О гидрогеологических и гидрогеохимических закономерностях Оренбуржья и сопредельных районов

The complexity of the formation of hydrodynamics and chemical composition of natural waters of the Urals folded mountains and platform Pre-Urals is due to large differences in the geological structure and in the formation of fluids in the mountain-fold, platform, and transition zones. In addition, the properties and amount of waters in the hydrosphere in the supercritical state below the Conrad boundary are practically not investigated. Hydrogeochemical regularities are used in mapping, zoning of the territory, as well as for the interpretation of the actual material, and division of the cross-section in the drainage basins. For this purpose, concepts of hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical floors, hydrogeochemical zones, hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical aquifer complexes and horizons are used. Each hydrogeological area is distinguished by its vertical hydrogeochemical zonation, which synthesizes the most essential features of the evolution of this structure during a particular period of history. As a result, chemical types of waters with zones of a certain thickness, successively replacing each other within adjacent areas or provinces (belts) are formed. The same type of zonation may also characterize a group of structures.Сложность формирования гидродинамики и химического состава природных вод горно-складчатого Урала и платформенного Предуралья обусловлена большими различиями в геологическом строении и в формировании флюидов в горно-складчатой, платформенной и переходной зонах. Кроме того, практически не исследованы свойства и количество вод в гидросфере в надкритическом состоянии ниже границы Конрада. Гидрогеохимические закономерности используются при картографировании, районировании территории, а также при интерпретации фактического материала и расчленении разреза в бассейнах стока. С этой целью используются представления о гидродинамических и гидрогеохимических этажах, о гидрогеохимических зонах, гидрогеологических и гидрогеохимических водоносных комплексах и горизонтах. Каждый гидрогеологический район отличается по своей вертикальной гидрогеохимической зональности, синтезирующей самые существенные черты эволюции данной структуры в течение определенного периода истории. В результате в разрезе формируются химические типы вод с зонами определенной мощности, последовательно сменяющие друг друга в пределах смежных районов или провинций (поясов). Один тип зональности может характеризовать и группу структур

Modern state of fish and fishery products export in Ukraine

For every country in the world trade plays an important role in the fishing industry as an employment center, a food supplier, a source of income, a contribution to economic growth and development, as well as it provides food security and nutrition. In fisheries the fierce competition not only for resources but also for markets is not weakening. Leading fishing states are implementing the strategies aimed at ensuring the excellence in both domestic and foreign markets. The purpose of the work was to find out a current state of the fish and fish products export in Ukraine. Based on the specialized literature a current state of the fish and fish products export in Ukraine has been evaluated. A state of the fish and fish products export in Ukraine from 2015 to 2019 was analyzed; the main consumer countries of Ukrainian fish and fish products were identified; the structure of Ukrainian fish and fish products export was analyzed and the ways to increase the export of Ukrainian fish products in the main fish markets of the World were determined. Nowadays Ukraine has excellent resources for growing and catching fish and is gradually gaining the fish markets of many countries around the world. To develop the fishing industry the state constantly allocates the funds that are to support the industrial species of aquatic bio-resources, especially herbivorous fish, which do not breed naturally in Ukraine, to update the material and technical base for genetic research and cryopreservation work, etc. It was established that in recent years there is a tendency to increase the export of fish and fishery products of Ukraine in the markets of different countries of the World. In 2015 this figure was 6.4 thousand tons of fish and fishery products, and in 2019 it reached 7.6 thousand tons. The main countries that buy Ukrainian fish are: Moldova, Denmark, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Germany. The main export is processed fish products: crab sticks, canned sardines, coleslaw, while sprats or sprats, frozen cod, salmon and other fish

Гидрогеологические аспекты развития водохозяйственных технологий урбанизированных территорий на примере Оренбуржья

