247 research outputs found
Peculiarities of national interests institutionalization in the North American tradition: history and modernity
This article is devoted to the analysis of characteristics of national interestsβ institutionalization in the North American tradition, namely the evolution of their legal consolidation and the practice of implementation in modern condition
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π―Π½ΡΡ-ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π· Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°: Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
Significant successes in the use of biological agents (BA) have been achieved in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); nonetheless, about 36% of patients cannot respond to therapy or achieve the expected effect. A new area in the treatment of RA is the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (chemical molecules with a molecular weight <1 kDa for oral administration) that inhibit the activity of intracellular signaling systems. The authors consider the clinical achievements and prospects, which open the use of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of RA.Π Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ° (Π Π) Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ 36% ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π Π ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π―Π½ΡΡ-ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π· (JAK) β ΡΠ°ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² (Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ <1ΠΊΠΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² JAK Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π Π
Hydroxymercuration-demercuration of 2-carene
trans-3-Caranol, a-terpineol, p-5-methene-1,8-diol, and p-6-menthene-5,8-diol are formed in the hydroxymercuration-demercuration of 2-carene. Β© 1979 Plenum Publishing Corporation
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ
The article presents an analysis of the therapeutic effect of the drug diacerein (D), which has been used in osteoarthritis (OA) for more than 20 years and is included in the clinical guidelines of the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia (2021) and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal diseases (ESCEO, 2019) for the treatment of OA. The main pathogenic effect of D in OA is to suppress the synthesis of interleukin 1, stimulate the production of articular cartilage proteoglycans, and slow down abnormal remodeling of the subchondral bone. The advantages of D in the treatment of patients with OA and comorbidities are presented β a prolonged anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and good tolerability. These properties of D allow to control the symptoms of OA and improve the quality of life of patients. The structure-modifying effect of D is based on its ability to stimulate the synthesis of articular cartilage proteoglycans with long-term use and prevent abnormal remodeling of the subchondral bone, which leads to a decrease in the risk of OA progression and a delay in total joint arthroplasty. An important advantage of D is its positive metabolic effect in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, which is associated with the ability of D to reduce the level of glycated hemoglobin and body mass index. Data are presented on the absence of adverse cardiovascular effects when using D, which allows us to recommend its use in patients with OA who have comorbid cardiovascular diseases, as well as contraindications for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ (Π), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 20 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ (ΠΠ) ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ (2021) ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (ESCEO, 2019). ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° 1, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ².ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅: Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
The review presents an analysis of the therapeutic effect in osteoarthritis (OA) of the original complex injectable drug Alflutop (bioactive concentrate of small marine fish), which is one of the most widely used symptomatic slow acting drugs (SYSADOA) in Russia. It stimulates the proliferation of chondrocytes, activates the synthesis of the extracellular matrix by modulating transforming growth factor Ξ² (TGFΞ²), inhibits hyaluronidase, oxidative stress and the activity of extracellular expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes β interleukin (IL) 1Ξ², IL6 and IL8 in vitro.The results of prospective clinical studies are presented, which demonstrate the ability of Alflutop to slow down the X-ray progression of OA of the knee joints (inhibit the narrowing of the joint space, the growth of osteophytes and increase the intra-articular concentration of hyaluronic acid), as well as restore the mobility of the hip joints when it is locally introduced into the zone of pathological changes in the articular lip of the acetabulum. Combined therapy with Alflutop leads to activation of reparative processes and significant clinical improvement in patients with post-traumatic OA, and also slows down the progression of chondrodegeneration according to magnetic resonance imaging. The new Alflutop administration regimen for knee OA (2 ml every other day, β10) can increase patient adherence to therapy.The results of clinical studies presented in the review prove the structural-modifying effect of Alflutop in OA of various localization and substantiate its widespread use in this disease in rheumatological, traumatological and orthopedic practice.Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ (ΠΠ) ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠ»ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΏ (Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±), ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ (SYSADOA) Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Ξ² (Π’Π€Π Ξ²), ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ, ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° (ΠΠ) 1Ξ², ΠΠ6 ΠΈ ΠΠ8 in vitro.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ»ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² (ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ±Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ»ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΠ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ»ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π° (ΠΏΠΎ 2 ΠΌΠ» ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, β10) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ»ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅.
