172 research outputs found
Measurements of the composition of aerosol component of Venusian atmosphere with Vega 1 lander, preliminary data
Preliminary investigation of mass spectra of gaseous products of pyrolyzed Venusian cloud particles collected and analyzed by the complex device of mass-spectrometer and collector pyrolyzer on board Vega 1 lander revealed the presence of heavy particles in the upper cloud layer. Based on 64 amu peak (SO2+), an estimate of the lower limit of the sulfuric acid aerosol content at the 62 to 54 km heights of approximately 2.0 mg/cu m is obtained. A chlorine line (35 and 37 amu) is also present in the mass spectrum with a lower limit of the chlorine concentration of approximately 0.3 mg/ cu m
Strategy of protection against hazardous channel and hydrological processes in rivers of developed territories and territories with focal development
In 2012-2015, the Makkaveev Research Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes of MSU, Department of Geography, carried out a research, including analysis of hydrological and channel regimes of the Tom river in the Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbass) and the Katun river up to Uimonsky (the Altai), intra-mountain drainage basins, the survey of floodplains and eroded banks, and modelling of floods occurring in floodplains. As a result, a concept has been developed to improve protection measures against hazardous hydrological and channel processes. More than 200 engineering and organisational events were suggested as part of the concept. Given the dense network of river banks and the high potential damage caused by floods in Kuzbass, the continuous protection of cities, large residential and commercial areas, as well as sections of roads and railways subject to erosion is a priority in the flood control concept. In the case of the Katun river basin, characterized by local development, low population density, and relatively small damage caused by floods, the emphasis is put on organisational measures: prevention, evacuation of people and property, insurance and compensation. Selective engineering structures should, as a matter of priority, reduce the dangerous erosion of river banks and ensure a high level of protection of the territory against floods
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π’Π―ΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ¨ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ
Russian economy modernization strategic aims can be attained only on the basis of normally functioning machine-building, metallurgic and energetic industries. However, basic heavy machines used in enterprises of these industries at present are under operation for 30 to 40 years and got worn up to 65β85%. Rehabilitation of these machines is to be carried out on the basis of thorough diagnostics and innovative projects that would make it possible to preserve the machinesβ basic heavy components making up to 80% of their weight and cost and to update or replace active components (drive, control, mechanization, etc.). Since most of these enterprises are currently private-owned, certain organizational and legal actions are needed.Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡ
, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 30β40 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π½Π° 60β85%. ΠΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 80% ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ
Physical Activity, Life Satisfaction, Stress Perception and Coping Strategies of University Students in Belarus during the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 restrictions in Belarus turned out to be less stringent than those of its neighboring countries. Objective: We aimed to evaluate physical activity, life satisfaction, perception of stress, choice of coping strategies and their correlations among Belarusian students. An anonymous Internet survey was conducted among 1769 students studying at the faculties of physical culture (415), pedagogical (737), and medical (617) universities. International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (mini-COPE) questionnaires were used. The respondents declared sufficient and high levels of physical activity. The level of physical activity was correlated with life satisfaction (typically for student-athletes). The least satisfaction with life and highest level of perceived stress were among future doctors. The minimum indicator of stress was noted in athletes. The most common coping strategy was active coping. Strategies of problem avoidance and
seeking support from outside were not used by student-athletes. These strategies were used by pedagogical and medical students. Student-athletes have the most favorable opportunities, followed by representatives of pedagogical and medical students. The proposed classification of the levels of behavior (optimal, acceptable, satisfactory and risky) makes it possible to adjust lifestyles
An 8768-year Yamal Tree-ring Chronology as a Tool for Paleoecological Reconstructions
AbstractβIn recent years, the supra-long Yamal tree-ring chronology has been significantly extended and became much more reliable. This article characterizes the sample wood used to build the longest absolutely dated Siberian Larch tree-ring chronology of the Subarctic area, i.e. from 6748 BC to 2019 AD, for a total continuous period of 8768 years. The ecological value of the temporal and spatial distribution of the dated trees are presented, and their potential use for application in various field of natural sciences and humanities are discussed. Β© 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18-05-00575). P. Fonti thanks the Swiss Science Foundation for the financial support (project βCALDERAβ no. CRSII5_183571)
Understanding Russia's return to the Middle East