In the conditions of increasing industrial load especially in combination with arid climate, negative geodynamic processes develop on Earth, including depletion and pollution of water resources. More than 1.5 billion people suffer from the lack of water resources and the processes of pollution of natural waters. For more than two thousand years, people on the planet have been solving water management problems by building water reservoirs and the simplest water management structures. However, in arid climate, the construction of reservoirs is accompanied by the large losses of water due to evaporation. To overcome these difficulties, water management technologies are being developed. They are aimed in increasing the water reserves of water intakes based on the accumulation of a part of the floodwater.В условиях НТР и особенно засушливого климата на Земле развиваются негативные геодинамические процессы, включая истощение и загрязнение водных ресурсов. Более 1,5 млрд человек преодолевают трудности, связанные с недостатком водных ресурсов и процессами загрязнения природных вод и ОС. Уже более двух тысяч лет люди на планете решают водохозяйственные задачи путем строительства водохранилищ и простейших водохозяйственных сооружений. Однако в условиях аридного климата строительство водохранилищ сопровождается большими потерями воды на испарение. Аридизация климата затронула свыше 35% суши. В условиях НТР и широкого развития процессов техногенеза значительно возросли и продолжают расти расходы воды, усиливая истощение водных ресурсов и ухудшение их качества. Для преодоления этих трудностей развиваются водохозяйственные технологии, заключающиеся в увеличении запасов вод водозаборов за счет аккумуляции части паводковых вод

Представления и роль воды в геодинамике планеты

Among the sources of energy of the geodynamics of the Earth, the energy sources associated with changes in the structure and density of chemical compounds, especially near the so-called critical point, are ignored, which is confirmed by the discovery of the “superwater” and the detection of water in sunspots. It became clear that water fluids in a supercritical state are in the mantle and core of the Earth. The transition of water to a supercritical state, in our opinion, occurs near the Conrad border, which is recorded by seismic in the absence of a difference in rock lithology. Research and modeling of the parameters of chemical components at high temperatures and pressures will provide an answer to the origin of changes in seismic velocity and density of rocks at different depths of the Earth, which will increase the efficiency of forecasting, prospecting, and exploration of minerals and mitigation of the negative geodynamic processes.Среди источников энергии геодинамики Земли игнорируется энергетика, связанная с изменениями структуры и плотности химических соединений, особенно вблизи так называемой критической точки, что подтверждено открытием «сверхводы» и обнаружением воды в солнечных пятнах. Стало ясно, что водные флюиды в надкритическом состоянии есть в мантии и ядре Земли. Переход воды в надкритическое состояние, по нашему мнению, происходит у границы Конрада, что фиксируется сейсмикой при отсутствии разницы в литологии пород. Исследования и моделирование параметров химических компонентов при высоких температурах и давлениях позволят выяснить причины изменения сейсмической скорости и плотности пород на разных глубинах Земли, что повысит эффективность прогноза, поисков и разведки полезных ископаемых и прогноза негативных геодинамических процессов

Photometric observations of the supernova 2009nr

We present the results of our UBVRI CCD photometry for the second brightest supernova of 2009, SN 2009nr, discovered during a sky survey with the telescopes of the MASTER robotic network. Its light and color curves and bolometric light curves have been constructed. The light-curve parameters and the maximum luminosity have been determined. SN 2009nr is shown to be similar in light-curve shape and maximum luminosity to SN 1991T, which is the prototype of the class of supernovae Ia with an enhanced luminosity. SN 2009nr exploded far from the center of the spiral galaxy UGC 8255 and most likely belongs to its old halo population. We hypothesize that this explosion is a consequence of the merger of white dwarfs

Regulation of fish resources rational using on the territory of the NNP “BUG GARD”