Structure of comorbidity in ascending aortic aneurysm
Aim. To analyze the comorbidity structure in patients with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) in the Siberian Federal District (SFD).MaterialΒ andΒ methods. The study included 163 patients (114 men (56,8Β±12,1 years) and 49 women (59,4Β±10,4 years)) with ascending TAA, who underwent open surgical treatment at the Cardiology Research Institute of the Tomsk National Research Medical Center. Concomitant pathologies were assessed on the basis of anamnesis and paraclinical investigations. Comparison of the prevalence of concomitant diseases in the group of patients with ascending TAA between men and women, as well as between patients ascending TAA in the SFD, other groups of patients with this pathology, population samples and patients with other cardiovascular diseases was performed using the Ο2 test or Fisherβs exact test in the StatistiΡa 12 program.Results. In patients with ascending TAA, hypertension (67,5%), bicuspid aortic valve (44,2%), coronary artery disease (38,6%), arrhythmia (31,3%), and heart failure (27,6%). Atherosclerosis of the aorta, coronary and carotid arteries occur with a prevalence of 12,9%, 16,6% and 5,5%, respectively. Among other forms of pathologies, the most common are connective tissue dysplasia (65,6%), obesity (12,3%), and chronic obstructive bronchitis (9,8%). In men with ascending TAA, myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation are detected more often than women (11,4% and 20,2% vs 2% and 6,1%; p<0,05), and in women β carotid atherosclerosis and impaired cerebral circulation (12,2% and 18,4% vs 2,6% and 5,3%, p<0,05). Compared to other compared groups, aortic, coronary and carotid atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and type 2 diabetes were less frequently recorded in patients with ascending TAA in the SFD.Conclusion. Patients with ascending TAA in the SFD are characterized by a complex structure of comorbidity, including both cardiovascular pathologies and related risk factors, and other pathologies, including diseases of the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, infectious and cancer diseases. To confirm the presence of inverse comorbidity between ascending TAA, atherosclerosis of other location, and type 2 diabetes, large-scale epidemiological, morphological, and molecular genetic studies are needed, which will reveal the fundamental mechanisms underlying it
Late Replication Domains in Polytene and Non-Polytene Cells of Drosophila melanogaster
In D. melanogaster polytene chromosomes, intercalary heterochromatin (IH) appears as large dense bands scattered in euchromatin and comprises clusters of repressed genes. IH displays distinctly low gene density, indicative of their particular regulation. Genes embedded in IH replicate late in the S phase and become underreplicated. We asked whether localization and organization of these late-replicating domains is conserved in a distinct cell type. Using published comprehensive genome-wide chromatin annotation datasets (modENCODE and others), we compared IH organization in salivary gland cells and in a Kc cell line. We first established the borders of 60 IH regions on a molecular map, these regions containing underreplicated material and encompassing βΌ12% of Drosophila genome. We showed that in Kc cells repressed chromatin constituted 97% of the sequences that corresponded to IH bands. This chromatin is depleted for ORC-2 binding and largely replicates late. Differences in replication timing between the cell types analyzed are local and affect only sub-regions but never whole IH bands. As a rule such differentially replicating sub-regions display open chromatin organization, which apparently results from cell-type specific gene expression of underlying genes. We conclude that repressed chromatin organization of IH is generally conserved in polytene and non-polytene cells. Yet, IH domains do not function as transcription- and replication-regulatory units, because differences in transcription and replication between cell types are not domain-wide, rather they are restricted to small βislandsβ embedded in these domains. IH regions can thus be defined as a special class of domains with low gene density, which have narrow temporal expression patterns, and so displaying relatively conserved organization
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