Sub-au imaging of water vapour clouds around four Asymptotic Giant Branch stars

We present MERLIN maps of the 22-GHz H2O masers around four low-mass late-type stars (IK Tau U Ori, RT Vir and U Her), made with an angular resolution of ~ 15 milliarcsec and a velocity resolution of 0.1 km s-1. The H2O masers are found in thick expanding shells with inner radii ~ 6 to 16 au and outer radii four times larger. The expansion velocity increases radially through the H2O maser regions, with logarithmic velocity gradients of 0.5--0.9. IK Tau and RT Vir have well-filled H2O maser shells with a spatial offset between the near and far sides of the shell, which suggests that the masers are distributed in oblate spheroids inclined to the line of sight. U Ori and U Her have elongated poorly-filled shells with indications that the masers at the inner edge have been compressed by shocks; these stars also show OH maser flares. MERLIN resolves individual maser clouds, which have diameters of 2 -- 4 au and filling factors of only ~ 0.01 with respect to the whole H2O maser shells. The CSE velocity structure gives additional evidence the maser clouds are density bounded. Masing clouds can be identified over a similar timescale to their sound crossing time (~2 yr) but not longer. The sizes and observed lifetimes of these clouds are an order of magnitude smaller than those around red supergiants, similar to the ratio of low-mass:high-mass stellar masses and sizes. This suggests that cloud size is determined by stellar properties, not local physical phenomena in the wind.Comment: 21 pages, including 14 figures and 8 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

RKKY and magnetic field interactions in coupled Kondo quantum dots

We investigate theoretically the transport properties of two independent artificial Kondo impurities. They are coupled together via a tunable Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) interaction. For strong enough antiferromagnetic RKKY interaction, the impurity density of states increases with the applied in-plane magnetic field. This effect can be used to distinguish between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic RKKY interactions. These results may be relevant to explain some features of recent experiments by Craig et al. (cond-mat/0404213).Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Interaction effects on galaxy pairs with Gemini/GMOS- II: Oxygen abundance gradients

In this paper we derived oxygen abundance gradients from HII regions located in eleven galaxies in eight systems of close pairs. Long-slit spectra in the range 4400-7300A were obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spec- trograph at Gemini South (GMOS). Spatial profiles of oxygen abundance in the gaseous phase along galaxy disks were obtained using calibrations based on strong emission-lines (N2 and O3N2). We found oxygen gradients signifi- cantly flatter for all the studied galaxies than those in typical isolated spiral galaxies. Four objects in our sample, AM1219A, AM1256B, AM 2030A and AM2030B, show a clear break in the oxygen abundance at galactocentric radius R/R25 between 0.2 and 0.5. For AM1219A and AM1256B we found negative slopes for the inner gradients, and for AM2030B we found a positive one. In all these three cases they show a flatter behaviour to the outskirts of the galaxies. For AM2030A, we found a positive-slope outer gradient while the inner one is almost compatible with a flat behaviour. A decrease of star forma- tion efficiency in the zone that corresponds to the oxygen abundance gradient break for AM1219A and AM2030B was found. For the former, a minimum in the estimated metallicities was found very close to the break zone that could be associated with a corotation radius. On the other hand, AM1256B and AM2030A, present a SFR maximum but not an extreme oxygen abundance value. All the four interacting systems that show oxygen gradient breakes the extreme SFR values are located very close to break zones. Hii regions lo- cated in close pairs of galaxies follow the same relation between the ionization parameter and the oxygen abundance as those regions in isolated galaxies.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figures, accepted MNRAS, (Figs. 1 and 2 are in low resolution

Banco de Termos - ferramenta para controle e padronização de termos na Agência de Informação Embrapa.

O Sistema Gestor de Conteúdo da AIE propicia a agregação de valor à informação e ao conhecimento a serem disponibilizados na internet. O tratamento dos recursos de informação é baseado em padrões e formatos internacionais, compatíveis com o ambiente web, o que possibilita a interoperabilidade com outros sistemas e mecanismos de busca.bitstream/item/17790/1/cnptiact97_0.pd

Atividade anti-protozoários de Croton cajucara Benth. e do 7-Hidroxi-calameneno.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade anti-protozoários de óleos essenciais obtidos de 5 diferentes acessos de sacaca e do 7-hidroxi-calameneno isolado desses óleos contra parasitas do gênero Leishmania e Trypanosoma

