42 research outputs found
Mutations designed to modify the NS gene mRNA secondary structure affect influenza A pathogenicity in vivo
The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segments of negative-sense RNA that encode up to 18 proteins. During the process of viral replication, positive-sense (+)RNA (cRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized. Today, there is only a partial understanding of the function of several secondary structures within vRNA and cRNA promoters, and splice sites in the M and NS genes. The most precise secondary structure of (+)RNA has been determined for the NS segment of influenza A virus. Β The influenza A virus NS gene features two regions with a conserved mRNA secondary structure located near splice sites. Here, we compared 4 variants of the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 strain featuring different combinations of secondary structures at the NS segment (+)RNA regions 82-148 and 497-564. We found that RNA structures did not affect viral replication in cell culture. However, one of the viruses demonstrated lower NS1 and NEP expression levels during early stage cell infection as well as reduced pathogenicity in mice compared to other variants. In particular, this virus is characterized by an RNA hairpin in the 82-148 region and a stable hairpin in the 497-564 region.The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segments of negative-sense RNA that encode up to 18 proteins. During the process of viral replication, positive-sense (+)RNA (cRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized. Today, there is only a partial understanding of the function of several secondary structures within vRNA and cRNA promoters, and splice sites in the M and NS genes. The most precise secondary structure of (+)RNA has been determined for the NS segment of influenza A virus. Β The influenza A virus NS gene features two regions with a conserved mRNA secondary structure located near splice sites. Here, we compared 4 variants of the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 strain featuring different combinations of secondary structures at the NS segment (+)RNA regions 82-148 and 497-564. We found that RNA structures did not affect viral replication in cell culture. However, one of the viruses demonstrated lower NS1 and NEP expression levels during early stage cell infection as well as reduced pathogenicity in mice compared to other variants. In particular, this virus is characterized by an RNA hairpin in the 82-148 region and a stable hairpin in the 497-564 region
Radioactive elements in the environment
Indicated role of natural radioactive elements (U, Th) in geospherical layers and various environmental components is discussed. Induced radionuclide problems are examine
Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠ°
The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of asthma in adults at industrial city Tomsk. A total of 2000 responders aged 18 to 75 yrs participated in the study. Prevalence of asthma-like symptoms was estimated using the standardized questionnaire ECRHS. Two hundred patients with asthma-like symptoms underwent clinical, functional, and allergological examination. Asthma-like symptoms were revealed in 37.8 % of the studied population. Prevalence of asthma was 9.8 %. These findings significantly exceed official data. Asthma was newly diagnosed in 60 % of symptomatic adults that is evidence of late detection of the disease.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ (ΠΠ) Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ° 1-ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³ 2 000 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 18 Π΄ΠΎ 75 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ECRHS. ΠΠ° 2-ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ 37,8 % ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 9,8 %, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² 60 % ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π³. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠ°
ΠΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ 2017β2018 Π³Π³. ΠΈ 2018β2019 Π³Π³.
Objective: to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of acute respiratory infections occurring during the St. Petersburg 2017β2018 and 2018β2019 epidemic seasons.Materials and methods: the study included 457 patients, treated in St. Petersburg clinics from 2017β2019, displaying symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), including evaluation of their clinical histories. Pathogen types were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data analysis was carried out using mathematical statistics methods using the Statistica 10 software package (StatSoft Inc.).Results: in this study, we examined the epidemiological and clinical features of acute respiratory infections in St. Petersburg occurring during two epidemic seasons, 2017β2018 and 2018β2019. The 2017β2018 season was characterized by a prevalence of infections caused by influenza B viruses and influenza A subtype H3N2 viruses. In the 2018β2019 season, there was a greater number of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) and infections caused by influenza A subtype H1N1pdm; influenza B virus was detected only in isolated cases. In the 2017β2018 sore throats and muscle aches were a characteristic symptom of influenza A H1N1pdm infections, of bacterial infections β only sore throats. It was shown that throat pain and vasodilation of the scleral and soft palate vessels were significantly more frequent in the 2017β2018 season, compared to the 2018β2019 season. Cough and redness of the posterior pharyngeal wall were hallmark signs of ARVIs in the 2018β2019 season.Conclusion: according to the data, each epidemic season is characterized not only by its own type-specific acute respiratory infection frequencies, but also by different clinical manifestation frequencies. For global monitoring, treatment effectiveness evaluation, and refined study of acute respiratory infection clinical features, it is advisable to use approaches which incorporate accurate, specific, and rapid molecular biological methods capable of identifying a broad range of pathogens.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π² Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ 2017β2018 Π³Π³. ΠΈ 2018β2019 Π³Π³.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 457 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π° Π² 2017β2019 Π³Π³., Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Statistica 10, StatSoft Inc.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½ 2017β2018 Π³Π³. Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π ΠΈ Π (H3N2). Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 2018β2019 Π³Π³. Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ°, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π (H1N1pdm); Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
. Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 2017β2018 Π³Π³. Π΄Π»Ρ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π (H1N1pdm) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅, Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π±Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 2017β2018 Π³Π³. ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ 2018β2019 Π³Π³. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ ΠΠ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 2018β2019 Π³Π³.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ².
