Resonant Raman Scattering of ZnS, ZnO, and ZnS/ZnO Core/shell quantum dots

Resonant Raman scattering by optical phonon modes as well as their overtones was investigated in ZnS and ZnO quantum dots grown by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. The in situ formation of ZnS/ZnO core/shell quantum dots was monitored by Raman spectroscopy during laser illumination

Glycoprotein Ib activation by thrombin stimulates the energy metabolism in human platelets

<div><p>Thrombin-induced platelet activation requires substantial amounts of ATP. However, the specific contribution of each ATP-generating pathway <i>i</i>.<i>e</i>., oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) versus glycolysis and the biochemical mechanisms involved in the thrombin-induced activation of energy metabolism remain unclear. Here we report an integral analysis on the role of both energy pathways in human platelets activated by several agonists, and the signal transducing mechanisms associated with such activation. We found that thrombin, Trap-6, arachidonic acid, collagen, A23187, epinephrine and ADP significantly increased glycolytic flux (3–38 times <i>vs</i>. non-activated platelets) whereas ristocetin was ineffective. OxPhos (33 times) and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (88%) were increased only by thrombin. OxPhos was the main source of ATP in thrombin-activated platelets, whereas in platelets activated by any of the other agonists, glycolysis was the principal ATP supplier. In order to establish the biochemical mechanisms involved in the thrombin-induced OxPhos activation in platelets, several signaling pathways associated with mitochondrial activation were analyzed. Wortmannin and LY294002 (PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors), ristocetin and heparin (GPIb inhibitors) as well as resveratrol, ATP (calcium-release inhibitors) and PP1 (Tyr-phosphorylation inhibitor) prevented the thrombin-induced platelet activation. These results suggest that thrombin activates OxPhos and glycolysis through GPIb-dependent signaling involving PI3K and Akt activation, calcium mobilization and protein phosphorylation.</p></div

Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy

The paper is a script of a lecture given at the ISAPP-Baikal summer school in 2018. The lecture gives an overview of the Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy (TAIGA) facility including historical introduction, description of existing and future setups, and outreach and open data activities.Comment: Lectures given at the ISAPP-Baikal Summer School 2018: Exploring the Universe through multiple messengers, 12-21 July 2018, Bol'shie Koty, Russi

ЛЕЧЕНИЕ БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ С ШИРОКОЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬЮ МИКОБАКТЕРИЙ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ НОВЫХ ПРОТИВОТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The objective: to assess treatment outcomes in tuberculosis patients with extensive drug resistance (XDR TB) treated by new anti-tuberculosis drugs in the civilian community of Arkhangelsk Region.The analysis included all cases of XDR TB registered in the civilian community of Arkhangelsk Region from November 2006 to December 2013; treatment outcomes were assessed in 21 patients who were treated by regimens containing new anti-tuberculosis drugs (bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, clofazimine, imipenem with amoxiclav). 16 patients were treated by regimens containing 4 new anti-tuberculosis drugs. 2 patients were treated by regimen IV containing two drugs – bedaquiline, linezolid and bedaquiline, clofazimine; and 3 patients with regimens containing bedaquiline only.From November 2006 to December 2017, 175 XDR TB patients were registered in Arkhangelsk Region. The effective chemotherapy using new drugs made 57%, and mortality made 4.7%. In-take of new anti-tuberculosis drugs was accompanied side effects of minor and moderate degree.New anti-tuberculosis drugs are to be studied further in order to work out the most effective regimens for treatment of XDR TB patients.Цель: оценка результатов лечения больных с широкой лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя (ШЛУ-ТБ) с применением новых противотуберкулезных препаратов в гражданском обществе Архангельской области.Проанализированы все случаи ШЛУ-ТБ, зарегистрированные на территории Архангельской области в гражданском обществе с ноября 2006 г. по декабрь 2016 г., и оценены результаты лечения 21 больного, где в схему лечения включены новые противотуберкулезные препараты (бедаквилин, деламанид, линезолид, клофазимин, имипенем в комбинации с амоксиклавом). У 16 больных схема лечения состояла из 4 новых противотуберкулезных препаратов. В схему лечения по IV категории 2 пациентам добавлены два препарата ‒ бедаквилин, линезолид и бедаквилин, клофаземин и 3 больным ‒ один бедаквилин.С ноября 2006 г. по декабрь 2017 г. в Архангельской области зарегистрировано 175 больных ШЛУ-ТБ. Эффективный курс химиотерапии с новыми лекарственными препаратами составил 57%, а смертность ‒ 4,7%. На прием новых лекарственных средств наблюдались в большинстве случаев побочные реакции слабой и умеренной степени тяжести.Необходимо продолжить изучение новых противотуберкулезных препаратов для разработки наиболее эффективного режима терапии для больных с ШЛУ-ТБ

The HiSCORE Project

A central question of Astroparticle Physics, the origin of cosmic rays, still remains unsolved. HiSCORE (Hundred*i Square-km Cosmic ORigin Explorer) is a concept for a large-area wide-angle non-imaging air shower detector, addressing this question by searching for cosmic ray pevatrons in the energy range from 10TeV to few PeV and cosmic rays in the energy range above 100TeV. In the framework of the Tunka-HiSCORE project, first prototypes have been deployed on the site of the Tunka-133 experiment, where we plan to install an engineering array covering an area of the order of 1km2. On the same site, also imaging and particle detectors are planned, potentially allowing a future hybrid detector system. Here we present the HiSCORE detector principle, its potential for cosmic ray origin search and the status of ongoing activities in the framework of the Tunka-HiSCORE experiment

TAIGA -- an advanced hybrid detector complex for astroparticle physics and high energy gamma-ray astronomy

The physical motivations, present status, main results in study of cosmic rays and in the field of gamma-ray astronomy as well future plans of the TAIGA-1 (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) project are presented. The TAIGA observatory addresses ground-based gamma-ray astronomy and astroparticle physics at energies from a few TeV to several PeV, as well as cosmic ray physics from 100 TeV to several EeV. The pilot TAIGA-1 complex is located in the Tunka valley, ~50 km west from the southern tip of the lake Baikal.Comment: Submission to SciPost Phys. Proc., 10 pages, 2 figure

Primary Cosmic Rays Energy Spectrum and Mean Mass Composition by the Data of the TAIGA Astrophysical Complex

The corrected dependence of the mean depth of the EAS maximum $X_{max}$ on the energy was obtained from the data of the Tunka-133 array for 7 years and the TAIGA-HiSCORE array for 2 year. The parameter $\langle\ln A\rangle$, characterizing the mean mass compositon was derived from these results. The differential energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays in the energy range of $2\cdot 10^{14}$ - $2\cdot 10^{16}$\,eV was reconstructed using the new parameter $Q_{100}$ the Cherenkov light flux at the core distance 100 m.}Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to SciPost Phys.Pro

Method of Separation Between Light and Heavy Groups of Primary CR Nuclei by LDF of Cherenkov Light in the Range 300–3000 TeV

The problem of chemical composition below the knee in the cosmic-ray energy spectrum has not yet been solved due to low statistics collected from direct experiments. In the HiSCORE experiment the lateral distribution functions (LDF) of Cherenkov light of EASs with energy greater than hundreds of TeV can be measured in detail for millions of individual events. A full steepness of LDF is sensitive to the depth of shower maximum and as a result to primary particle type. In this paper, we developed a parametric method of separation between heavy and light groups of nuclei using the ’knee-like’ approximation of LDF and taking into account measurement uncertainty