5,189 research outputs found
Selecting children for head CT following head injury
OBJECTIVE: Indicators for head CT scan defined by the 2007 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines were analysed to identify CT uptake, influential variables and yield. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Hospital inpatient units: England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Channel Islands. PATIENTS: Children (3â
years were much more likely to have CT than those <3â
years (OR 2.35 (95% CI 2.08 to 2.65)). CONCLUSION: Compliance with guidelines and diagnostic yield was variable across age groups, the type of hospital and region where children were admitted. With this pattern of clinical practice the risks of both missing intracranial injury and overuse of CT are considerable
A comparison of angina symptoms reported by clinicians and patients, pre and post revascularisation: Insights from the Stent or Surgery Trial
Relative fitness contribution of BoLA alleles in T.parva immune cattle: Interface with parasite genetic diversity
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High-resolution provenance of desert dust deposited on Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus in 2009â2012 using snow pit and firn core records
The ïŹrst record of dust deposition events on
Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus Mountains derived from a snow pit
and a shallow ïŹrn core is presented for the 2009â2012 period. A combination of isotopic analysis, SEVIRI red-greenblue composite imagery, MODIS atmospheric optical depth
ïŹelds derived using the Deep Blue algorithm, air mass trajectories derived using the HYSPLIT model and analyses of
meteorological data enabled identiïŹcation of dust source regions with high temporal (hours) and spatial (ca. 20â100 km)
resolution. Seventeen dust deposition events were detected;
fourteen occurred in MarchâJune, one in February and two
in October. Four events originated in the Sahara, predominantly in northeastern Libya and eastern Algeria. Thirteen
events originated in the Middle East, in the Syrian Desert
and northern Mesopotamia, from a mixture of natural and
anthropogenic sources. Dust transportation from Sahara was
associated with vigorous Saharan depressions, strong surface
winds in the source region and mid-tropospheric southwesterly ïŹow with daily winds speeds of 20â30 m sâ1
at 700 hPa
level. Although these events were less frequent than those
originating in the Middle East, they resulted in higher dust
concentrations in snow. Dust transportation from the Middle
East was associated with weaker depressions forming over
the source region, high pressure centred over or extending towards the Caspian Sea and a weaker southerly or southeasterly ïŹow towards the Caucasus Mountains with daily wind
speeds of 12â18 m sâ1
at 700 hPa level. Higher concentrations of nitrates and ammonium characterised dust from the
Middle East deposited on Mt. Elbrus in 2009 indicating contribution of anthropogenic sources. The modal values of particle size distributions ranged between 1.98 ”m and 4.16 ”m.
Most samples were characterised by modal values of 2.0â
2.8 ”m with an average of 2.6 ”m and there was no signiïŹ-
cant difference between dust from the Sahara and the Middle
East
Employee benefits and challenges of telecommuting virtual working arrangements in the services industry
M. Comm.Virtual working arrangements, including telecommuting, are on the increase globally due to the challenges that organisations face in the current global economy. Virtual working arrangements present considerable possible benefits to organisations, employees and the community at large if correctly implemented. It is estimated that 45 million Americans teleworked in 2006 alone (OâBrien & Hayden, 2007) with predictions of the number reaching 100 million in the United States of America by 2010 (Wilsker, 2008). However, in South Africa this organisational form is not well documented or implemented presently. As a result, local organisations are unaware of the employee benefits and challenges that will be faced when implementing a telecommuting programme and how best to implement teleworking arrangements with these factors in mind
Feed Planning - Methods Used by âExpertâ Farmers
Although formal feed planning has been heavily promoted in New Zealand, relatively few farmers have adopted this approach (Nuthall & Bishop-Hurley, 1999). Reasons for non-adoption have been identified, but little is known about how farmers manage their pastoral farms in the absence of formal feed planning. To this end, the feed management processes used by three successful (expert) farmers were investigated
Management of Pasture Quality for Sheep on New Zealand Hill Country
The control of pasture quality over spring is central to the achievement of high levels of sheep performance on hill country. Despite this, with the exception of the work of Lambert et al. (2000), little is known about how farmers actually manage pasture quality. The purpose of this research was to describe how a high performing hill country farmer manages pasture quality on their sheep area over spring and from this develop a framework that will assist other farmers improve their pasture management
Reconstruction of metabolic networks from high-throughput metabolite profiling data: in silico analysis of red blood cell metabolism
We investigate the ability of algorithms developed for reverse engineering of
transcriptional regulatory networks to reconstruct metabolic networks from
high-throughput metabolite profiling data. For this, we generate synthetic
metabolic profiles for benchmarking purposes based on a well-established model
for red blood cell metabolism. A variety of data sets is generated, accounting
for different properties of real metabolic networks, such as experimental
noise, metabolite correlations, and temporal dynamics. These data sets are made
available online. We apply ARACNE, a mainstream transcriptional networks
reverse engineering algorithm, to these data sets and observe performance
comparable to that obtained in the transcriptional domain, for which the
algorithm was originally designed.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures. Presented at the DIMACS Workshop on Dialogue on
Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods (DREAM), Sep 200
Perceived importance of components of asynchronous music in circuit training
This study examined regular exercisersâ perceptions of specific components of music
during circuit training. Twenty-four men (38.8 years, s = 11.8 years) and 31 women
(32.4 years, s = 9.6 years) completed two questionnaires immediately after a circuit
training class. Participants rated the importance of 13 components of music (rhythm,
melody, etc.) in relation to exercise enjoyment, and each completed the Affect Intensity
Measure (Larsen, 1984) to measure emotional reactivity. Independent t tests were used
to evaluate gender differences in perceptions of musical importance. Pearson
correlations were computed to evaluate the relationships between affect intensity, age
and importance of musical components. Consistent with previous research and
theoretical predictions, rhythm response components (rhythm, tempo, beat) were rated
as most important. Women rated the importance of melody significantly higher than did
men, while men gave more importance to music associated with sport. Affect intensity
was found to be positively and significantly related to the perceived importance of
melody, lyrical content, musical style, personal associations and emotional content.
Results suggest that exercise leaders need to be sensitive to personal factors when
choosing music to accompany exercise. Qualitative research that focuses on the
personal meaning of music is encouraged
Community composition of epibenthic megafauna on the West Greenland Shelf
Epibenthic organisms are a critical component of the marine environment, functioning as ecosystem engineers, habitat and food for other organisms. Our knowledge of the diversity, complexity and sensitivities of these habitats is limited, particularly at higher latitudes and greater depths. The West Coast of Greenland is the site of a commercially important shrimp trawl fishery, but there are few published records describing the benthic community structure of the region. Here we report results from benthic camera surveys conducted at 119 sites, over 3 years, spanning 1400 km of the West Greenland continental shelf (61â725 m depth). A total of 29 classes of epibenthic taxa were identified from the images. There are significant differences of composition and diversity in sites with hard and soft substrate. Hard-substrate communities are relatively diverse with higher abundances and are characterised by sessile, attached groups such as Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, Bryozoa and Porifera. Soft-sediment sites are less diverse and dominated by Polychaeta and have specialist Malacostraca such as the commercially exploited shrimp, Pandalus borealis. Distribution patterns and variation in epibenthic megafauna are related to substrate and the environmental parameters depth, temperature and current speed. This study represents the first quantitative characterisation of epibenthic megafaunal assemblages on the West Greenland continental shelf. These data constitute an important baseline, albeit in a region heavily impacted by trawl fisheries, and demonstrate the utility of benthic photography for examining and monitoring seabed diversity and change
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