP growth within the framework of catch-up, evolutionary and dynamic models of economic development. Methods/statistical analysis: using the principles of the Solow model and the Cobb-Douglas function, an analysis of the nature of the models has been carried out, considering the processes of capital accumulation, the rate of growth of the workforce, and various aggregate factor productivities. With the help of historical logic and statistical evaluation, examples of countries relating to each of the models examined are reviewed. Based on the analysis, the main ways of financing economic growth are noted: both the state ones, due to budgetary and monetary policy measures, and private ones. It has been proven that with the transition from catch-up to an evolutionary or dynamic model, the role of the state as a centralizing force is diminishing. At the same time, the specificity of a dynamic model is due to the country's objective ability to be among the technological leaders, which is predetermined by the high values of current GDP, per capita GDP, and population size. Countries with an evolutionary model of development are constrained in their ability to maintain a comparable pace of development only within separate "growth points". The main result of the work is the assessment of Russia's potential from the viewpoint of one of the models considered, based on a comparative analysis of several capital indicators, as well as a logical analysis of data on the level of GDP and population with other countries. This makes it possible to make recommendations for financing the country's GDP growth in the medium to long term. Scope/Improvements: The findings can be used in the development of Russia's financial and economic strategy up to 2030.peer-reviewe

Production of {\pi}+ and K+ mesons in argon-nucleus interactions at 3.2 AGeV

First physics results of the BM@N experiment at the Nuclotron/NICA complex are presented on {\pi}+ and K+ meson production in interactions of an argon beam with fixed targets of C, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb at 3.2 AGeV. Transverse momentum distributions, rapidity spectra and multiplicities of {\pi}+ and K+ mesons are measured. The results are compared with predictions of theoretical models and with other measurements at lower energies.Comment: 29 pages, 20 figure

Orientation dependence of confinement-deconfinement phase transition in anisotropic media

We study the T-μ phase diagram of anisotropic media, created in heavy-ion collisions (HIC). Such a statement of the problem is due to several indications that this media is anisotropic just after HIC. To study T-μ phase diagram we use holographic methods. To take into account the anisotropy we use an anisotropic black brane solutions for a bottom-up QCD approach in 5-dim Einstein-dilaton-two-Maxwell model constructed in our previous work. We calculate the minimal surfaces of the corresponding probing open string world-sheet in anisotropic backgrounds with various temperatures and chemical potentials. The dynamical wall (DW) locations, providing the quark confinement, depend on the orientation of the quark pairs, that gives a crossover transition between confinement/deconfinement phases in the dual gauge theory. © 2019 The Author(s

Impact of the Mode of Delivery on Gastroschisis Anatomical Features in the Newborn Children

Introduction. The mode of delivery for gravidas with fetuses with GS plays an important role among the factors influencing the results of gastroschisis (GS) treatment. More researchers come to univocal conclusion that elective and early cesarean section has positive impact on elimination (prevention) of GS complications compared to previous experience in natural deliveries in term. However, the impact of the mode of delivery to anatomical features of GS remains still not investigated.The objective of the research was to determine the impact of the delivery mode on anatomical characteristics of newborn children with GS.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 100 patients’ case histories was conducted. Infants were born naturally or via C-section during the period from 1987 to 2015. All newborns were divided into 3 clinical groups according to prenatal diagnosis, mode of delivery, transportation, place and term of surgical treatment of GS.Results. Localization of penetration defect of anterior abdominal wall (AAW) remains constant and typical for GS in every clinical group; therefore the mode of delivery did not have any impact upon the localization of defects in case of this malformation. The size of the penetration defect was significantly smaller in children after C-section than those born via vaginal deliveries. Thus, in Group I (children born via C-section) the defects sizes were 3.15 ± 0.09 cm, while in Groups II and III (after vaginal deliveries) the sizes were 4.17 ± 0.3 cm, p<0.01, and 4.7 ± 0.29 cm, p<0.01, respectively. The eventration rate of retroperitoneal organs (pancreas and duodenum) was significantly higher in children with GS born via natural mode of delivery (II and III clinical group) than in neonates born via C-section (I clinical group), constituting 56.0% and 63.3% to 25.0%, respectively, with p<0.01.Conclusions. The mode of delivery (C-section or vaginal) has impact on anatomical features of GS in the newborns. The size of AAW defect is significantly greater in children with GS born vaginally than in infants born via C-section and eventeration rate of retroperitoneal organs (pancreas and duodenum) is higher

Cystic Duplication of Ileum Causing Intestinal Obstruction in a Newborn Child

Intestinal cystic duplication is rather rare vital abnormality manifesting in several clinical presentations. Clinical case of successful treatment of ileal cystic duplication is described. It manifested in low intestinal obstruction in a newborn child

