208 research outputs found
THE DISEASES AND PESTS CONTROL IN THE FARMING CULTURES, USING BIOPRODUCTS
The making of a performant agriculture is influenced among other things by the applicative working technologies, the phyto-sanitary protection having an important role within these technologies.The current research and studies concerning the methods and equipments of applying of phyto-sanitary treatments, are enrolled in the new trends for applying a long lasting agriculture; the phyto-sanitary protection represents one of the main sources of the environment poluation resources.In the first part of the work is presented a syntesis of the aspects concerning the impact of the phytosanitary treatments used in agriculture upon environment, the methods used these days for diseases and pests control and the future trends with referrence to the technologies and products used in the agricultural ecological practice and at the end are presented products already used or being at the begining using phase
First Case Report of a Late Onset Knee Periprosthetic Joint Infection Caused by Lactococcus garvieae
Lactococcus garvieae is known as a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, and facultatively anaerobic fish pathogen. The association between Lactococcus spp. and human infectious diseases is described as being mainly associated with lumbar osteomyelitis, hepatic abscess, and infective endocarditis. In the literature of orthopedic post-prosthetic infections, L. garvieae was associated with a case of hip prosthetic infection in a fishmonger woman. We present the case of a 79-year-old male patient with multiple comorbidities, who is admitted to our center with a 5-day history of pain, swelling, and motility disorder of the right knee by the presence of a bicondylar knee replacement surgery, which was performed due to gonarthrosis 17 years ago. The radiographies of the right knee revealed no signs of displacement or loosening of the prothesis. After multiple radical debridements including VAC therapy and targeted antibiotic therapy we have managed to defeat the infection without exchange arthroplasty. Although we could not demonstrate the source of infection, we can only presume that in our case the source of infection was represented by the ingestion of possibly contaminated food. The patient had a habit of eating Nile perch fish (Lates niloticus) every 4 weeks. We illustrated once more the possibility of a late onset L. garvieae related orthopedic periprosthetic joint infection by multiple comorbidities
CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR DOSING, WEIGHING, PACKAGING AND PROCEDURES USED IN MILLING UNITS
The paper presents several types of technical equipment for dosing, weighing, packaging and the procedures used in the milling units. The weighing systems take into account several important criteria for their design, namely: how the weight or mass of the load is offset and how the result is transferred
Lessons learned from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV : FDA-approved Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 inhibitors may help us combat SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging infectious disease, which originated from Wuhan in the Hubei province of China in late December 2019 [1]. Since then, it has rapidly spread all over the world, and at the time of writing this letter, WHO statistics show more than 1,696,588 cases and 105,952 deaths confirmed across the world [2]. Although there is no specific therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection [3], combination therapy with antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs accompanied by supportive treatment have been used for SARS-CoV-2 patients [4]. The combination of well-known HIV protease inhibitors, such as ritonavir with lopinavir, has also been a common approach to treat SARS-CoV-2. Insufficient outcome in severe cases is, however, one of the main challenges associated with the current antiviral-based therapy for SARS-CoV-2 [5]. In view of the long period required for novel drug discovery and the desperate need for a prompt response to this pandemic infection, one must resort to repurposing FDA-approved drugs. In this direction, our experience with other close members of coronaviruses such as SARS and MERS has taught us that repurposing the current drugs is a reasonable strategy.
Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (Abl2), the imatinib target, was required for efficient SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV replication in vitro [6]. Coleman et al. have shown that the imatinib target Abl2 is indispensable for efficient replication of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in vitro
Thymosin β4 is essential for thrombus formation by controlling the G-actin/F-actin equilibrium in platelets
Coordinated rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton are pivotal for platelet biogenesis from megakaryocytes but also orchestrate key functions of peripheral platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis, such as granule release, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia, or clot retraction. Along with profilin (Pfn) 1, thymosin β4 (encoded by Tmsb4x) is one of the two main G-actin-sequestering proteins within cells of higher eukaryotes, and its intracellular concentration is particularly high in cells that rapidly respond to external signals by increased motility, such as platelets. Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function. Thymosin β4 deficiency resulted in a macrothrombocytopenia with only mildly increased platelet volume and an unaltered platelet life span. Megakaryocyte numbers in the bone marrow and spleen were unaltered, however, Tmsb4x KO megakaryocytes showed defective proplatelet formation in vitro and in vivo. Thymosin β4-deficient platelets displayed markedly decreased G-actin levels and concomitantly increased F-actin levels resulting in accelerated spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction. Moreover, Tmsb4x KO platelets showed activation defects and an impaired immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling downstream of the activating collagen receptor glycoprotein VI. These defects translated into impaired aggregate formation under flow, protection from occlusive arterial thrombus formation in vivo and increased tail bleeding times. In summary, these findings point to a critical role of thymosin β4 for actin dynamics during platelet biogenesis, platelet activation downstream of glycoprotein VI and thrombus stability
Apple polyphenols in human and animal health*