Over recent years, there has been a significant resurgence of Russian power and influence in the Middle East, which has been evident in the diplomatic and military intervention into Syria. This article identifies the principal factors behind Russiaβs return to the region. First, there are domestic political influences with the coincidence of the uprisings in the Middle East, the so-called βArab Spring,β with large-scale domestic opposition protests within Russia during the elections in 2011β2012. Second, there is the role of ideas, most notably the growing anti-Westernism in Putinβs third presidential term, along with Russiaβs own struggle against Islamist terrorism. These ideational factors contributed to Russiaβs resolve to support the Assad government against both Western intervention and its domestic Islamist opposition. Third, Russia has benefited from a pragmatic and flexible approach in its engagement with the region. Moscow seeks to ensure that it is a critical actor for all the various states and political movements in the Middle East
Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² 2018-2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ : ΡΡΠ°Π³Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
The article presents the authorsβ point of view on the results of the socio-economic development of Russia in 2018 and provides an analytical assessment of forecasts for 2019 and 2020 and estimates for the immediate prospects for the development of the country. The focus is on ensuring the implementation of the May (2018) Decree of the President of the Russian Federation.The authors analyzed the state and conο¬rmed directions to overcome stagnation, ο¬rst of all, by eliminating the lag in the technological level of production and ensuring the growth in labor productivity, enhancing business, investment and consumer activity, increasing the efο¬ciency of capital investments as key factors affecting the growth in the real sector and the knowledge economy, including industrial production , agriculture, capital construction.The paper highlights the weak links in the current management system and proposes measures to overcome the existing structural crisis. There is a need for a socio-economic policy change that should be aimed at ensuring the health of a nation.The authors compared Russian and global trends in key development indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP), industrial production, foreign trade.A comparative assessment of the 2020 and 2021 forecasts of the considered key macroeconomic indicators (including the real sector of the economy as a driver of socio-economic progress) is presented. The projected in 2019 and 2020 slowdown in the global economy, the expected fall in global trade and the expansion of trade wars and sanctions, as well as the existing import dependence may contribute to the growing negative trend in the Russian economy and lead to stagnation escalating into recession.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² 2018 Π³., Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π½Π° 2020 Π³. ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π’ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (2018 Π³.) Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΡΠ΅ Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ (ΠΠΠ), ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π½Π° 2020 ΠΈ 2021 Π³Π³. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² 2019-2020 Π³Π³. ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ: ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π³Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
The article analyses socio-economic development of Russia in 2017-2018, as well as forecasts and estimates for the near future.It compares Russian and global economic development trends in terms of gross domestic product (GDP), industrial production and other major macroeconomic indicators.The authors address problems, threats and risks associated with ensuring accelerated development, creating prerequisites for the implementation of the message of the President of Russia to the Federal Assembly of March 1, 2018 and the May (2018) Decree on the national goals and strategic objectives of the countryβs development up to 2024 arising from this message. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the formation and implementation of the federal budget and national projects, ensuring the growth of investment and consumer activity, growth of labor productivity and employment, and accelerating the development of the small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), as wellas the impact of foreign threats and sanctions on the real economy, social and financial sectors.The paper considers the shortcomings of the current management system, primarily in the formation of national forecasts and federal budgets that are not focused on the implementation of economic restructuring and ensuring economic growth and social progress in priority areas of life identified by the national projects. It is these shortcomings that pose a real threat and initiate a new recession at the start of the next three-year period 2019-2021.The authors present comparative assessments of forecasts of macroeconomic indicators and, above all, the development of the real sector of the economy, ensuring the acceleration of social progress and overcoming threats to the economic, scientific, technical and social situation of the country.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² 2017-2018 Π³Π³., Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° (ΠΠΠ), ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ 1 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 2018 Π³. ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (2018 Π³.) Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 2024 Π³. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° (ΠΠ‘Π), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ 2019-2021 Π³Π³.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ· ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ
Π‘Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ : ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Β»
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΡΒ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Β«Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Β» Π²Β 2023Β Π³. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΒ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°, ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΒ Π°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Π²Β ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΒ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ
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