Успішна етапна хірургічна корекція природженої правобічної діафрагмальної грижі, ускладненої баротравмою гіпоплазованих легень, і обструкції дванадцятипалої кишки в недоношеної новонародженої дитини

Clinical case of successful surgical treatment of the right congenital diaphragmatic hernia and duodenal obstruction in premature neonate. Pre-op period wascomplicated by barotrauma of severely hypoplastic lungs and pulmonary hypertension, with restored fetal circulation and right-to-left shunting through patientductus arteriosus. The consequences of barotrauma were repaired by chest drainage. Patient was stabilized by 22nd day of life (high-frequency oscillatoryventilation, infusion of sympathomimetics, bicarbonates, etc.). Surgical repair of the right congenital diaphragmatic hernia was performed on the 23rd day oflife. Duodenal obstruction was diagnosed in the post-op period, and was surgically corrected on the 45th day of life.Key words: right congenital diaphragmatic hernia, lung hypoplasia, barotrauma, duodenal obstruction, premature neonate.Представлен клинический случай успешного этапного хирургического лечения врожденной правосторонней диафрагмальной грыжи и обструкциидвенадцатиперстной кишки у недоношенного новорожденного ребенка. Предоперационный период был осложнен баротравмой на фоне выражен-ной гипоплазии обеих легких и легочной гипертензии с восстановленным фетальным типом кровообращения и шунтированием крови справа нале-во через открытый артериальный проток. Последствия баротравмы ликвидированы дренированием плевральной полости. Состояние пациента ста-билизировано в течение 22 суток (высокочастотная осциляторная вентиляция легких, инфузия симпатомиметиков, соды и т.д.). Хирургическая кор-рекция правосторонней врожденной диафрагмальной грыжи выполнена на 23-и сутки. Дуоденальная непроходимость выявлена в послеоперацион-ном периоде. Хирургическая коррекция обструкции двенадцатиперстной кишки проведена на 45-е сутки жизни.Ключевые слова: врожденная правосторонняя диафрагмальная грыжа, гипоплазия легких, баротравма, обструкция двенадцатиперстной кишки,недоношенный новорожденный ребенок.Наведено клінічний випадок успішного етапного хірургічного лікування природженої правобічної діафрагмальної грижі й обструкції дванадцятипалоїкишки в недоношеної новонародженої дитини. Передопераційний період ускладнений баротравмою на тлі вираженої гіпоплазії обох легень ілегеневої гіпертензії з відновленням фетального типу кровообігу й шунтуванням крові справа наліво через відкриту артеріальну протоку. Наслідкибаротравми ліквідовані дренуванням плевральної порожнини. Стан пацієнта стабілізований протягом 22 діб (високочастотна осциляторна вентиляціялегень, інфузія симпатоміметиків, соди тощо). Хірургічна корекція правобічної діафрагмальної грижі виконана на 23-тю добу. Дуоденальнанепрохідність виявлена в післяопераційному періоді. Хірургічна корекція обструкції дванадцятипалої кишки проведена на 45-ту добу життя.Ключові слова: природжена правобічна діафрагмальна грижа, гіпоплазія легень, баротравма, обструкція дванадцятипалої кишки, недоношенановонароджена дитина

Unperturbed inverse kinematics nucleon knockout measurements with a carbon beam

From superconductors to atomic nuclei, strongly-interacting many-body systems are ubiquitous in nature. Measuring the microscopic structure of such systems is a formidable challenge, often met by particle knockout scattering experiments. While such measurements are fundamental for mapping the structure of atomic nuclei, their interpretation is often challenged by quantum mechanical initial- and final-state interactions (ISI/FSI) of the incoming and scattered particles. Here we overcome this fundamental limitation by measuring the quasi-free scattering of 48 GeV/c 12C ions from hydrogen. The distribution of single protons is studied by detecting two protons at large angles in coincidence with an intact 11B nucleus. The 11B detection is shown to select the transparent part of the reaction and exclude the otherwise large ISI/FSI that would break the 11B apart. By further detecting residual 10B and 10Be nuclei, we also identified short-range correlated (SRC) nucleon-nucleon pairs, and provide direct experimental evidence for the separation of the pair wave-function from that of the residual many-body nuclear system. All measured reactions are well described by theoretical calculations that do not contain ISI/FSI distortions. Our results thus showcase a new ability to study the short-distance structure of short-lived radioactive atomic nuclei at the forthcoming FAIR and FRIB facilities. These studies will be pivotal for developing a ground-breaking microscopic understanding of the structure and properties of nuclei far from stability and the formation of visible matter in the universe.Comment: Accepted for publication in Nature Physics. 28 pages, 19 figures, and 1 table including main text, Methods, and Supplementary material