Apples contain substantial amounts of polyphenols, and diverse phenolics mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been identified in their flesh and skins. This work aimed to analyze the overall landscape of the research literature published to date on apple phenolic compounds in the context of human and animal health. The Web of Science Core Collection electronic database was queried with (apple* polyphenol*) AND (health* OR illness* OR disease* OR medic* OR pharma*) to identify relevant papers covering these words and their derivatives in the titles, abstracts, and keywords. The resulted 890 papers were bibliometrically analyzed. The VOSviewer software was utilized to produce term maps that illustrate how the frequent phrases fared in terms of publication and citation data. The apple polyphenol papers received global contributions, particularly from China, Italy, the United States, Spain, and Germany. Examples of frequently mentioned chemicals/chemical classes are quercetin, anthocyanin, catechin, epicatechin, and flavonol, while examples of frequently mentioned medical conditions are cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimers disease, and obesity. The potential health benefits of apple polyphenols on humans and animals are diverse and warrant further study.Authors acknowledge the support from The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) of Poland (project number POIR.01.01.01-00-0593/18).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Deregulated expression of TANK in glioblastomas triggers pro-tumorigenic ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways
Signal transmission by the noncanonical IkappaB kinases (IKKs), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IKKɛ, requires interaction with adapter proteins such as TRAF associated NF-κB activator (TANK). Although increased expression or dysregulation of both kinases has been described for a variety of human cancers, this study shows that deregulated expression of the TANK protein is frequently occurring in glioblastomas (GBMs). The functional relevance of TANK was analyzed in a panel of GBM-derived cell lines and revealed that knockdown of TANK arrests cells in the S-phase and prohibits tumor cell migration. Deregulated TANK expression affects several signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and the inflammatory response. Interference with stoichiometrically assembled signaling complexes by overexpression or silencing of TANK prevented constitutive interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation. Knockdown of TANK frequently prevents constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). TANK-mediated ERK1/2 activation is independent from the canonical MAP kinase or ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2-mediated pathway and utilizes an alternative pathway that uses a TBK1/IKKɛ/Akt signaling axis, thus identifying a novel pathway suitable to block constitutive ERK1/2 activity.Peer reviewe
The role of heterodimerization between VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in the regulation of endothelial cell homeostasis
VEGF-A activity is tightly regulated by ligand and receptor availability. Here we investigate the physiological function of heterodimers between VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1; Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR; Flk-1) (VEGFR(1-2)) in endothelial cells with a synthetic ligand that binds specifically to VEGFR(1-2). The dimeric ligand comprises one VEGFR-2-specific monomer (VEGF-E) and a VEGFR-1-specific monomer (PlGF-1). Here we show that VEGFR(1-2) activation mediates VEGFR phosphorylation, endothelial cell migration, sustained in vitro tube formation and vasorelaxation via the nitric oxide pathway. VEGFR(1-2) activation does not mediate proliferation or elicit endothelial tissue factor production, confirming that these functions are controlled by VEGFR-2 homodimers. We further demonstrate that activation of VEGFR(1-2) inhibits VEGF-A-induced prostacyclin release, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase and mobilization of intracellular calcium from primary endothelial cells. These findings indicate that VEGFR-1 subunits modulate VEGF activity predominantly by forming heterodimer receptors with VEGFR-2 subunits and such heterodimers regulate endothelial cell homeostasis
Conformation-regulated mechanosensory control via titin domains in cardiac muscle
The giant filamentous protein titin is ideally positioned in the muscle sarcomere to sense mechanical stimuli and transform them into biochemical signals, such as those triggering cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we ponder the evidence for signaling hotspots along the titin filament involved in mechanosensory control mechanisms. On the way, we distinguish between stress and strain as triggers of mechanical signaling events at the cardiac sarcomere. Whereas the Z-disk and M-band regions of titin may be prominently involved in sensing mechanical stress, signaling hotspots within the elastic I-band titin segment may respond primarily to mechanical strain. Common to both stress and strain sensor elements is their regulation by conformational changes in protein domains
Expression and Localization of CLC Chloride Transport Proteins in the Avian Retina
Members of the ubiquitously expressed CLC protein family of chloride channels and transporters play important roles in regulating cellular chloride and pH. The CLCs that function as Cl−/H+ antiporters, ClCs 3–7, are essential in particular for the acidification of endosomal compartments and protein degradation. These proteins are broadly expressed in the nervous system, and mutations that disrupt their expression are responsible for several human genetic diseases. Furthermore, knock-out of ClC3 and ClC7 in the mouse result in the degeneration of the hippocampus and the retina. Despite this evidence of their importance in retinal function, the expression patterns of different CLC transporters in different retinal cell types are as yet undescribed. Previous work in our lab has shown that in chicken amacrine cells, internal Cl− can be dynamic. To determine whether CLCs have the potential to participate, we used PCR and immunohistochemical techniques to examine CLC transporter expression in the chicken retina. We observed a high level of variation in the retinal expression levels and patterns among the different CLC proteins examined. These findings, which represent the first systematic investigation of CLC transporter expression in the retina, support diverse functions for the different CLCs in this tissue
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