Dust remobilization in fusion plasmas under steady state conditions

The first combined experimental and theoretical studies of dust remobilization by plasma forces are reported. The main theoretical aspects of remobilization in fusion devices under steady state conditions are analyzed. In particular, the dominant role of adhesive forces is highlighted and generic remobilization conditions - direct lift-up, sliding, rolling - are formulated. A novel experimental technique is proposed, based on controlled adhesion of dust grains on tungsten samples combined with detailed mapping of the dust deposition profile prior and post plasma exposure. Proof-of-principle experiments in the TEXTOR tokamak and the EXTRAP-T2R reversed-field pinch are presented. The versatile environment of the linear device Pilot-PSI allowed for experiments with different magnetic field topologies and varying plasma conditions that were complemented with camera observations.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 3 table

Основы построения участковой системы текущего содержания пути

For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The current maintenance of a track in its essence is opposed to the process of continuous accumulation of residual deformations and requires mobile control, professional readiness. Therefore, the work force size, organization of labor must meet the set tasks and conditions. The introduction of a sectional system of track maintenance, new technologies, automated complexes of track machines compels to revise the standards of track maintenance, the better use of production resources. Keywords: railway, track current maintenance, sectional system, organizational structure, number of track servicemen.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).Текущее содержание пути по своей сущности противостоит процессу непрерывного накопления остаточных деформаций и требует мобильного контроля, профессиональной готовности. Поэтому численность рабочей силы, организация труда должны соответствовать заданным задачам и условиям. Внедрение участковой системы ведения путевого хозяйства, новых технологий, автоматизированных комплексов путевых машин вынуждают к пересмотру нормативов технического обслуживания пути, лучшему использованию производственных ресурсов

Ferroelectric nanocomposites based on polymer ferroelectrics and graphene/oxide graphene: Computer modeling and SPFM experiments

The authors are thankful to the Russian Science Foundation (RSF grant # 16-19-10112) and to the Russian Foundation for Basic Researches (RFBR grants # 16-51-53917) for support. Prof. Xiang-Jian Meng expresses his gratitude to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) for support of the project: "The study on the new type of infrared detector based on ferroelectric tunnel junction"

Современная гормонотерапия распространенных форм рака предстательной железы

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies in males. Hormonal therapy (HT) is the method of choice in treating disseminated PC. LHRH agonists are used for therapy of disseminated and metastatic PC; a number of studies have shown the advantages of adjuvant and neoadjuvant HT for its locally advanced process over radiotherapy (RT) alone and radical prostatectomy (RPE). Diferelin (tryptorelin) that has been used for over 20 years is one of the most studied LHRH agonists. The efficiency of HT with diferelin is comparable with that of bilateral orchiectomy, the quality of life being much higher in the patients receiving this drug. The efficiency of intermittent diferelin HT is shown to be the same as that of continuous HT, by considerably improving the quality of life. Diferelin may be used for evaluation of the hormonal sensitivity of a tumor and for choice of an efficient treatment policy. Comparison of diferelin with other LHRH agonists has yielded comparable results in the trend of prostate-specific antigen levels and testosterone concentrations to decrease.

Адъювантная внутрипузырная химиотерапия поверхностного рака мочевого пузыря

The paper presents the results of using Vero-Mitomycin in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma (SBC). The study included 23 SBC patients over 18 years of age, with invasion levels of pTa, pT1, and differentiation grades of G1—2, ECOG 0 or 1, who were treated at the Department of Oncourology, P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute. The patients were given 6 intravesicular instillations of Vero-Mitomycin in a single dose of 40 mg. During a follow-up, a recurrence developed in 9 (39.1%) patients, a tumorous process progressed in none patient. There were recurrences at 12—16 months. The acute cystitis syndrome was revealed in 2 patients (after 4 and 6 instillations of the drug). Hematological toxicity was not observed. Thus, Vero-Mitomycin is one of the drugs of choice for the first-line intravesicular chemotherapy in patients with low and moderate risk SBC. Intravesicular chemotherapy with Vero-Mitomycin is an effective and low-toxic preventive method against recurrent SBC.