Fauna do solo e suas relações com atributos físico-químicos.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a diversidade da fauna edáfica e suas relações com os atributos físico-químicos. Foram escolhidas sete áreas, representativas da região Oeste do estado de Santa Catarina (região de Chapecó, SC), abrangendo as seguintes condições de uso: 1) Plantio convencional com rotação de culturas (PCRC1); 2) Plantio direto com rotação de culturas (PDRC2); 3) Plantio convencional com sucessão de cultura (PCSC3); 4) Plantio direto com sucessão de culturas (PDSC4); 5) Cultivo mínimo com sucessão de culturas (CMSC5); 6) Plantio direto com sucessão de culturas (PDSC6) e 7) Plantio direto com sucessão de cultura (PDSC7). Foram analisados nos mesmos pontos de coleta a fauna edáfica e atributos físico-químicos e microbiológicos do solo. Alguns grupos da fauna edáfica apresentaram potencial para serem usados como indicadores da qualidade do solo, pois se mostraram sensíveis ao sistema de preparo e cultivo do solo. Ao considerarmos todos os atributos edáficos, o tratamento PDRC2 ficou mais afastado dos outros com melhores condições físico-químicas e biológicas do solo, em comparação aos demais, especialmente CMSC5 e PDSC6

Heritability of testosterone levels in 12-year-old twins and its relation to pubertal development

The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of variation in testosterone levels in 12-year-old children, and to explore the overlap in genetic and environmental influences on circulating testosterone levels and androgen dependent pubertal development. Midday salivary testosterone samples were collected on two consecutive days in a sample of 183 unselected twin pairs. Androgen induced pubertal development was assessed using self report Tanner scales of pubic hair development (boys and girls) and genital development (boys). A significant contribution of genetic effects to the variance in testosterone levels was found. Heritability was approximately 50% in both boys and girls. The remaining proportion of the variance in testosterone levels could be explained by non-shared environmental influences. The relatively high correlation between testosterone levels of opposite sex dizygotic twins suggests that sex differences in genes influencing variation in testosterone levels have not yet developed in pre- and early puberty. Variance in pubertal development was explained by a large genetic component, moderate shared environmental influences, and a small non-shared environmental effect. Testosterone levels correlated moderately (r = .31) with pubertal development; the covariance between testosterone levels and pubertal development was entirely accounted for by genetic influences

Soil Biocementation via Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) Method Employing Soybeans as a Source of Cheap Enzyme

In this work, the soil improvement technique via Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) was investigated by employing, as an alternative to expensive pure enzymes, enzymes extracted from agro-food wastes (tomato, apple, and soybean) such that the process is economically viable and fully embraces the concept of the circular economy. The feasibility of the process was evaluated by monitoring calcium carbonate precipitation in a sand sample. The effect of selected operative parameters was investigated during the injection into different grain size sand samples. The optimal operating conditions in terms of sand grain size, temperature, Urea/Calcium concentration were found. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of this alternative solution for EICP method in term of acquired material strength and the possibility to operate sand consolidation through an economically sustainable process

Thiol precursors in Catarratto Bianco Comune and Grillo grapes and effect of clarification conditions on the release of varietal thiols in wine

Background and aims: Varietal thiols characterize the typical aroma of several white wines, as Sauvignon blanc. Their presence was suggested in two Sicilian grape cultivars, Catarratto Bianco Comune (CBC) and Grillo, thought it was not analytically proved to date. Methods and Results: Varietal thiol precursors and free varietal thiols were assessed in CBC and Grillo grapes, musts and wines by UPLC/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The isobaric compounds S-3-(hexanal)-glutathione (GSH-3MHAl) and S-3-(4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one)-glutathione (GSH-4MMP) were discriminated by comparing their accurate masses and HR-MS/MS spectra with those of their synthetic standards. GSH-3MHAl, S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione (GSH-3MH) and S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-cysteine occurred in grape, must and wine, while GSH-4MMP and its hydrolysed forms did not. Their amounts decreased during the industrial winemaking processes, mostly following the grape pressing. We compared clarification conditions exposing must to either air or CO2 in terms of thiol precursors\u2019 and free thiols\u2019 content in wine. However, negligible differences were observed. Concentrations of free thiols in the range 400\u20131100 ng/L were found in the wines and they were not affected to the two clarification conditions adopted. Conclusion: The isobaric GSH-3MHAl and GSH-4MMP were clearly distinguished for the first time by UPLC-HRMS through their retention times and MS spectra. The varietal thiols were firstly revealed CBC and Grillo wines. The air-free and air- exposed clarification poorly affected the levels of varietal thiols. Significance of the study: This research highlights the major impact of the varietal thiols (mainly 3\u2013mercapto-hexan-1-ol and its acetate form) on the sensory properties of CBC and Grillo wines