Today on the territory of Ukraine there are 40 national nature parks which include the NNP “Bug Gard”. One of the main tasks of the NNP is to preserve the valuable natural objects and to develop the scientific recommendations for protecting the environment and using the natural resources efficiently. Modern poaching, with its mass, technical armament, impunity and constant rapid growth, poses a serious threat to the national security of Ukraine. Significant damage to fishing and fish farming on the territory of the NNP “Bug Gard” is caused by the actions of poachers. During the functioning of the NNP “Bug Gard” the State Protection Service constantly conducts inspections and patrols the territory of the park to identify and to stop violations of the environmental legislation. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the fish protection measures carrying out in the Bug National Nature Park by the State Protection Service has been assessed. Annually the State Protection Service of the NNP “Bug Gard” conducts on average of 120 activities to identify environmental offenses, practices the explanatory talks, on average, 600 conversations per year, which are aimed at clarifying the environmental legislation in the field of fauna and flora protection, as well as it constantly informs the public through the media about the individual cases of poaching in order to further preventing the environmental offenses. Annually, an average of 1.000 leaflets with the fire safety rules on the territory of the NNP and with the environmental issues were produced and distributed among the population and the visitors of the park. It is established that, according to the analysis, the State Protection Service of the NNP “Bug Gard” carries out the effective measures in the field of fish resources conserving and rational using in the area of its responsibility, carries out a widespread waste water pollution control in the water bodies, creates the conditions for normal fish reproduction and keeps a track of environmental and fishing offenses, which not only preserves the flora and fauna, but also compensates the damage caused by the actions of poachers and other violators

Prompt, early, and afterglow optical observations of five gamma-ray bursts (GRBs 100901A, 100902A, 100905A, 100906A, and 101020A)

We present results of the prompt, early, and afterglow optical observations of five gamma-ray bursts, GRBs 100901A, 100902A, 100905A, 100906A, and 101020A, made with the Mobile Astronomical System of TElescope-Robots in Russia (MASTER-II net), the 1.5-m telescope of Sierra-Nevada Observatory, and the 2.56-m Nordic Optical Telescope. For two sources, GRB 100901A and GRB 100906A, we detected optical counterparts and obtained light curves starting before cessation of gamma-ray emission, at 113 s and 48 s after the trigger, respectively. Observations of GRB 100906A were conducted with two polarizing filters. Observations of the other three bursts gave the upper limits on the optical flux; their properties are briefly discussed. More detailed analysis of GRB 100901A and GRB 100906A supplemented by Swift data provides the following results and indicates different origins of the prompt optical radiation in the two bursts. The light curves patterns and spectral distributions suggest a common production site of the prompt optical and high-energy emission in GRB 100901A. Results of spectral fits for GRB 100901A in the range from the optical to X-rays favor power-law energy distributions with similar values of the optical extinction in the host galaxy. GRB 100906A produced a smoothly peaking optical light curve suggesting that the prompt optical radiation in this GRB originated in a front shock. This is supported by a spectral analysis. We have found that the Amati and Ghirlanda relations are satisfied for GRB 100906A. An upper limit on the value of the optical extinction on the host of GRB 100906A is obtained.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures, 14 tables, 5 machine readable tables; accepted for publication in MNRA

The MASTER-II network of robotic optical telescopes. First results

The main stages in the creation of the Russian segment of the MASTER network of robotic telescopes is described. This network is designed for studies of the prompt optical emission of gammaray bursts (GRBs; optical emission synchronous with the gamma-ray radiation) and surveys of the sky aimed at discovering uncataloged objects and photometric studies for various programs. The first results obtained by the network, during its construction and immediately after its completion in December 2010, are presented. Eighty-nine alert pointings at GRBs (in most cases, being the first ground telescopes to point at the GRBs) were made from September 2006 through July 2011. The MASTER network holds first place in the world in terms of the total number of first pointings, and currently more than half of first pointings at GRBs by ground telescopes are made by the MASTER network. Photometric light curves of GRB 091020, GRB 091127, GRB 100901A, GRB 100906A, GRB 10925A, GRB 110106A, GRB 110422A, and GRB 110530A are presented. It is especially important that prompt emission was observed for GRB 100901A and GRB 100906A, and thar GRB 091127, GRB 110422A, and GRB 110106A were observed from the first seconds in two polarizations. Very-wide-field cameras carried out synchronous observations of the prompt emission of GRB 081102, GRB 081130B, GRB 090305B, GRB 090320B, GRB 090328, and GRB 090424. Discoveries of Type Ia supernovae are ongoing (among them the brightest supernova in 2009): 2008gy, 2009nr, 2010V, and others. In all, photometry of 387 supernovae has been carried out, 43 of which were either discovered or first observed with MASTER telescopes; more than half of these are Type Ia supernovae. Photometric studies of the open clusters NGC 7129 and NGC 7142 have been conducted, leading to the discovery of 38 variable stars. Sixty-nine optical transients have been discovered. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

