611 research outputs found
Observation of nuclei with energies 8-30 MeV per nucleon in the Earth's magnetosphere at the altitudes 350 KM
Observations of the flux of nuclei with an energy of IO MeV per nucleon on the Salyut-7 Station in September 1984 are presented. The observed flux is smaller by a factor of 50 than the flux detected in May, 1981
Disturbances in groundwater chemical parameters related to seismic and volcanic activity in Kamchatka (Russia)
International audienceStarting from 1992 geochemical data are being collected with a mean sampling frequency of three days in the form of the pH value and of the most common ions and gases in the groundwater in one deep well located in Petropavlovsk, the capital city of Kamchatka (Russia). On 1 January 1996 a strong eruption started from the Karymsky volcano, that is located about 100km far from the well, in the north-northeastern direction. At the same time, a large earthquake (M=6.9) occurred in the Karymsky area. On 5 December 1997 a very large earthquake (M=7.7) occurred offshore, at a distance of 350km from the well and towards the same direction. The analysis of the geochemical data shows clear variations in the raw temporal trends on both cases. For the first event, a clear premonitory phase appeared; for the second one, some pre-seismic variations could be revealed but permanent modifications of the chemistry of the water subsequent to the earthquake are very clear. In both cases the feature of the geochemical variations is consistent with an afflux of new water in the aquifer connected with the well and with an escape of the Carbon dioxide gas from the ground in different directions. A schematic model able to justify such a phenomenology and the connections of the geochemical variations with the previous tectonic activities is proposed
Development of low-temperature thermochemical conversion reactors for coal power engineering
The main principles applied in developing a technology for low-temperature thermochemical conversion of brown coals to obtain fuel gas and semicoke intended for being fired in two-fuel power installations are considered on the basis of a set of experimental and calculated investigations. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data obtained using other methods and with the results of previous industrial tests. Β© 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc
Retrospective analysis for detecting seismic precursors in groundwater argon content
We examined the groundwater Argon content data sampled from 1988 to 2001 at two wells in Kamchatka (Russia) and anomalous increases appeared clearly during June-July 1996. On 21 June, a shallow (1km) earthquake with <i>M</i>=7.1 occurred at a distance less than 250km from the wells and so the previous increases could be related to this earthquake and, in particular, could be considered premonitory anomalies. In order to support this raw interpretation, we analysed the data collected in details. At first we smoothed out the high frequency fluctuations arising from the errors in a single measurement. Next we considered the known external effects on the water of a well that are the slow tectonic re-adjustment processes, the meteorology and the gravity tides and we separated these effects applying band-pass filters to the Argon content raw trends. Then we identified the largest fluctuations in these trends applying the 3 Ο criterion and we found three anomalies in a case and two anomalies in other case. Comparing the time occurrence of the anomalies at the two wells we found out that a coincidence exists only in the case of the premonitory anomalies we are studying. The simultaneous appearance of well definite anomalies in the residual trends of the same parameter at two different sites supports their meaning and the possibility that they are related to some large scale effect, as the occurrence of a strong earthquake. But, other earthquakes similar to the June 1996 event took place during the Argon content measurements time and no anomaly appeared in this content. In the past, some of the authors of this paper studied the Helium content data collected in three natural springs of the Caucasus during seven years. A very similar result, that is the simultaneous appearance of clear premonitory anomalies only on the occasion of a strong (<i>M</i>=7.0) but shallow (2β4km) earthquake, was obtained. The correspondence with the case of the Caucasus validates the interpretation of the Kamchatkian anomalies as precursors
Rapid dissipation of magnetic fields due to Hall current
We propose a mechanism for the fast dissipation of magnetic fields which is
effective in a stratified medium where ion motions can be neglected. In such a
medium, the field is frozen into the electrons and Hall currents prevail.
Although Hall currents conserve magnetic energy, in the presence of density
gradients, they are able to create current sheets which can be the sites for
efficient dissipation of magnetic fields. We recover the frequency,
, for Hall oscillations modified by the presence of density
gradients. We show that these oscillations can lead to the exchange of energy
between different components of the field. We calculate the time evolution and
show that magnetic fields can dissipate on a timescale of order
. This mechanism can play an important role for magnetic
dissipation in systems with very steep density gradients where the ions are
static such as those found in the solid crust of neutron stars.Comment: 9 pages, changed fig.
Mass Transfer Mechanism in Real Crystals by Pulsed Laser Irradiation
The dynamic processes in the surface layers of metals subjected activity of a
pulsing laser irradiation, which destroyed not the crystalline structure in
details surveyed. The procedure of calculation of a dislocation density
generated in bulk of metal during the relaxation processes and at repeated
pulse laser action is presented. The results of evaluations coincide with high
accuracy with transmission electron microscopy dates. The
dislocation-interstitial mechanism of laser-stimulated mass-transfer in real
crystals is presented on the basis of the ideas of the interaction of structure
defects in dynamically deforming medium. The good compliance of theoretical and
experimental results approves a defining role of the presented mechanism of
mass transfer at pulse laser action on metals. The possible implementation this
dislocation-interstitial mechanism of mass transfer in metals to other cases of
pulsing influences is justifiedComment: 10 pages, 2 figures, Late
ΠΠ± ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² Π²ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
The history of the discovery of diamonds in the products of Kamchatka volcanic eruptions is briefly described, and the results of comprehensive studies of Tolbachin diamonds including crystallomorphology, faceted sculptures, xenomineral greases and films on the surface, nanomicroswitches, impurity elements, spectroscopic properties, isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen are summarized. The conclusion is drawn about the natural origin of the Tolbachin diamonds formed directly in the volcanic ash-gas cloud by crystallization from gases stimulated by atmospheric electric discharges.ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π±Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² β ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π³ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Π±Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ
About possibility to locate an EQ epicenter using parameters of ELF/ULF preseismic emission
A relation between parameters of preseismic ULF/ELF emissions and EQ is studied. The magnetic data measured at Karymshino station (Kamchatka, Russia) along with data on local seismic activity during eight years of observations (2001β2008) are taken for the analysis. Source azimuth is detected in different techniques, based on the analysis of the total field and its polarized pulsed component. The latter technique shows a better accuracy in the source azimuth detection. The errors of the method are associated with existence of non-seismic sources and with use of one-point observation. The second error can be eliminated by development of multi-point observations
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