Адъювантная фотодинамическая терапия поверхностного рака мочевого пузыря

Transurethral resection (TUR) of the urinary bladder is a gold standard of the treatment of superficial bladder cancer (BC); however, after the above surgical intervention the incidence of relapses is high and ranges from 40 to 90%, as shown by different authors. Adjuvant intravesicular immuno- or chemotherapy reduces the rate of relapses by 30—35%. Thus, the development of new methods for preventing recurrent superficial BC remains an urgent problem today. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising line in oncology. The study included 196 patients with superficial BC. Following TUR of the bladder 110 patients received adjuvant PDT; a control group comprised 86 patients treated with TUR only. In the PDT group, the incidence of relapses depended on energy density: with the latter of 10, 12, and 15 J/сm2, the incidence of relapses was 31.7, 19.4, and 15.5%, respectively. In the control group, it was 55.1%. Thus, treatment aimed at preventing recurrent superficial BC may be performed by three methods: 1) intravesical immunotherapy, 2) intravesical chemotherapy, and 3) PDT. On the basis of the findings, it is impossible today to define unambiguous indications for either method in the first-line prevention of relapses in the treatment of superficial BC. Adjuvant PDT is a competitive treatment in low and moderate BC risk patients. In the high-risk group, the advantage of BCG therapy is beyond question.Transurethral resection (TUR) of the urinary bladder is a gold standard of the treatment of superficial bladder cancer (BC); however, after the above surgical intervention the incidence of relapses is high and ranges from 40 to 90%, as shown by different authors. Adjuvant intravesicular immuno- or chemotherapy reduces the rate of relapses by 30—35%. Thus, the development of new methods for preventing recurrent superficial BC remains an urgent problem today. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising line in oncology. The study included 196 patients with superficial BC. Following TUR of the bladder 110 patients received adjuvant PDT; a control group comprised 86 patients treated with TUR only. In the PDT group, the incidence of relapses depended on energy density: with the latter of 10, 12, and 15 J/сm2, the incidence of relapses was 31.7, 19.4, and 15.5%, respectively. In the control group, it was 55.1%. Thus, treatment aimed at preventing recurrent superficial BC may be performed by three methods: 1) intravesical immunotherapy, 2) intravesical chemotherapy, and 3) PDT. On the basis of the findings, it is impossible today to define unambiguous indications for either method in the first-line prevention of relapses in the treatment of superficial BC. Adjuvant PDT is a competitive treatment in low and moderate BC risk patients. In the high-risk group, the advantage of BCG therapy is beyond question

Аналоги соматостатина в лечении кастрационно-резистентного рака предстательной железы: эффективность и переносимость

Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is one of the most complex and currently completely unsolved problems of oncourology. Possible novel treatment of CRPC is administration of Octreotide Long, long-acting somatostatin analogue.In this paper we have shown an experience of treatment with Octreotide Long 30 mg and dexamethasone in 69 CRPC patients from February 2014 to March 2016. We have assessed an efficacy and safety of the therapy. Age of patients ranged from 56 to 89 years, all patients had continued androgen deprivation. Response to the treatment was assessed clinically by the following factors: change in the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum, dynamics of indicators of general and biochemical blood tests, the level of pain syndrome and improvement in the patient’s quality of life. Total response to reduction and stabilization of PSA level was achieved in 70.9 % of patients. In general, the best results were observed in the group of patients treated with Octreotide Long before first-line chemotherapy with docetaxel. Tolerability of Octreotide Long in combination with dexamethasone in all cases was good. No significant side effects – neither hematological, nor clinical were noted. We also did not register any cases of drug discontinuation due to its intolerance. Одной из наиболее сложных и окончательно не решенных проблем онкоурологии в настоящее время является кастрационно-резистентный рак предстательной железы (КРРПЖ). Возможное направление в его лечении – назначение аналога соматостатина пролонгированного действия Октреотида-лонг.В настоящей работе представлен опыт лечения Октреотидом-лонг 30 мг и дексаметазоном 69 пациентов с КРРПЖ с февраля 2014 г. по март 2016 г., проведена оценка эффективности и безопасности терапии. Возраст пациентов варьировал от 56 до 89 лет, у всех продолжалась андрогенная депривация в постоянном режиме. Ответ на лечение оценивали клинически: по изменению уровня простатического специфического антигена (ПСА) сыворотки крови, динамике показателей общего и биохимического анализов крови, уровню болевого синдрома и улучшению качества жизни пациента. Суммарный ответ по снижению и стабилизации уровня ПСА был достигнут у 70,9 % больных, в целом лучшие результаты наблюдались в группе пациентов, получавших Октреотид-лонг до химиотерапии 1-й линии доцетакселом. Переносимость Октреотида-лонг в комбинации с дексаметазоном во всех случаях была хорошая. Значимых побочных эффектов, как гематологических, так и клинических, не отмечено. Не зарегистрировано отмены препарата из-за непереносимости.