Features of Studentsβ Attributional Style
Attributional style or explanatory style is a cognitive personal feature reflecting a standard specific way of explaining the reasons of events in which people are involved. This concept is key in M. Seligmanβs theory of learned helplessness and depression. M. Seligman and his followers experimentally proved that the person becomes helpless in case he is convinced that nothing depends on his active actions, that evil events happen accidentally, and it is impossible to change them. The paper describes features of attributional style of junior students and provides recommendations on overcoming its negative consequences
Epidemiological and clinical features of acute respiratory infections occurring in St. Petersburg during the 2017β2018 and 2018β2019 epidemic seasons
Objective: to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of acute respiratory infections occurring during the St. Petersburg 2017β2018 and 2018β2019 epidemic seasons.Materials and methods: the study included 457 patients, treated in St. Petersburg clinics from 2017β2019, displaying symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), including evaluation of their clinical histories. Pathogen types were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data analysis was carried out using mathematical statistics methods using the Statistica 10 software package (StatSoft Inc.).Results: in this study, we examined the epidemiological and clinical features of acute respiratory infections in St. Petersburg occurring during two epidemic seasons, 2017β2018 and 2018β2019. The 2017β2018 season was characterized by a prevalence of infections caused by influenza B viruses and influenza A subtype H3N2 viruses. In the 2018β2019 season, there was a greater number of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) and infections caused by influenza A subtype H1N1pdm; influenza B virus was detected only in isolated cases. In the 2017β2018 sore throats and muscle aches were a characteristic symptom of influenza A H1N1pdm infections, of bacterial infections β only sore throats. It was shown that throat pain and vasodilation of the scleral and soft palate vessels were significantly more frequent in the 2017β2018 season, compared to the 2018β2019 season. Cough and redness of the posterior pharyngeal wall were hallmark signs of ARVIs in the 2018β2019 season.Conclusion: according to the data, each epidemic season is characterized not only by its own type-specific acute respiratory infection frequencies, but also by different clinical manifestation frequencies. For global monitoring, treatment effectiveness evaluation, and refined study of acute respiratory infection clinical features, it is advisable to use approaches which incorporate accurate, specific, and rapid molecular biological methods capable of identifying a broad range of pathogens
Accuracy research of microsatellite orientation definition by means of interactive orientation system computer model
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ TRIAD. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏ'ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΠΠ‘), ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π² Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΠ‘.Results of orientation definition precision research of a satellite due to TRIAD algorithm are described in this article. Investigation was conducted at referenced maximal admissible meanings of measurement unit errors and also elucidated vectors coordinate displacement in dependence of microsatellite orientation angles initial values at which the greatest errors of determining orientation angles could have place. Findings of performed researches will give an opportunity of orientation angles definition accuracy increasing of a spacecraft. Investigation of orientation accuracy is considered to be a quite cumbersome and time consuming challenge so as a consequence for resolving this problem interactive computer model of microsatellite orientation system was developed and created including a special tab for orientation angles accuracy studying of microsatellite by means of TRIAD algorithm. Interactive computer model allows in dialog mode to consider measurement unit instrumental errors effect on orientation system accuracy of microsatellite. Satellite dynamic features also are built into this model which makes possible to analyze precision of satellite orientation system in whole. It is easy to change algorithm of orientation determining, for instance, to QUEST algorithm. In its turn it helps estimate one more important task β to compare different algorithm efficiency of satellite orientation.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° TRIAD. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ (ΠΠ‘), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ‘
Geochemical specialization of limescale of water sources illustrated by two regions in Siberia
Synthesis of a Fractional-order PIΞ»DΞΌ-controller for a Closed System of Switched Reluctance Motor Control
The relevance of creating high-quality control systems for electric drives with a switched reluctance motor (SRM) was substantiated. Using methods of mathematical modeling, transient characteristics of the process of turn-on of SRMs with various moments of inertia were obtained. Based on analysis of the obtained transient characteristics, features of the SRM turn-on process determined by dynamic change of parameters of the SRM during its turn-on were shown.Low accuracy of SRM identification using a fractionally rational function of rat34 class was shown. Regression coefficient of the resulting model was 85 %. Based on analysis of transient characteristics of the SRM turn-on process, a hypothesis was put forward about the possibility of identifying the SRM by means of a fractional-order transfer function. Using the methods of mathematical modeling, transient characteristics of the process of turning-on the SRMs with various moments of inertia were obtained. Using the FOMCON MATLAB Toolbox, identification of the SRM turn-on process with the help of a fractional-order transfer function of second order was performed. Regression coefficient of the resulting model was 93β96 %.For the obtained fractional-order transfer functions, a method of synthesis of a fractional-order PIΞ»DΞΌ controller optimized in terms of minimum integral square error of the transition function of the closed system of fractional-order control of objects was implemented. The FOMCON MATLAB Toolbox was used for synthesis of the PIΞ»DΞΌ controller.Comparative analysis of the SRM turn-on processes in both open and closed control systems with a classical integer-order PID controller and with a fractional-order PIΞ»DΞΌ controller was made. Use of the fractional-order PIΞ»DΞΌ controller in comparison with the classical integer-order regulator makes it possible to reduce overshoot from 13.3 % to 2.64 %, increase speed of the closed ACS, decrease regulation time from 1.48 s to 0.53 s while reducing variability of transient characteristics. The study results can be used to improve performance of closed systems for controlling angular velocity of the SR