О проблемах комплексного использования и охраны водных ресурсов Оренбуржья и сопредельных территорий

The water resources of the Orenburg region are formed mainly due to water of infiltration origin. Their dynamics and chemical composition change zonally, decreasing from north to south, from forest-steppes to dry steppes and further to the deserts of Kazakhstan in accordance to the laws of latitudinal and altitudinal zonation, which vary depending on the regions. Well hydrogeologically closed areas have a powerful zone of hydrohalogenesis. With a decrease in the closeness of the subsoil, the thickness of zones of hydrogenesis increases, reaching a maximum in the folded mountainous Urals, where hydrogeological zoning is consistent with landscape-geochemical heterogeneity and drainage basins. Concentrations of elements in waters increase from the aeration zone to the zone of normal base flow. A regional geochemical barrier of hydrogen sulfide waters for metals has been identified in the structures of the Cis-Ural region. The volume of chemical denudation decreases towards the dry steppe zone and increases in elevated areas composed of gypsum and karst rocks. To solve water management problems it is necessary to introduce modern technologies. These include complex devices with geochemical, hydrodynamic and complex barriers.Водные ресурсы Оренбургской области формируются преимущественно за счет вод инфильтрационного происхождения. Их динамика и химический состав меняются зонально, уменьшаясь с севера на юг, от лесостепей до сухих степей и далее к пустыням Казахстана по законам широтной зональности и высотной поясности, которые отличаются в разных районах. Хорошо гидрогеологически закрытые районы имеют мощную зону гидрогалогенеза. С уменьшением закрытости недр растет мощность зон гидрогенеза, достигающая максимума на горно-складчатом Урале, где гидрогеологическая зональность согласуется с ландшафтно-геохимической неоднородностью и с бассейнами стока. Концентрации элементов в водах растут от зоны аэрации к зоне постоянного стока. В структурах Предуралья выявлен региональный геохимический барьер сероводородных вод для металлов. Объем химической денудации уменьшается к сухостепной зоне и растет в приподнятых районах, сложенных загипсованными и карстующимися породами. Для решения водохозяйственных задач необходимо внедрять современные технологии. К ним относятся комплексные устройства с геохимическими, гидродинамическими и комплексными барьерами

Quantitative confocal spectral imaging analysis of mitoxantrone within living K562 cells: intracellular accumulation and distribution of monomers, aggregates, naphtoquinoxaline metabolite, and drug-target complexes.

Confocal spectral imaging (CSI) technique was used for quantitative analysis of the uptake, subcellular localization, and characteristics of localized binding and retention of anticancer agent mitoxantrone (MITOX) within human K562 erythroleukemia cells. The CSI technique enables identification of the state and interactions of the drug within the living cells. Utilizing this unique property of the method, intracellular distributions were examined for monomeric MITOX in polar environment, MITOX bound with hydrophobic cellular structures, naphthoquinoxaline metabolite, and nucleic acid-related complexes of MITOX. The features revealed were compared for the cells treated with 2 microM or 10 microM of MITOX for 1 h and correlated to the known data on antitumor action of the drug. MITOX was found to exhibit high tendency to self-aggregation within intracellular media. The aggregates are concluded to be a determinant of long-term intracellular retention of the drug and a source of persistent intracellular binding of MITOX. Considerable penetration of MITOX in the hydrophobic cytoskeleton structures as well as growing accumulation of MITOX bound to nucleic acids within the nucleus were found to occur in the cells treated with a high concentration of the drug. These effects may be among the factors stimulating and/or accompanying high-dose mitoxantrone-induced programmed cell death or apoptosis