Polarization switching and piezoresponse in PVDF/P(VDF-TrFE) ferroelectric films and multifunctional G/GO composites

Such composites can serve as a multifunctional molecular unit. Further models are in progress. The work is supported by RFBR grants # 15-01-04924, # 16-51-53017 and RSF grant #16-19-10112

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ С УЧЕТОМ ИХ РЕПЛИКАЦИЙ НА УЗЛАХ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

Предлагается модель размещения объектов на узлах распределенной системы, учитывающаявведение репликаций, параметры объектов и потоков запросов к объектам, характеристики каналов передачи данных и узлов обработки запросов. Формулируется оптимизационная задача распределения объектов на узлах, предлагается алгоритм наискорейшего спуска решения задачи. Проводятся эксперименты, выявляющие закономерности и тренды в изменении параметров функционирования оптимизированной системы

Исследование кинетики затухания фотолюминесценции молекулярных нанокристаллов фталоцианина алюминия при взаимодействии с иммунокомпетентными клетками

This work is dedicated to the study of the photoluminescence kinetics of aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles in colloidal solutions at different pH and in the interaction with immune cells (macrophages). For measurements we used a registration system based on Hamamatsu streak camera (C10627-13 Hamamatsu Photonics) with picosecond temporal resolution (15 ps), conjugated with the fiberoptic spectrometer and picosecond laser pumping. The changes in fluorescence decay kinetics as additional lifetime components of fluorescence were found during the experiment. The number of components and duration of lifetimes changed while interacting with cells and depends on pH. At pH 2 the presence of two fluorescence lifetimes was recorded: the first one was 5 ns, which corresponded to the molecular form in solution, and 1.5 ns, which corresponded to bound state of phthalocyanine molecules. Due to the absence of other possible objects for bounding in the solution except of the nanoparticles we can suggest with a high degree of accuracy that the bounding occurs with the very these nanoparticles. Analysis of the fluorescence lifetimes of aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles in macrophages indicated the presence of two components: 9 ns and 4.5 ns. A model of surface molecules transitions from parallel to perpendicular position, regarding to the plane of the crystal nanoparticle was proposed.Работа посвящена исследованию кинетики фотолюминесценции коллоидных растворов молекулярных нанокристаллов фталоцианина алюминия при различных pH и при взаимодействии с иммунокомпетентными клетками (макрофагами). Изучение кинетики проводилось при помощи системы регистрации, основанной на стрик-камере с пикосекундным разрешением (до 15 пс) C10627-13 Hamamatsu Photonics, сопряженной с волоконно-оптическим спектрометром, при пикосекундном лазерном возбуждении. В ходе эксперимента было зафиксировано изменение кинетики затухания флуоресценции, выраженное в появлении дополнительных компонент времен жизни флуоресценции. Количество компонент и длительность времени жизни изменялись при взаимодействии с клетками и в зависимости от pH. Так, при pH 2 было зафиксировано наличие двух времён жизни флуоресценции: 5 нс, что соответствует молекулярной форме в растворе, и 1,5 нс, что соответствует связанному состоянию молекулы фталоцианина. Так как кроме наночастиц в растворе других возможных объектов связывания нет, то, с большой степенью достоверности, можно предположить, что связывание происходит именно с наночастицами. Исследование времени жизни флуоресценции наночастиц фталоцианина алюминия в макрофагах показало наличие двух компонент порядка 9 нс и 4,5 нс. Была предложена модель перехода поверхностных молекул фталоцианина алюминия из пара- в ортоположение относительно поверхности кристаллической наночастицы